Barrett's esophagus epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
* [[Barrett's esophagus]] can be seen in younger [[patients]], but is most commonly diagnosed in [[patients]] ~ 55 years old.
[[Barrett's esophagus]] can be seen in younger [[patients]], but is most commonly diagnosed in [[patients]] ~ 55 years old.
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
* [[Barrett's esophagus]] can be seen in younger [[patients]]<ref name="pmid9309403">{{cite journal| author=Hassall E| title=Columnar-lined esophagus in children. | journal=Gastroenterol Clin North Am | year= 1997 | volume= 26 | issue= 3 | pages= 533-48 | pmid=9309403 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9309403  }} </ref>, but is most commonly diagnosed in [[patients]] ~ 55 years old.<ref name="pmid8705259">{{cite journal |author=Spechler SJ |title=Barrett's esophagus |journal=Semin. Gastrointest. Dis. |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=51–60 |year=1996 |month=April |pmid=8705259 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* This can be seen on [[EGD]] (esophago-gastroduodenoscopy) in ~ 1 % of all [[patients]], but in up to 20 % of those with [[symptoms]] of [[GERD]] [[(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)]]. Although the [[diagnosis]] can be presumed during the [[EGD]], it needs to be confirmed by [[biopsy]].
* It is more common in caucasians, than blacks or Asians. The [[prevalence]] in hispanic [[population]] is unclear, some studies compare it to caucasian [[prevalence]]<ref name="pmid9590419">{{cite journal |author=Bersentes K, Fass R, Padda S, Johnson C, Sampliner RE |title=Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in Hispanics is similar to Caucasians |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=1038–41 |year=1998 |month=May |pmid=9590419 |doi= |url=}}</ref> and other studies show a lower prevalence.<ref name="pmid18978173">{{cite journal |author=Corley DA, Kubo A, Levin TR, ''et al.'' |title=Race, ethnicity, sex and temporal differences in Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis: a large community-based study, 1994-2006 |journal=Gut |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=182–8 |year=2009 |month=February |pmid=18978173 |pmc=2671084 |doi=10.1136/gut.2008.163360 |url=}}</ref>
* It is an [[acquired]] [[condition]], seen in [[children]] but rarely in younger than [[age]] of five.<ref name="pmid9309403">{{cite journal |author=Hassall E |title=Columnar-lined esophagus in children |journal=Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=533–48 |year=1997 |month=September |pmid=9309403 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* More common in [[male]], with a [[male]] to [[female]] [[ratio]] of 1.96:1.<ref name="pmid16221805">{{cite journal |author=Cook MB, Wild CP, Forman D |title=A systematic review and meta-analysis of the sex ratio for Barrett's esophagus, erosive reflux disease, and nonerosive reflux disease |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=162 |issue=11 |pages=1050–61 |year=2005 |month=December |pmid=16221http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Barrett%27s_esophagus_epidemiology_and_demographics&action=edit&section=2805 |doi=10.1093/aje/kwi325 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26414697">{{cite journal| author=Ek WE, Lagergren K, Cook M, Wu AH, Abnet CC, Levine D et al.| title=Polymorphisms in genes in the androgen pathway and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2016 | volume= 138 | issue= 5 | pages= 1146-52 | pmid=26414697 | doi=10.1002/ijc.29863 | pmc=4715576 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26414697  }} </ref>


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
===Incidence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*The [[incidence]] of [[Barrett's esophagus]] is approximately 400 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.<ref name="pmid2387291">{{cite journal| author=Verhaegen J, Glupczynski Y, Verbist L, Blogie M, Vandeven J, Yourassowsky E et al.| title=Capsular types and antibiotic sensitivity of pneumococci isolated from patients with serious infections in Belgium 1980 to 1988. | journal=Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis | year= 1990 | volume= 9 | issue= 6 | pages= 390-5 | pmid=2387291 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2387291  }} </ref>
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.


===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*The [[prevalence]] of [[barrett's esophagus]] is [[approximately]] 2000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide<ref name="pmid27681974">{{cite journal| author=Whiteman DC, Kendall BJ| title=Barrett's oesophagus: epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical management. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 2016 | volume= 205 | issue= 7 | pages= 317-24 | pmid=27681974 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27681974  }} </ref>.
*The [[prevalence]] of [[barrett's esophagus]] is approximately 2000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.<ref name="pmid27681974">{{cite journal| author=Whiteman DC, Kendall BJ| title=Barrett's oesophagus: epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical management. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 2016 | volume= 205 | issue= 7 | pages= 317-24 | pmid=27681974 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27681974  }} </ref>
 
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
*The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].


===Age===
===Age===
*The incidence of [[Barrett's esophagus]] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 55 years<ref name="pmid8705259">{{cite journal |author=Spechler SJ |title=Barrett's esophagus |journal=Semin. Gastrointest. Dis. |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=51–60 |year=1996 |month=April |pmid=8705259 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.
*The incidence of [[Barrett's esophagus]] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 55 years.<ref name="pmid8705259">{{cite journal |author=Spechler SJ |title=Barrett's esophagus |journal=Semin. Gastrointest. Dis. |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=51–60 |year=1996 |month=April |pmid=8705259 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Barrett's esophagus]] hardly affects individuals younger than 5 years of age<ref name="pmid9309403">{{cite journal| author=Hassall E| title=Columnar-lined esophagus in children. | journal=Gastroenterol Clin North Am | year= 1997 | volume= 26 | issue= 3 | pages= 533-48 | pmid=9309403 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9309403  }} </ref>.
*[[Barrett's esophagus]] hardly affects individuals younger than 5 years of age.<ref name="pmid9309403">{{cite journal| author=Hassall E| title=Columnar-lined esophagus in children. | journal=Gastroenterol Clin North Am | year= 1997 | volume= 26 | issue= 3 | pages= 533-48 | pmid=9309403 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9309403  }} </ref>
*[[Barrett's esophagus]] can be seen in younger [[patients]], but is most commonly diagnosed in [[patients]] ~ 55 years old.<ref name="pmid8705259" /><ref name="pmid9309403" />
*It is an [[acquired]] [[condition]], seen in [[children]] but rarely in younger than [[age]] of five.<ref name="pmid9309403" />


===Race===
===Race===
*[[Barrett's esophagus]] usually affects individuals of the Caucasians [[race]]. Blacks and Asians individuals are less likely to develop [[Barrett's esophagus]].
*[[Barrett's esophagus]] usually affects individuals of the Caucasians [[race]]. Blacks and Asians individuals are less likely to develop [[Barrett's esophagus]].<ref name="pmid9590419">{{cite journal |author=Bersentes K, Fass R, Padda S, Johnson C, Sampliner RE |title=Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in Hispanics is similar to Caucasians |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=1038–41 |year=1998 |month=May |pmid=9590419 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18978173">{{cite journal |author=Corley DA, Kubo A, Levin TR, ''et al.'' |title=Race, ethnicity, sex and temporal differences in Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis: a large community-based study, 1994-2006 |journal=Gut |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=182–8 |year=2009 |month=February |pmid=18978173 |pmc=2671084 |doi=10.1136/gut.2008.163360 |url=}}</ref>
*The [[prevalence]] in hispanic [[population]] is unclear, some studies compare it to caucasian [[prevalence]]<ref name="pmid9590419">{{cite journal |author=Bersentes K, Fass R, Padda S, Johnson C, Sampliner RE |title=Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in Hispanics is similar to Caucasians |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=1038–41 |year=1998 |month=May |pmid=9590419 |doi= |url=}}</ref> and other studies show a lower prevalence.<ref name="pmid18978173">{{cite journal |author=Corley DA, Kubo A, Levin TR, ''et al.'' |title=Race, ethnicity, sex and temporal differences in Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis: a large community-based study, 1994-2006 |journal=Gut |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=182–8 |year=2009 |month=February |pmid=18978173 |pmc=2671084 |doi=10.1136/gut.2008.163360 |url=}}</ref>
*The [[prevalence]] in hispanic [[population]] is unclear, some studies compare it to caucasian [[prevalence]] and other studies show a lower prevalence.<ref name="pmid18978173">{{cite journal |author=Corley DA, Kubo A, Levin TR, ''et al.'' |title=Race, ethnicity, sex and temporal differences in Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis: a large community-based study, 1994-2006 |journal=Gut |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=182–8 |year=2009 |month=February |pmid=18978173 |pmc=2671084 |doi=10.1136/gut.2008.163360 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9590419">{{cite journal |author=Bersentes K, Fass R, Padda S, Johnson C, Sampliner RE |title=Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in Hispanics is similar to Caucasians |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=1038–41 |year=1998 |month=May |pmid=9590419 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


===Gender===
===Gender===
*[[Men]] are more commonly affected by [[Barrett's esophagus]] than [[female]]<ref name="pmid26414697">{{cite journal| author=Ek WE, Lagergren K, Cook M, Wu AH, Abnet CC, Levine D et al.| title=Polymorphisms in genes in the androgen pathway and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2016 | volume= 138 | issue= 5 | pages= 1146-52 | pmid=26414697 | doi=10.1002/ijc.29863 | pmc=4715576 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26414697  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16405528">{{cite journal| author=Ward EM, Wolfsen HC, Achem SR, Loeb DS, Krishna M, Hemminger LL et al.| title=Barrett's esophagus is common in older men and women undergoing screening colonoscopy regardless of reflux symptoms. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 2006 | volume= 101 | issue= 1 | pages= 12-7 | pmid=16405528 | doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00379.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16405528  }} </ref>. The [[men]] to [[female]] [[ratio]] is approximately 1.96 to 1<ref name="pmid16221805">{{cite journal| author=Cook MB, Wild CP, Forman D| title=A systematic review and meta-analysis of the sex ratio for Barrett's esophagus, erosive reflux disease, and nonerosive reflux disease. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2005 | volume= 162 | issue= 11 | pages= 1050-61 | pmid=16221805 | doi=10.1093/aje/kwi325 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16221805  }} </ref>.
*[[Males]] are more commonly affected by [[Barrett's esophagus]] than [[females]].<ref name="pmid26414697">{{cite journal| author=Ek WE, Lagergren K, Cook M, Wu AH, Abnet CC, Levine D et al.| title=Polymorphisms in genes in the androgen pathway and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2016 | volume= 138 | issue= 5 | pages= 1146-52 | pmid=26414697 | doi=10.1002/ijc.29863 | pmc=4715576 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26414697  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16405528">{{cite journal| author=Ward EM, Wolfsen HC, Achem SR, Loeb DS, Krishna M, Hemminger LL et al.| title=Barrett's esophagus is common in older men and women undergoing screening colonoscopy regardless of reflux symptoms | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 2006 | volume= 101 | issue= 1 | pages= 12-7 | pmid=16405528 | doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00379.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16405528  }} </ref> The [[male]] to [[female]] [[ratio]] is approximately 1.96 to 1.<ref name="pmid16221805">{{cite journal |author=Cook MB, Wild CP, Forman D |title=A systematic review and meta-analysis of the sex ratio for Barrett's esophagus, erosive reflux disease, and nonerosive reflux disease |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=162 |issue=11 |pages=1050–61 |year=2005 |month=December |pmid=16221http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Barrett%27s_esophagus_epidemiology_and_demographics&action=edit&section=2805 |doi=10.1093/aje/kwi325 |url=}}</ref>


===Region===
===Region===
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
*[[Barrett's esophagus]] is a common disease that tends to affect equally to people in both Asian countries as well as Western countries.<ref name="pmid26260107">{{cite journal| author=Shiota S, Singh S, Anshasi A, El-Serag HB| title=Prevalence of Barrett's Esophagus in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. | journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2015 | volume= 13 | issue= 11 | pages= 1907-18 | pmid=26260107 | doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2015.07.050 | pmc=4615528 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26260107  }} </ref>
 
*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].


===Developed Countries===
===Developed Countries===


* In one of the study in Sweden, it is published that the estimated [[rate]] of [[Barrett's esophagus]] in the general [[population]] was around 1.6 percent<ref name="pmid16344051">{{cite journal| author=Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, Johansson SE, Lind T, Bolling-Sternevald E et al.| title=Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in the general population: an endoscopic study. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2005 | volume= 129 | issue= 6 | pages= 1825-31 | pmid=16344051 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.053 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16344051  }} </ref>.
* In one of the study in Sweden, it is published that the estimated [[rate]] of [[Barrett's esophagus]] in the general [[population]] was around 1.6 percent.<ref name="pmid16344051">{{cite journal| author=Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, Johansson SE, Lind T, Bolling-Sternevald E et al.| title=Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in the general population: an endoscopic study. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2005 | volume= 129 | issue= 6 | pages= 1825-31 | pmid=16344051 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.053 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16344051  }} </ref>
* Based on these data, the estimated [[prevalence]] rate of [[Barrett's esophagus]] in the [[United States]] [[population]], it would be around 3.3 million individuals<ref name="pmid16344076">{{cite journal| author=Sampliner RE| title=A population prevalence of Barrett's esophagus--finally. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2005 | volume= 129 | issue= 6 | pages= 2101-3 | pmid=16344076 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.10.029 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16344076  }} </ref>.
* Based on these data, the estimated [[prevalence]] rate of [[Barrett's esophagus]] in the [[United States]] [[population]], it would be around 3.3 million individuals.<ref name="pmid16344076">{{cite journal| author=Sampliner RE| title=A population prevalence of Barrett's esophagus--finally. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2005 | volume= 129 | issue= 6 | pages= 2101-3 | pmid=16344076 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.10.029 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16344076  }} </ref>


===Developing Countries===
===Developing Countries===
*[[Barrett's esophagus]] is very common in developing countries and it shares the same kind of risk factors and potential towards neoplastic process as compared to those seen in developed countries.<ref name="pmid26260107">{{cite journal| author=Shiota S, Singh S, Anshasi A, El-Serag HB| title=Prevalence of Barrett's Esophagus in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. | journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2015 | volume= 13 | issue= 11 | pages= 1907-18 | pmid=26260107 | doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2015.07.050 | pmc=4615528 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26260107  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 17:13, 21 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amresh Kumar MD [2]

Overview

Barrett's esophagus can be seen in younger patients, but is most commonly diagnosed in patients ~ 55 years old.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

Prevalence

Age

Race

Gender

Region

  • Barrett's esophagus is a common disease that tends to affect equally to people in both Asian countries as well as Western countries.[10]

Developed Countries

Developing Countries

  • Barrett's esophagus is very common in developing countries and it shares the same kind of risk factors and potential towards neoplastic process as compared to those seen in developed countries.[10]

References

  1. Verhaegen J, Glupczynski Y, Verbist L, Blogie M, Vandeven J, Yourassowsky E; et al. (1990). "Capsular types and antibiotic sensitivity of pneumococci isolated from patients with serious infections in Belgium 1980 to 1988". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 9 (6): 390–5. PMID 2387291.
  2. Whiteman DC, Kendall BJ (2016). "Barrett's oesophagus: epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical management". Med J Aust. 205 (7): 317–24. PMID 27681974.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Spechler SJ (1996). "Barrett's esophagus". Semin. Gastrointest. Dis. 7 (2): 51–60. PMID 8705259. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hassall E (1997). "Columnar-lined esophagus in children". Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 26 (3): 533–48. PMID 9309403.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Bersentes K, Fass R, Padda S, Johnson C, Sampliner RE (1998). "Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in Hispanics is similar to Caucasians". Dig. Dis. Sci. 43 (5): 1038–41. PMID 9590419. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. 6.0 6.1 Corley DA, Kubo A, Levin TR; et al. (2009). "Race, ethnicity, sex and temporal differences in Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis: a large community-based study, 1994-2006". Gut. 58 (2): 182–8. doi:10.1136/gut.2008.163360. PMC 2671084. PMID 18978173. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. Ek WE, Lagergren K, Cook M, Wu AH, Abnet CC, Levine D; et al. (2016). "Polymorphisms in genes in the androgen pathway and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma". Int J Cancer. 138 (5): 1146–52. doi:10.1002/ijc.29863. PMC 4715576. PMID 26414697.
  8. Ward EM, Wolfsen HC, Achem SR, Loeb DS, Krishna M, Hemminger LL; et al. (2006). "Barrett's esophagus is common in older men and women undergoing screening colonoscopy regardless of reflux symptoms". Am J Gastroenterol. 101 (1): 12–7. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00379.x. PMID 16405528.
  9. Cook MB, Wild CP, Forman D (2005). "A systematic review and meta-analysis of the sex ratio for Barrett's esophagus, erosive reflux disease, and nonerosive reflux disease". Am. J. Epidemiol. 162 (11): 1050–61. doi:10.1093/aje/kwi325. PMID 16221http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Barrett%27s_esophagus_epidemiology_and_demographics&action=edit&section=2805 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. 10.0 10.1 Shiota S, Singh S, Anshasi A, El-Serag HB (2015). "Prevalence of Barrett's Esophagus in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 13 (11): 1907–18. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2015.07.050. PMC 4615528. PMID 26260107.
  11. Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, Johansson SE, Lind T, Bolling-Sternevald E; et al. (2005). "Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in the general population: an endoscopic study". Gastroenterology. 129 (6): 1825–31. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.053. PMID 16344051.
  12. Sampliner RE (2005). "A population prevalence of Barrett's esophagus--finally". Gastroenterology. 129 (6): 2101–3. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.10.029. PMID 16344076.

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