Femoral hernia physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually remarkable for swelling or lump below the inguinal ligament | Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal. [[Physical examination]] of patients with femoral hernia is usually remarkable for [[swelling]] or [[lump]] below the [[inguinal ligament]]. It is a difficult [[diagnosis]] and maybe impossible to differentiate from [[inguinal hernia]]. If incarceration is present, the [[swelling]] or [[lump]] maybe [[Tenderness|tender]]. | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
*The presence of lump | *The presence of [[lump]] or [[swelling]] below the [[inguinal ligament]] on [[physical examination]] is highly suggestive of femoral hernia.<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21250263">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, Amerson JR |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=21250263 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Appearance of the | ===Appearance of the patient=== | ||
*Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal. | *Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal. | ||
===Vital | ===Vital signs=== | ||
*Vital signs of patients with femoral hernia are usually normal. | *[[Vital signs]] of patients with femoral hernia are usually normal. | ||
*If incarceration is present, the following vital signs maybe present indicating sepsis:<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref> | *If [[Incarcerated hernia|incarceration]] is present, the following [[vital signs]] maybe present indicating [[sepsis]]:<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref> | ||
**Fever | **[[Fever]] | ||
**[[Tachycardia]] with regular pulse | **[[Tachycardia]] with regular [[pulse]] | ||
**Low blood pressure | **[[Low blood pressure]] | ||
===Skin=== | ===Skin=== | ||
*Skin examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | *[[Skin]] examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | ||
===HEENT=== | ===HEENT=== | ||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
===Lungs=== | ===Lungs=== | ||
*Pulmonary examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | *[[Pulmonary]] examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | ||
===Heart=== | ===Heart=== | ||
*Cardiovascular examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | *[[Cardiovascular]] examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | ||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
*Abdominal examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | *[[Abdominal]] examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | ||
*If incarceration is present bowel sounds maybe absent.<ref name="pmid25489584">{{cite journal| author=Yang XF, Liu JL| title=Acute incarcerated external abdominal hernia. | journal=Ann Transl Med | year= 2014 | volume= 2 | issue= 11 | pages= 110 | pmid=25489584 | doi=10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.11.05 | pmc=4245506 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25489584 }} </ref> | *If [[Incarcerated hernia|incarceration]] is present [[bowel]] sounds maybe absent.<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25489584">{{cite journal| author=Yang XF, Liu JL| title=Acute incarcerated external abdominal hernia. | journal=Ann Transl Med | year= 2014 | volume= 2 | issue= 11 | pages= 110 | pmid=25489584 | doi=10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.11.05 | pmc=4245506 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25489584 }} </ref> | ||
===Back=== | ===Back=== | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
===Genitourinary=== | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
*Swelling | *[[Swelling]] or [[lump]] may be present below the [[inguinal ligament]].<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21250263">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, Amerson JR |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=21250263 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*If incarceration is present the palpable swelling below the inguinal ligament may be tender.<ref name="pmid25489584">{{cite journal| author=Yang XF, Liu JL| title=Acute incarcerated external abdominal hernia. | journal=Ann Transl Med | year= 2014 | volume= 2 | issue= 11 | pages= 110 | pmid=25489584 | doi=10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.11.05 | pmc=4245506 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25489584 }} </ref> | *If [[Incarcerated hernia|incarceration]] is present the palpable [[swelling]] below the [[inguinal ligament]] may be [[Tenderness|tender]].<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25489584">{{cite journal| author=Yang XF, Liu JL| title=Acute incarcerated external abdominal hernia. | journal=Ann Transl Med | year= 2014 | volume= 2 | issue= 11 | pages= 110 | pmid=25489584 | doi=10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.11.05 | pmc=4245506 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25489584 }} </ref> | ||
===Neuromuscular=== | ===Neuromuscular=== | ||
* Neuromuscular examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | * [[Neuromuscular]] examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | ||
===Extremities=== | ===Extremities=== | ||
* | * Examination of extremities of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Surgery]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category: (name of the system)]] | [[Category: (name of the system)]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:31, 15 February 2018
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Femoral hernia physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Femoral hernia physical examination |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Femoral hernia physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]
Overview
Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually remarkable for swelling or lump below the inguinal ligament. It is a difficult diagnosis and maybe impossible to differentiate from inguinal hernia. If incarceration is present, the swelling or lump maybe tender.
Physical Examination
- The presence of lump or swelling below the inguinal ligament on physical examination is highly suggestive of femoral hernia.[1][2]
Appearance of the patient
- Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal.
Vital signs
- Vital signs of patients with femoral hernia are usually normal.
- If incarceration is present, the following vital signs maybe present indicating sepsis:[1]
- Fever
- Tachycardia with regular pulse
- Low blood pressure
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Abdomen
- Abdominal examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
- If incarceration is present bowel sounds maybe absent.[1][3]
Back
- Back examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- Swelling or lump may be present below the inguinal ligament.[1][2]
- If incarceration is present the palpable swelling below the inguinal ligament may be tender.[1][3]
Neuromuscular
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Extremities
- Examination of extremities of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA (2015). "Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults". N Engl J Med. 372 (8): 756–63. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1404068. PMID 25693015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, Amerson JR. PMID 21250263. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Yang XF, Liu JL (2014). "Acute incarcerated external abdominal hernia". Ann Transl Med. 2 (11): 110. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.11.05. PMC 4245506. PMID 25489584.