Hypoparathyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
*The symptoms of hypoparathyroidism usually develop due to hypocalcemia.<ref name="pmid23043192">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mitchell DM, Regan S, Cooley MR, Lauter KB, Vrla MC, Becker CB, Burnett-Bowie SA, Mannstadt M |title=Long-term follow-up of patients with hypoparathyroidism |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=97 |issue=12 |pages=4507–14 |year=2012 |pmid=23043192 |pmc=3513540 |doi=10.1210/jc.2012-1808 |url=}}</ref> | *The symptoms of hypoparathyroidism usually develop due to hypocalcemia.<ref name="pmid23043192">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mitchell DM, Regan S, Cooley MR, Lauter KB, Vrla MC, Becker CB, Burnett-Bowie SA, Mannstadt M |title=Long-term follow-up of patients with hypoparathyroidism |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=97 |issue=12 |pages=4507–14 |year=2012 |pmid=23043192 |pmc=3513540 |doi=10.1210/jc.2012-1808 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*There is an increased risk of renal complications due to hypercalciuria in patients treated with calcium and vitamin D analogs. | *There is an increased risk of renal complications due to hypercalciuria in patients treated with calcium and vitamin D analogs. | ||
* | *Transient hypoparathyroidism<ref name="pmid21812031">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bilezikian JP, Khan A, Potts JT, Brandi ML, Clarke BL, Shoback D, Jüppner H, D'Amour P, Fox J, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L, Rubin MR, Dempster D, Gafni R, Collins MT, Sliney J, Sanders J |title=Hypoparathyroidism in the adult: epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, target-organ involvement, treatment, and challenges for future research |journal=J. Bone Miner. Res. |volume=26 |issue=10 |pages=2317–37 |year=2011 |pmid=21812031 |pmc=3405491 |doi=10.1002/jbmr.483 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is anterior neck surgery. | |||
**Majority of post-surgical patients have transient hypoparathyroidism. | |||
**This hypoparathyroidism is due to post-surgical "stunning of parathyroid glands". | |||
*The features of hypoparathyroidism should persist for atleast 6 month after surgery to be diagnosed as chronic hypoparathyroidism. | |||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
Line 35: | Line 39: | ||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
*Hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism leads to complications irrespective of treatment.<ref name="pmid23043192">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mitchell DM, Regan S, Cooley MR, Lauter KB, Vrla MC, Becker CB, Burnett-Bowie SA, Mannstadt M |title=Long-term follow-up of patients with hypoparathyroidism |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=97 |issue=12 |pages=4507–14 |year=2012 |pmid=23043192 |pmc=3513540 |doi=10.1210/jc.2012-1808 |url=}}</ref> | *Hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism leads to complications irrespective of treatment.<ref name="pmid23043192">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mitchell DM, Regan S, Cooley MR, Lauter KB, Vrla MC, Becker CB, Burnett-Bowie SA, Mannstadt M |title=Long-term follow-up of patients with hypoparathyroidism |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=97 |issue=12 |pages=4507–14 |year=2012 |pmid=23043192 |pmc=3513540 |doi=10.1210/jc.2012-1808 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* | *Patients on treatment of hypoparathyroidism should be actively monitored for hyprecalciuria and renal complications by renal imaging and creatinine clearance. | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 14:31, 25 September 2017
Hypoparathyroidism Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Hypoparathyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypoparathyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis |
FDA on Hypoparathyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis |
CDC on Hypoparathyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis |
Hypoparathyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis in the news |
Blogs on Hypoparathyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of hypoparathyroidism usually develop due to hypocalcemia.[1]
- There is an increased risk of renal complications due to hypercalciuria in patients treated with calcium and vitamin D analogs.
- Transient hypoparathyroidism[2]
- Most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is anterior neck surgery.
- Majority of post-surgical patients have transient hypoparathyroidism.
- This hypoparathyroidism is due to post-surgical "stunning of parathyroid glands".
- The features of hypoparathyroidism should persist for atleast 6 month after surgery to be diagnosed as chronic hypoparathyroidism.
Complications
- Common complications of hypoparathyroidism include:[1]
- Renal complications
- Nephrolithiasis
- Nephrocalcinosis
- Impaired renal function
- Symptomatic hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia
- Basal ganglia calcifications[3]
- Complications of iv calcium extravasation
- Hypocalcemia seizure
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Pathologic fractures
- Renal complications
Prognosis
- Hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism leads to complications irrespective of treatment.[1]
- Patients on treatment of hypoparathyroidism should be actively monitored for hyprecalciuria and renal complications by renal imaging and creatinine clearance.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mitchell DM, Regan S, Cooley MR, Lauter KB, Vrla MC, Becker CB, Burnett-Bowie SA, Mannstadt M (2012). "Long-term follow-up of patients with hypoparathyroidism". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97 (12): 4507–14. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1808. PMC 3513540. PMID 23043192.
- ↑ Bilezikian JP, Khan A, Potts JT, Brandi ML, Clarke BL, Shoback D, Jüppner H, D'Amour P, Fox J, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L, Rubin MR, Dempster D, Gafni R, Collins MT, Sliney J, Sanders J (2011). "Hypoparathyroidism in the adult: epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, target-organ involvement, treatment, and challenges for future research". J. Bone Miner. Res. 26 (10): 2317–37. doi:10.1002/jbmr.483. PMC 3405491. PMID 21812031.
- ↑ Goswami R, Sharma R, Sreenivas V, Gupta N, Ganapathy A, Das S (2012). "Prevalence and progression of basal ganglia calcification and its pathogenic mechanism in patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 77 (2): 200–6. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04353.x. PMID 22288727.