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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Common risk factors in the development of gallbladder cancer are [[obesity]], chronic [[cholecystitis]], chronic [[cholelithiasis]], chronic [[typhoid]] infection, [[alcohol]] and genetic mutations.
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| ==Risk factors== | | ==Risk factors== |
| * [[Obesity]] increases the risk for gallbladder cancer | | * |
| * Chronic [[typhoid]] infection of gallbladder. Chronic [[salmonella typhi]] carriers have 3 to 200 times higher risk of gallbladder cancer than non-carriers and 1–6% lifetime risk of development of cancer<ref name="Ferreccio2012">{{cite journal|last1=Ferreccio|first1=Catterina|title=Salmonella typhi and Gallbladder Cancer|year=2012|pages=117–137|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2585-0_5}}</ref>
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| * Various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to be associated with gallbladder cancer. However, existing genetic studies in gallbladder cancer susceptibility have so far been insufficient to confirm any association<ref name="pmid21708280">{{cite journal| author=Srivastava K, Srivastava A, Sharma KL, Mittal B| title=Candidate gene studies in gallbladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=Mutat Res | year= 2011 | volume= 728 | issue= 1-2 | pages= 67-79 | pmid=21708280 | doi=10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.06.002 | pmc=PMC3162044 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21708280 }} </ref>
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| * Alcohol: [[Alcohol]] drinking is a risk factor of gallbladder cancer<ref>{{cite journal
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| | last = Ji
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| | first = J
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| | coauthors = Hemminki K
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| | title = Variation in the risk for liver and gallbladder cancers in socioeconomic and occupational groups in Sweden with etiological implications
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| | journal = Int Arch Occup Environ Health
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| | volume =78
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| | issue =8
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| | pages = 641-9
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| | publisher =
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| | date = 2005 Sep
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| | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=Display&DB=pubmed
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| | doi =
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| | id = PMID 16001211
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| | accessdate = 28 May 2007}}</ref><ref>Ji J, Couto E, Hemminki K. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15800949&dopt=Abstract Incidence differences for gallbladder cancer between occupational groups suggest an etiological role for alcohol] ''Int J Cancer'' 2005 Sep 1;116(3):492-3.</ref>
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| * Age
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| * [[Gallstone]]s and [[gallbladder]] inflammation
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| * Family history
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| * [[Porcelain gallbladder]]
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| * [[Cigarette]] smoking and other chemicals
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| * Abnormalities of the [[pancreas]] and [[bile duct]]
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| * Gallbladder polyps
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| * [[Diet]]
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| * Race
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| * [[Hormone replacement therapy]]
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| ==References== | | ==References== |