m (Changed protection level for "Benzocaine" ([Edit=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (expires 12:03, 9 July 2014 (UTC)) [Move=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (expires 12:03, 9 July 2014 (UTC))))
'''Benzocaine''' is a [[local anesthetic]] commonly used as a [[topical]] pain reliever. It is the active ingredient in many over-the-counter [[anesthetic]] ointments, including oral pain relievers such as [[Orajel]] and topical pain relievers such as Lanacane.
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|clinicalTrials=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Trial Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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|postmarketing=There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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:* Description
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|useInPregnancyFDA=* '''Pregnancy Category'''
|useInPregnancyAUS=* '''Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category'''
There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of {{PAGENAME}} in women who are pregnant.
|useInLaborDelivery=There is no FDA guidance on use of {{PAGENAME}} during labor and delivery.
|useInNursing=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to nursing mothers.
|useInPed=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to pediatric patients.
|useInGeri=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to geriatric patients.
|useInGender=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific gender populations.
|useInRace=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific racial populations.
|useInRenalImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with renal impairment.
|useInHepaticImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with hepatic impairment.
|useInReproPotential=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in women of reproductive potentials and males.
|useInImmunocomp=There is no FDA guidance one the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients who are immunocompromised.
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|administration=* Oral
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|monitoring=There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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|IVCompat=There is limited information regarding <i>IV Compatibility</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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|overdose====Acute Overdose===
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: [[File:{{PAGENAME}}01.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
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|PK=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacokinetics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
==Chemical properties==
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Benzocaine is an [[ester]], and can be prepared from the organic acid [[para-Aminobenzoic acid|PABA]] (para-aminobenzoic acid) and [[ethanol]] by [[Fischer esterification]]. The melting point of Benzocaine is 88-90 degrees Celsius, and the boiling point is 172 degrees Celsius. The density of Benzocaine is 1.17g/cm<sup>3</sup>
|nonClinToxic=There is limited information regarding <i>Nonclinical Toxicology</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
==History==
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Benzocaine was first synthesised by a German chemical firm named Ritsert, in the town of [[Eberbach (Baden)|Eberbach]], in Baden-Württemberg in 1902.
|clinicalStudies=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
==How it relieves pain==
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Pain is caused by the stimulation of [[free nerve ending]]s. When the nerve endings are stimulated, sodium enters the [[neuron]], which causes an electrical potential to build up in the nerve. Once the electrical potential becomes big enough the signal is propagated down the nerve toward the [[central nervous system]], which interprets this as pain.
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[[Ester]]s of [[para-Aminobenzoic acid|PABA]] work as a chemical barrier, stopping the sodium from being able to enter the nerve ending.
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|fdaPatientInfo=There is limited information regarding <i>Patient Counseling Information</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
==Side effects==
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Allergic reactions occur with ester local anaesthetics (like benzocaine) because of the PABA structure.
|alcohol=* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
Benzocaine also is a well-known cause of [[methemoglobinemia]]. Because it may be used in topical creams with a concentration as much as 20%, it is not difficult to administer a dose sufficient to cause this problem.
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==Other uses==
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Benzocaine can also be used as a fish tranquilizer. Due to its low solubility in water, stock solution can be made with ethanol (95%). 25 g of benzocaine per 200 ml ethanol will make a solution strong enough to knock saltwater fish out in 2-4 minutes. They will regain equilibrium after 10-15 minutes. Use 5 ml stock solution per 1 L of saltwater. Some benzocaine will [[precipitate]] out of solution when added to the saltwater, so it is recommended to add the volume of stock solution you will be using to a separate container and mix it with some saltwater before adding it to the tank.
|lookAlike=* A® — B®<ref name="www.ismp.org">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = http://www.ismp.org | url = http://www.ismp.org | publisher = | date = }}</ref>
Benzocaine is also used as a key ingredient in Phenazone, an anti-inflammatory, and is also used in some glycerol-based ear medications for use in removing excess wax as well as ear conditions such as [[Otitis media|Otitis Media]] and [[Otitis externa|swimmers ear]].
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It is also used in certain condoms to prolong sex by numbing the penis.<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/10/17/condom 'Delay' condom proves popular - CNN.com]</ref>
Benzocaine is an ingredient in some [[anal sex]] lubricants.<ref>[http://www.a-womans-touch.com/article/11/413/Things_you_wont_find_on_our_website.html]</ref>
==References==
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<references/>
==External links==
* [http://www.fda.gov/CDER/drug/advisory/benzocaine.htm FDA investigation of the possible adverse effects of benzocaine mouth and throat sprays.]
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Black Box Warning
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See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
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Content
Overview
Benzocaine (injection) is a that is FDA approved for the of . There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include .
Adult Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)
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Dosing Information
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Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)
Guideline-Supported Use
Condition1
Developed by:
Class of Recommendation:
Strength of Evidence:
Dosing Information
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Condition2
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Benzocaine (injection) in adult patients.
Non–Guideline-Supported Use
Condition1
Dosing Information
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Condition2
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Benzocaine (injection) in adult patients.
Pediatric Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)
Condition1
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition2
There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Benzocaine (injection) in pediatric patients.
Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)
Guideline-Supported Use
Condition1
Developed by:
Class of Recommendation:
Strength of Evidence:
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition2
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Benzocaine (injection) in pediatric patients.
Non–Guideline-Supported Use
Condition1
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition2
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Benzocaine (injection) in pediatric patients.
Contraindications
Condition1
Warnings
ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
Content
Description
Precautions
Description
Adverse Reactions
Clinical Trials Experience
There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Benzocaine (injection) in the drug label.
Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous
Postmarketing Experience
There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Benzocaine (injection) in the drug label.