Hydroquinone: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
m (Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{SIB}} + & -{{EH}} + & -{{EJ}} + & -{{Editor Help}} + & -{{Editor Join}} +))
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Chembox new
{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
|   ImageName = Hydroquinone
|genericName=generic name
|   ImageFile1 = Hydroquinone-3d.png
|aOrAn=a
<!-- | ImageSize1 = 150px  -->
|drugClass=Adrenergic receptor agonist
|   IUPACName = Hydroquinone
|indication=a list of indications, separated by commas.
|   OtherNames = Quinol<br />Benzene-1,4-diol
|hasBlackBoxWarning=Yes
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|adverseReactions=a list of adverse reactions, separated by commas.
|   SMILES = Oc1ccc(O)cc1
|blackBoxWarningTitle=Warning Title
|   CASNo = 123-31-9
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">Condition Name:</span></i> (Content)
|   RTECS = MX3500000
|fdaLIADAdult======Condition 1=====
  }}
 
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
* Dosing Information
|   Formula = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>
 
|  MolarMass = 110.1 g/mol
:* (Dosage)
|   Appearance = white solid
 
|   Density = 1.3 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid
=====Condition 2=====
|   Solubility = 5.9 g/100 ml (15 °C)
 
|   MeltingPt = 172 °C
* Dosing Information
|   BoilingPt = 287 °C
 
|   pKa =  
:* (Dosage)
  }}
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport======Condition 1=====
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
 
|   Dipole = zero
* Developed by: (Organisation)
  }}
 
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
* Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
|   ExternalMSDS =
 
|   EUClass = Harmful ('''Xn''')<br />[[Carcinogen|Carc. Cat. 3]]<br />[[Mutagen|Muta. Cat. 3]]<br />Dangerous for<br />the environment ('''N''')
* Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
|   RPhrases = {{R22}}, {{R40}},
 
|  SPhrases = {{S2}}, {{S26}}, {{S36/37/39}}, {{S61}}
* Dosing Information/Recommendation
|  FlashPt = 165 °C
 
  }}
:* (Dosage)
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
 
|  Function = [[benzenediol]]s
=====Condition 2=====
|  OtherFunctn = [[Pyrocatechol]]<br />[[Resorcinol]]
 
|  OtherCpds = [[1,4-Benzoquinone|1,4-benzoquinone]]
* Developed by: (Organisation)
  }}
 
}}
* Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
{{SI}}
 
* Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
 
* Dosing Information/Recommendation
 
:* (Dosage)
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport======Condition 1=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 3=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
|fdaLIADPed======Condition 1=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
|offLabelPedGuideSupport======Condition 1=====
 
* Developed by: (Organisation)
 
* Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
 
* Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
 
* Dosing Information/Recommendation
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
* Developed by: (Organisation)
 
* Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
 
* Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
 
* Dosing Information/Recommendation
 
:* (Dosage)
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport======Condition 1=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 3=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
|contraindications=* Condition 1
* Condition 2
* Condition 3
* Condition 4
* Condition 5
|warnings======Conidition 1=====
 
(Description)
 
|clinicalTrials=======Central Nervous System======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Cardiovascular======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Respiratory======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Gastrointestinal======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Hypersensitive Reactions======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Miscellaneous======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
======Central Nervous System======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Cardiovascular======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Respiratory======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Gastrointestinal======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Hypersensitive Reactions======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Miscellaneous======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
|postmarketing=(Description)
|drugInteractions=* Drug 1
* Drug 2
* Drug 3
* Drug 4
* Drug 5
 
=====Drug 1=====
 
(Description)
 
=====Drug 2=====
 
(Description)
 
=====Drug 3=====
 
(Description)
 
=====Drug 4=====
 
(Description)
 
=====Drug 5=====
 
(Description)
|useInPregnancyFDA=(Description)
|useInPregnancyAUS=(Description)
|useInLaborDelivery=(Description)
|useInNursing=(Description)
|useInPed=(Description)
|useInGeri=(Description)
|useInGender=(Description)
|useInRace=(Description)
|useInRenalImpair=(Description)
|useInHepaticImpair=(Description)
|useInReproPotential=(Description)
|useInImmunocomp=(Description)
|othersTitle=Others
|useInOthers=(Description)
 
|administration=(Oral/Intravenous/etc)
|monitoring======Condition 1=====
 
(Description regarding monitoring, from ''Warnings'' section)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
(Description regarding monitoring, from ''Warnings'' section)
 
=====Condition 3=====
 
(Description regarding monitoring, from ''Warnings'' section)
|IVCompat====Solution===
 
====Compatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Not Tested====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Variable====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Incompatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
===Y-Site===
 
====Compatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Not Tested====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Variable====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Incompatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
===Admixture===
 
====Compatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Not Tested====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Variable====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Incompatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
===Syringe===
 
====Compatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Not Tested====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Variable====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Incompatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
===TPN/TNA===
 
====Compatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Not Tested====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Variable====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Incompatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
|overdose====Acute Overdose===


====Signs and Symptoms====


==Overview==
(Description)
'''Hydroquinone''', also '''benzene-1,4-diol''' or '''quinol''', is an [[aromatic]] [[organic compound]] which is a type of [[Phenols|phenol]], having the [[chemical formula]] C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>.  Its [[chemical structure]], shown in the table at right, has two [[hydroxyl group]]s [[covalent bond|bonded]] to a [[benzene ring]] in a ''para'' position.  It is a white granular [[solid]] at room [[temperature]] and [[pressure]].


==Nomenclature==
====Management====
Hydroquinone is the name recommended by the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC) in its ''1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry''.{{ref|BlueBook}}


==Properties==
(Description)
Hydroquinone can undergo mild [[oxidation]] to convert to the compound ''parabenzoquinone'', C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, often called ''p''-quinone or simply [[quinone]].  [[Redox|Reduction]] of quinone reverses this reaction back to hydroquinone.  Some biochemical compounds in nature have this sort of hydroquinone or quinone section in their structures, such as [[Coenzyme Q]], and can undergo similar [[redox]] interconversions.


The hydroxyl groups of hydroquinone are quite weakly [[acidic]].  Hydroquinone can lose an H<sup>+</sup> from one of the hydroxyls to form a monophenolate ion or lose an H<sup>+</sup> from both to form a diphenolate ion.
===Chronic Overdose===


==Uses==
====Signs and Symptoms====
Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a [[reducing agent]] which is [[soluble]] in water.  It is a major component in most photographic developers where, with the compound [[Metol]], it reduces silver [[halides]] to elemental [[silver]].


In human medicine, hydroquinone is used as a topical application in [[skin whitening]] to reduce the color of skin as it does not have the same predisposition to cause [[dermatitis]] as Metol does. This use is banned in some countries (e.g. France) because of fears of a [[cancer]] risk.
(Description)


The di[[sodium]] diphenolate [[salt]] of hydroquinone is used as an alternating co[[monomer]] unit in the production of the [[polymer]] [[PEEK]].
====Management====


As a polymerization inhibitor, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, etc.
(Description)
|drugBox={{Drugbox2
| verifiedrevid =
| IUPAC_name =
| image =
| drug_name =


It is also used as a raw material of herbicides, rubber antioxidants and dye stuffs.
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename =
| MedlinePlus =
| licence_US =
| pregnancy_AU =
| pregnancy_US =
| legal_status =
| routes_of_administration =


==Natural occurrences==
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
Hydroquinones are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with [[hydrogen peroxide]] (and perhaps other chemicals, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir. The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber. This chamber is lined with cells that secrete [[catalase]]s and [[peroxidase]]s. When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and [[catalysis|catalyze]] the [[oxidation]] of the hydroquinones into [[quinone|p-quinones]]. These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's [[abdomen]].
| bioavailability =  
| metabolism =  
| elimination_half-life =  
| excretion =


==See also==
<!--Identifiers-->
*[[Pyrocatechol]]
| CAS_number_Ref =
*[[Resorcinol]]
| CAS_number =
| ATC_prefix =
| ATC_suffix =
| PubChem =
| IUPHAR_ligand =
| DrugBank_Ref =
| DrugBank =
| ChemSpiderID_Ref =
| ChemSpiderID =  
| UNII_Ref =  
| UNII =  
| KEGG_Ref =  
| KEGG =
| ChEBI_Ref =
| ChEBI =
| ChEMBL_Ref =
| ChEMBL =


==References==
<!--Chemical data-->
#{{note|BlueBook}} {{cite book | author=Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) | title=A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993 | location=Oxford | publisher=Blackwell Science | year=1994 | id=ISBN 0-632-03488-2}}
| C= | H= | N= | O=
| molecular_weight =
| smiles =
| InChI =
| InChIKey =
| StdInChI_Ref =
| StdInChI =
| StdInChIKey_Ref =
| StdInChIKey =  
| melting_point =
}}
|mechAction=(Description)
|structure=(Description with picture)
|PD=(Description)
|PK=(Description)
|nonClinToxic=(Description)
|clinicalStudies======Condition 1=====


==External links==
(Description)
*[http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc01/icsc0166.htm International Chemical Safety Card 0166]
*[http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0338.html NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards]
*[http://www-cie.iarc.fr/htdocs/monographs/vol71/024-hydroquinone.html IARC Monograph: "Hydroquinone"]
*{{ecb}}
*[http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/ IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry] (online version of the "''Blue Book''")


{{Other dermatological preparations}}
=====Condition 2=====


[[Category:Benzenediols]]
(Description)
[[Category:Photographic chemicals]]
[[Category:IARC Group 3 carcinogens]]


{{jb1}}
=====Condition 3=====


{{WH}}
(Description)
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
|howSupplied=(Description)
|fdaPatientInfo=(Patient Counseling Information)
|nlmPatientInfo=(Link to patient information page)
|lookAlike=* (Paired Confused Name 1a) — (Paired Confused Name 1b)
* (Paired Confused Name 2a) — (Paired Confused Name 2b)
* (Paired Confused Name 3a) — (Paired Confused Name 3b)
|drugShortage=Drug Shortage
}}

Revision as of 16:53, 22 December 2014

Hydroquinone
Black Box Warning
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];

Disclaimer

WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDoc drug pages is based upon the FDA package insert, National Library of Medicine content and practice guidelines / consensus statements. WikiDoc does not promote the administration of any medication or device that is not consistent with its labeling. Please read our full disclaimer here.

Black Box Warning

Warning Title
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
Condition Name: (Content)

Overview

Hydroquinone is a Adrenergic receptor agonist that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of a list of indications, separated by commas.. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include a list of adverse reactions, separated by commas..

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Condition 1
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)
Condition 2
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition 1
  • Developed by: (Organisation)
  • Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
  • Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
  • Dosing Information/Recommendation
  • (Dosage)
Condition 2
  • Developed by: (Organisation)
  • Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
  • Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
  • Dosing Information/Recommendation
  • (Dosage)

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition 1
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)
Condition 2
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)
Condition 3
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

Condition 1
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)
Condition 2
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition 1
  • Developed by: (Organisation)
  • Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
  • Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
  • Dosing Information/Recommendation
  • (Dosage)
Condition 2
  • Developed by: (Organisation)
  • Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
  • Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
  • Dosing Information/Recommendation
  • (Dosage)

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition 1
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)
Condition 2
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)
Condition 3
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)

Contraindications

  • Condition 1
  • Condition 2
  • Condition 3
  • Condition 4
  • Condition 5

Warnings

Warning Title
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
Condition Name: (Content)
Conidition 1

(Description)

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

Central Nervous System
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Cardiovascular
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Respiratory
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Gastrointestinal
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Hypersensitive Reactions
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Miscellaneous
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Condition 2
Central Nervous System
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Cardiovascular
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Respiratory
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Gastrointestinal
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Hypersensitive Reactions
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Miscellaneous
(list/description of adverse reactions)

Postmarketing Experience

(Description)

Drug Interactions

  • Drug 1
  • Drug 2
  • Drug 3
  • Drug 4
  • Drug 5
Drug 1

(Description)

Drug 2

(Description)

Drug 3

(Description)

Drug 4

(Description)

Drug 5

(Description)

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): (Description)
Pregnancy Category (AUS): (Description)

Labor and Delivery

(Description)

Nursing Mothers

(Description)

Pediatric Use

(Description)

Geriatic Use

(Description)

Gender

(Description)

Race

(Description)

Renal Impairment

(Description)

Hepatic Impairment

(Description)

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

(Description)

Immunocompromised Patients

(Description)

Others

(Description)

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

(Oral/Intravenous/etc)

Monitoring

Condition 1

(Description regarding monitoring, from Warnings section)

Condition 2

(Description regarding monitoring, from Warnings section)

Condition 3

(Description regarding monitoring, from Warnings section)

IV Compatibility

Solution

Compatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Not Tested

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Variable

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Incompatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Y-Site

Compatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Not Tested

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Variable

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Incompatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Admixture

Compatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Not Tested

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Variable

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Incompatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Syringe

Compatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Not Tested

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Variable

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Incompatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

TPN/TNA

Compatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Not Tested

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Variable

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Incompatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Overdosage

Acute Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

(Description)

Management

(Description)

Chronic Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

(Description)

Management

(Description)

Pharmacology

Chemical structure of Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
?
Identifiers
CAS number ?
ATC code ?
PubChem ?
Chemical data
Formula ?
Mol. mass ?
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability ?
Metabolism ?
Half life ?
Excretion ?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

?

Legal status
Routes ?

Mechanism of Action

(Description)

Structure

(Description with picture)

Pharmacodynamics

(Description)

Pharmacokinetics

(Description)

Nonclinical Toxicology

(Description)

Clinical Studies

Condition 1

(Description)

Condition 2

(Description)

Condition 3

(Description)

How Supplied

(Description)

Storage

There is limited information regarding Hydroquinone Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Hydroquinone |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Hydroquinone |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

(Patient Counseling Information)

Precautions with Alcohol

Alcohol-Hydroquinone interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor regarding the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

There is limited information regarding Hydroquinone Brand Names in the drug label.

Look-Alike Drug Names

  • (Paired Confused Name 1a) — (Paired Confused Name 1b)
  • (Paired Confused Name 2a) — (Paired Confused Name 2b)
  • (Paired Confused Name 3a) — (Paired Confused Name 3b)

Drug Shortage Status

Drug Shortage

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Hydroquinone&oldid=1049924"