Rhinitis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 13: Line 13:
Rhinitis affects all age groups. Allergic rhinitis is the most common chronic allergic disease in children, with symptoms developing in one of five children by 2-3 years of age.<ref name="pmid11449200">{{cite journal| author=Skoner DP| title=Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2001 | volume= 108 | issue= 1 Suppl | pages= S2-8 | pmid=11449200 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11449200  }} </ref>  Up to 40% of of children have symptoms of allergic rhinitis by the age of six.<ref name="pmid11449200">{{cite journal| author=Skoner DP| title=Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2001 | volume= 108 | issue= 1 Suppl | pages= S2-8 | pmid=11449200 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11449200  }} </ref> The onset of nonallergic (non-infectious) rhinitis is often after the age of 20 years.<ref name="pmid17153005">{{cite journal| author=Settipane RA, Charnock DR| title=Epidemiology of rhinitis: allergic and nonallergic. | journal=Clin Allergy Immunol | year= 2007 | volume= 19 | issue=  | pages= 23-34 | pmid=17153005 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17153005  }} </ref>
Rhinitis affects all age groups. Allergic rhinitis is the most common chronic allergic disease in children, with symptoms developing in one of five children by 2-3 years of age.<ref name="pmid11449200">{{cite journal| author=Skoner DP| title=Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2001 | volume= 108 | issue= 1 Suppl | pages= S2-8 | pmid=11449200 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11449200  }} </ref>  Up to 40% of of children have symptoms of allergic rhinitis by the age of six.<ref name="pmid11449200">{{cite journal| author=Skoner DP| title=Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2001 | volume= 108 | issue= 1 Suppl | pages= S2-8 | pmid=11449200 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11449200  }} </ref> The onset of nonallergic (non-infectious) rhinitis is often after the age of 20 years.<ref name="pmid17153005">{{cite journal| author=Settipane RA, Charnock DR| title=Epidemiology of rhinitis: allergic and nonallergic. | journal=Clin Allergy Immunol | year= 2007 | volume= 19 | issue=  | pages= 23-34 | pmid=17153005 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17153005  }} </ref>
Primary atrophic rhinitis is more commonly seen in young to middle-aged adults.<ref name="pmid20176255">{{cite journal| author=Dykewicz MS, Hamilos DL| title=Rhinitis and sinusitis. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2010 | volume= 125 | issue= 2 Suppl 2 | pages= S103-15 | pmid=20176255 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.989 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20176255  }} </ref>
Primary atrophic rhinitis is more commonly seen in young to middle-aged adults.<ref name="pmid20176255">{{cite journal| author=Dykewicz MS, Hamilos DL| title=Rhinitis and sinusitis. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2010 | volume= 125 | issue= 2 Suppl 2 | pages= S103-15 | pmid=20176255 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.989 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20176255  }} </ref>


'''Sex'''
'''Sex'''
Line 25: Line 23:




==References==
References{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}

Revision as of 16:31, 20 January 2017

Rhinitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Rhinitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Rhinitis epidemiology and demographics On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Rhinitis epidemiology and demographics

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Rhinitis epidemiology and demographics

CDC on Rhinitis epidemiology and demographics

Rhinitis epidemiology and demographics in the news

Blogs on Rhinitis epidemiology and demographics

Directions to Hospitals Treating Rhinitis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Rhinitis epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Rhinitis is a very frequent and highly prevalent global disease, and it is one of the most common conditions presenting for medical care in developed countries.[1]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

Rhinitis is a highly prevalent disease with significant financial impact on the society.[2] Chronic rhinitis is one of the commonest problems seen by physicians.[1] Allergic rhinitis is estimated to affect one in every six Americans, and it is the fifth most chronic disease in the U.S.[3] Allergic rhinitis is the most common chronic disease in the pediatric age group in the U.S,[3] and it was the most common diagnosis reported in the 2000 Otolaryngology Workforce study.[4] The estimated prevalence of allergic rhinitis ranges from 9-42%.[5] Annually, between 30-60 million people in the U.S suffer from allergic rhinitis, 10-30% of these individuals are adults, and up to 40% are children.[1] The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has been found to be increasing in countries worldwide, and factors such as increased airborne pollution, a rise in the population of dust mite in inadequately ventilated offices/homes with central heating/air conditioning, and sedentary lifestyles, have been suggested to contribute to the rise in its prevalence.[6][7][8] The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has significantly increased during the past 50 years, with over 50% of adolecents in some countries reporting symptoms of allergic rhinitis.[7] The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was noticed to have doubled in several countries over the last two decades in studies done in children between the ages 6-14years around the globe.[8] A study on the prevalence and diversity of allergic rhinitis in regions of the world (several countries in Africa, the Asia-Pacific region, Australia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Middle East and Turkey), showed wide variations in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis, ranging from 2.9% to 54.1%.[8] Nonallergic rhinitis is also very common, and it has been estimated to affect about 19 million people in the U.S.[5] There is sometimes an overlap between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, referred to as "mixed rhinitis", and this has been estimated to affect about 26 million individuals in the United States.[5] The overall prevalence of occupational rhinitis is unknown but it has been estimated to affect between 23-50% of bakers in Norway.[9]

Age

Rhinitis affects all age groups. Allergic rhinitis is the most common chronic allergic disease in children, with symptoms developing in one of five children by 2-3 years of age.[10] Up to 40% of of children have symptoms of allergic rhinitis by the age of six.[10] The onset of nonallergic (non-infectious) rhinitis is often after the age of 20 years.[5] Primary atrophic rhinitis is more commonly seen in young to middle-aged adults.[11]

Sex

  • Allergic rhinitis appears to be more common in boys during childhood.[10]
  • Nonallergic (non-infectious) rhinitis is predominantly seen in females.[5]

Geographical Distribution

Rhinitis is a global disease with wide inter-regional and intra-regional variations in its prevalence..[8] Primary atrophic rhinitis is more prevalent in developing countries with warm climates.[11]


References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Romeo, Jonathan; Dykewicz, Mark (2014). "Chapter 9:Differential Diagnosis of Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis". Diseases of the Sinuses. Springer New York. pp. 133–152. ISBN 978-1-4939-0265-1.
  2. Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA; et al. (2008). "The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 122 (2 Suppl): S1–84. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.003. PMID 18662584.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Seidman MD, Gurgel RK, Lin SY, Schwartz SR, Baroody FM, Bonner JR; et al. (2015). "Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis executive summary". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 152 (2): 197–206. doi:10.1177/0194599814562166. PMID 25645524.
  4. Mims JW (2014). "Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis". Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 4 Suppl 2: S18–20. doi:10.1002/alr.21385. PMID 25182349.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Settipane RA, Charnock DR (2007). "Epidemiology of rhinitis: allergic and nonallergic". Clin Allergy Immunol. 19: 23–34. PMID 17153005.
  6. Schoenwetter WF, Dupclay L, Appajosyula S, Botteman MF, Pashos CL (2004). "Economic impact and quality-of-life burden of allergic rhinitis". Curr Med Res Opin. 20 (3): 305–17. doi:10.1185/030079903125003053. PMID 15025839.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A; et al. (2008). "Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen)". Allergy. 63 Suppl 86: 8–160. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x. PMID 18331513.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Katelaris CH, Lee BW, Potter PC, Maspero JF, Cingi C, Lopatin A; et al. (2012). "Prevalence and diversity of allergic rhinitis in regions of the world beyond Europe and North America". Clin Exp Allergy. 42 (2): 186–207. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03891.x. PMID 22092947.
  9. Stevens WW, Grammer LC (2015). "Occupational rhinitis: an update". Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 15 (1): 487. doi:10.1007/s11882-014-0487-8. PMID 25430949.
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 Skoner DP (2001). "Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 108 (1 Suppl): S2–8. PMID 11449200.
  11. 11.0 11.1 Dykewicz MS, Hamilos DL (2010). "Rhinitis and sinusitis". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 125 (2 Suppl 2): S103–15. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.989. PMID 20176255.

Template:WH Template:WS