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{{Family tree/start}}
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<center>'''Symptoms & Signs'''</center><br>
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❑ Altered mental status<br>
❑ Clammy skin ± cyanosis<br>
❑ Hypotension (MAP <70 mmHg)<br>
❑ Oliguria (urine output <0.5 mL/kg/h)<br>
❑ Tachycardia (heart rate >100 bpm)}}
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<center>'''Shock'''</center>}}
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<center>'''Ventilate—Infuse—Pump (VIP)'''<ref name="Weil-1969">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Weil | first1 = MH. | last2 = Shubin | first2 = H. | title = The VIP approach to the bedside management of shock. | journal = JAMA | volume = 207 | issue = 2 | pages = 337-40 | month = Jan | year = 1969 | doi =  | PMID = 5818156 }}</ref><ref name="Vincent-2013">{{Cite journal | last1 = Vincent | first1 = JL. | last2 = De Backer | first2 = D. | title = Circulatory shock. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 369 | issue = 18 | pages = 1726-34 | month = Oct | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMra1208943 | PMID = 24171518 }}</ref>


</center>
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❑ Intubation with mechanical ventilation<br>
❑ Normal saline 0.5–1 L q10–15 min<sup>†</sup><br>
❑ Norepinephrine 0.1–2.0 μg/kg/min}}
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<center>'''Workups'''</center>
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❑ CBC/DC/SMA-7/PT/PTT<br>
❑ Arterial blood gas<br>
❑ Lactate<br>
❑ ECG<br>
❑ CXR<br>
❑ Echocardiography<br>
❑ Central venous catheter<br>
❑ Pulmonary artery catheter}}
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<center>'''Immediate Goals'''<ref name="Dellinger-2013">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Dellinger | first1 = RP. | last2 = Levy | first2 = MM. | last3 = Rhodes | first3 = A. | last4 = Annane | first4 = D. | last5 = Gerlach | first5 = H. | last6 = Opal | first6 = SM. | last7 = Sevransky | first7 = JE. | last8 = Sprung | first8 = CL. | last9 = Douglas | first9 = IS. | title = Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. | journal = Crit Care Med | volume = 41 | issue = 2 | pages = 580-637 | month = Feb | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827e83af | PMID = 23353941 }}</ref></center>
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❑ MAP >65–70 mmHg<br>
❑ CVP 8–12 mmHg<br>
❑ PCWP 12–15 mmHg<br>
❑ CI >2.1 L/min/m<sup>2</sup><br>
❑ Sa<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub> >90%–92%<br>
❑ M<sub>VO<sub>2</sub></sub> >60%<br>
❑ S<sub>CVO<sub>2</sub></sub> >70%<br>
❑ Hemoglobin >7–9 g/dL<br>
❑ Lactate <2.2 mM/L<br>
❑ Urine output >0.5 mL/kg/h}}
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'''Classify and treat accodringly'''}}
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<sup>†</sup> For septic and hypovolemic shock; consider normal saline 100—200 mL boluses for cardiogenic shock.
==References==
{{reflist|2}}

Revision as of 01:49, 8 April 2014