Small intestine cancer: Difference between revisions

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{{Small intestine cancer}}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Qurrat}}, {{PSD}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Qurrat}}, {{PSD}}
{{Small intestine cancer}}
{{SK}}
==Overview==
==Historical Perspective==
[Disease name] was first discovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event].
The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].
In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].
In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], including -----.
In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
==Classification==
Intestinal cancers can be classified into benign tumors, malignant tumors and extra-intestinal tumors. Benign tumors are: leiomyoma, lipoma, hamartoma and desmoid tumors. Malignant tumors of small intestine are: [[adenocarcinoma]], [[leiomyosarcoma]], [[carcinoid]], and lymphomas. Extra-intestinal tumors metastasize to small intestine mostly through contagious spread or through peritoneal implantation. Metastatic spread through blood supply is very uncommon and is route of spread for [[Melanoma]].<ref name="pmid11588539">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gill SS, Heuman DM, Mihas AA |title=Small intestinal neoplasms |journal=J. Clin. Gastroenterol. |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=267–82 |date=October 2001 |pmid=11588539 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
==Pathophysiology==
Ptahophysiology of small intestinal cancers is not much studied domain as it is a rare condition. However the incidence has increased recently particularly in black males and it stays same for the females. There is no explanation yet for the increase in the incidence. Studies are being conducted to evaluate association with environmental risk factors.  <ref name="pmid8850266">{{cite journal |vauthors=Severson RK, Schenk M, Gurney JG, Weiss LK, Demers RY |title=Increasing incidence of adenocarcinomas and carcinoid tumors of the small intestine in adults |journal=Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=81–4 |date=February 1996 |pmid=8850266 |doi= |url=}}</ref>  Cancer of small intestine can arise sporadically or they are associated with genetic diseases. [[Familial adenomatous polyposis coli]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]] and chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders e.g., [[Crohn's disease]] or [[Celiac sprue]] are some of the associations of small intestinal tumors.<ref name="pmid11588539">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gill SS, Heuman DM, Mihas AA |title=Small intestinal neoplasms |journal=J. Clin. Gastroenterol. |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=267–82 |date=October 2001 |pmid=11588539 |doi= |url=}}</ref> [[Adenocarcinomas]] and [[Carcinoid tumors]] of the smalls intestine are associated with malignant tumors of the other sites. Rarely people with [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]] can develop malignant changes in polyps present in small intestine.<ref name="pmid6821853">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barclay TH, Schapira DV |title=Malignant tumors of the small intestine |journal=Cancer |volume=51 |issue=5 |pages=878–81 |date=March 1983 |pmid=6821853 |doi= |url=}}</ref> 
Primary [[adenocarcinoma]] consists of 40% of cases of malignant tumors of small intestine and it is the most common histologic type. [[Carcinoid tumor]] is the second most common cancer of the small bowel. Duodenal tumors are more common than the tumors of jejunum and illeum.<ref name="pmid15274064">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dabaja BS, Suki D, Pro B, Bonnen M, Ajani J |title=Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel: presentation, prognostic factors, and outcome of 217 patients |journal=Cancer |volume=101 |issue=3 |pages=518–26 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15274064 |doi=10.1002/cncr.20404 |url=}}</ref>
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
OR


[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
{{SK}} Small bowel cancer


OR


Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
==[[Small intestine cancer overview|Overview]]==


OR
==[[Small intestine cancer historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


==[[Small intestine cancer classification|Classification]]==


[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
==[[Small intestine cancer pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


OR
==[[Small intestine cancer causes|Causes]]==


The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
==[[Small intestine cancer differential diagnosis|Differentiating Small Intestine Cancer from other Diseases]]==


OR
==[[Small intestine cancer epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
==[[Small intestine cancer risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


==Causes==
==[[Small intestine cancer screening|Screening]]==
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].


OR
==[[Small intestine cancer natural history, complications, and prognosis|Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis]]==
 
Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
 
OR
 
The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
 
OR
 
The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click [[Pericarditis causes#Overview|here]].
 
==Differentiating ((Page name)) from Other Diseases==
[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
 
OR
 
[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
Small intestinal cancer makes less than two percent of the gastrointestinal track cancers.<ref name="pmid10651347">{{cite journal |vauthors=North JH, Pack MS |title=Malignant tumors of the small intestine: a review of 144 cases |journal=Am Surg |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=46–51 |date=January 2000 |pmid=10651347 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
 
OR
 
In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
 
OR
 
In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of [number range]%.
 
 
 
Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
 
OR
 
The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
 
OR
 
[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
 
OR
 
[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
 
OR
 
[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
 
 
 
There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
 
OR
 
[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
 
 
 
[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
 
OR
 
[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
 
 
 
The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
 
OR
 
[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
 
==Risk Factors==
There are no established risk factor. [[Crohn disease]] is considered to be the most important risk factor of small intestinal cancers.<ref name="pmid15274064">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dabaja BS, Suki D, Pro B, Bonnen M, Ajani J |title=Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel: presentation, prognostic factors, and outcome of 217 patients |journal=Cancer |volume=101 |issue=3 |pages=518–26 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15274064 |doi=10.1002/cncr.20404 |url=}}</ref> 
[disease name].
 
OR
 
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
 
OR
 
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
 
OR
 
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
 
==Screening==
There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for [disease/malignancy].
 
OR
 
According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] is not recommended.
 
OR
 
According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] by [test 1] is recommended every [duration] among patients with [condition 1], [condition 2], and [condition 3].
 
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
 
OR
 
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 
OR
 
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Diagnostic Study of Choice===
[[Small intestine cancer diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Small intestine cancer history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Small intestine cancer physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Small intestine cancer laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Small intestine cancer electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Small intestine cancer x ray|X-Ray Findings]] | [[Small intestine cancer echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Small intestine cancer CT|CT-Scan Findings]] | [[Small intestine cancer MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Small intestine cancer other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Small intestine cancer other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
 
OR
 
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
 
OR
 
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
 
OR
 
There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
 
===History and Symptoms===
The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
 
OR
 
The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
 
===Physical Examination===
Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 
OR
 
Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 
OR
 
The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
 
OR
 
The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
 
===Laboratory Findings===
An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
 
OR
 
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
 
OR
 
[Test] is usually normal among patients with [disease name].
 
OR
 
Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].
 
OR
 
There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
 
===Electrocardiogram===
There are no ECG findings associated with [disease name].
 
OR
 
An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an ECG suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 
===X-ray===
There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name].
 
OR
 
An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 
OR
 
There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name]. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 
===Echocardiography or Ultrasound===
There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name].
 
OR
 
Echocardiography/ultrasound  may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 
OR
 
There are no echocardiography/ultrasound  findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound  may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 
===CT scan===
There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].
 
OR
 
[Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 
OR
 
There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 
===MRI===
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].
 
OR
 
[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 
OR
 
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 
===Other Imaging Findings===
There are no other imaging findings associated with [disease name].
 
OR
 
[Imaging modality] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an [imaging modality] suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 
===Other Diagnostic Studies===
There are no other diagnostic studies associated with [disease name].
 
OR
 
[Diagnostic study] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 
OR
 
Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
===Medical Therapy===
[[Small intestine cancer medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Small intestine cancer surgery|Surgery]] | [[Small intestine cancer primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Small intestine cancer secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Small intestine cancer cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Small intestine cancer future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
 
OR
 
Supportive therapy for [disease name] includes [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and [therapy 3].
 
OR
 
The majority of cases of [disease name] are self-limited and require only supportive care.
 
OR
 
[Disease name] is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment.
 
OR
 
The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is [therapy].
 
OR
 
The optimal therapy for [malignancy name] depends on the stage at diagnosis.
 
OR
 
[Therapy] is recommended among all patients who develop [disease name].
 
OR
 
Pharmacologic medical therapy is recommended among patients with [disease subclass 1], [disease subclass 2], and [disease subclass 3].
 
OR
 
Pharmacologic medical therapies for [disease name] include (either) [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and/or [therapy 3].
 
OR
 
Empiric therapy for [disease name] depends on [disease factor 1] and [disease factor 2].
 
OR
 
Patients with [disease subclass 1] are treated with [therapy 1], whereas patients with [disease subclass 2] are treated with [therapy 2].
 
===Surgery===
For non-metastatic disease curative surgery gives good results when done in a tertiary care center.<ref name="pmid15274064">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dabaja BS, Suki D, Pro B, Bonnen M, Ajani J |title=Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel: presentation, prognostic factors, and outcome of 217 patients |journal=Cancer |volume=101 |issue=3 |pages=518–26 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15274064 |doi=10.1002/cncr.20404 |url=}}</ref>
 
 
 
 
 
OR
 
Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with [disease name]. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and [indication 3]
 
OR
 
The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and/or [indication 3].
 
OR
 
The feasibility of surgery depends on the stage of [malignancy] at diagnosis.
 
OR
 
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for [disease or malignancy].
 
===Primary Prevention===
There are no established measures for the primary prevention of [disease name].
 
OR
 
There are no available vaccines against [disease name].
 
OR
 
Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
 
OR
 
[Vaccine name] vaccine is recommended for [patient population] to prevent [disease name]. Other primary prevention strategies include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].
 
===Secondary Prevention===
There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].
 
OR
 
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].


==References==
==Case Studies==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Small intestine cancer case study one|Case #1]]


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Latest revision as of 20:28, 26 March 2019

Small intestine cancer Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Small intestine cancer from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural history, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-Ray

CT Scan

MRI

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Qurrat-ul-ain Abid, M.D.[2], Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Small bowel cancer


Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Small Intestine Cancer from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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