Hepatitis B risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Hepatitis B}} | {{Hepatitis B}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JS}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Individuals are at increased risk of HBV infection if they | Individuals are at increased risk of HBV infection if they | ||
| Line 17: | Line 20: | ||
Their risk is higher if their parents were born in Southeast Asia, Africa, the Amazon basin in South America, the Pacific Islands, or the Middle East. | Their risk is higher if their parents were born in Southeast Asia, Africa, the Amazon basin in South America, the Pacific Islands, or the Middle East. | ||
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Here is a list of groups of people who are at risk of contracting HBV: | |||
15, 31 | |||
| |||
infants born to infected mothers | |||
| |||
young children in day-care or residential settings with other children in endemic areas | |||
| |||
sexual/household contacts of infected persons | |||
| |||
health care workers | |||
| |||
patients and employees in haemodialysis centres | |||
4, 41 | |||
| |||
injection drug users sharing unsterile needles | |||
41 | |||
| |||
people sharing unsterile medical or dental equipment | |||
| |||
people providing or receiving acupuncture and/or tattooing with unsterile medical devices | |||
| |||
persons living in regions or travelling to regions with endemic hepatitis B | |||
50 | |||
| |||
sexually active heterosexuals | |||
| |||
men who have sex with men | |||
Frequent and routine exposure to blood or serum is | |||
the common denominator of healthcare occupational | |||
exposure. Surgeons, dentists, oral surgeons, pathologi | |||
sts, operating room and emergency room staff, and | |||
clinical laboratory workers who handle blood are at the highest risk. | |||
31 | |||
HBV infection is the major residual posttransfusion | |||
risk in developed countries | |||
because of t | |||
he long window | |||
period, HBV mutants, the low viraemia (difficulties for PCR on pooled samples) and the very high | |||
infectivity. | |||
Over one-third of patients with acute hepatitis B do not have readily identifiable risk factors. | |||
3 | |||
Efforts to vaccinate persons in the major risk groups have had limited success because of the difficulties in | |||
identifying vaccination candidates belonging to high | |||
risk groups. Moreover, regulations have to be | |||
developed to ensure the implementation of vaccination programs. | |||
3, 37 | |||
High risk persons should be post-tested within 1-2 months of receipt of the third dose of HBV vaccine, to | |||
identify good responders to vaccinati | |||
on. This policy is cost-saving since adequate responders do not need | |||
to be retested or given HBIG whenever they later are exposed to HBV. They also do not need to be | |||
offered booster doses of vaccine periodically. | |||
--> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{STD/STI}} | {{STD/STI}} | ||
[[Category:Hepatitis|B]] | [[Category:Hepatitis|B]] | ||
[[Category:Viruses]] | [[Category:Viruses]] | ||
Revision as of 17:06, 29 July 2014
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Hepatitis B |
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Hepatitis B risk factors On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatitis B risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Risk Factors
Individuals are at increased risk of HBV infection if they
- Have sex with someone infected with HBV
- Have sex with more than one partner
- Inject drugs
- Are a man who has sex with men
- Live in the same house with someone who has chronic (long-term) HBV infection
- Have a job that involves contact with human blood
- Are a client in a home for the developmentally disabled
- Have hemophilia
- Travel to areas where hepatitis B is common (country listing)
One out of 20 people in the United States will get infected with HBV some time during their lives.
Their risk is higher if their parents were born in Southeast Asia, Africa, the Amazon basin in South America, the Pacific Islands, or the Middle East.