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==Overview==
'''Natural history and management of refractory benign esophageal strictures.'''
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].


OR
'''Natural history and management of refractory benign esophageal strictures'''


Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
'''Peptic esophageal stricture: is surgery still necessary?'''


OR
'''Predictor of massive bleeding following stent placement for malignant oesophageal stricture/fistulae: a multicentre study'''


The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
'''Complications of esophageal stricture dilation'''


OR
'''Over time, the damage caused by stomach acid can scar the lining of the esophagus.When this scar tissue builds up, it makes the esophagus narrow. Called strictures, these narrow spots make it hard to swallow food and drinks, which can lead to weight lossand dehydration. medscape'''


The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click [[Pericarditis causes#Overview|here]].
'''Refractory Esophageal Strictures: What To Do When Dilation Fails'''
* https://www.uptodate.com/contents/esophageal-stricture-the-basics?source=search_result&search=esophageal+stricture&selectedTitle=4%7E137    for patient inforamtion
medscape:


==Causes==
* Reinforce the need for patients with esophageal stricture to comply with the usual antireflux precautions and lifestyle modifications.
===Life-threatening Causes===
* Encourage weight loss.
*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of esophageal stricture, however complications resulting from untreated esophageal stricture is common.
* Patients are told to eat smaller meals, avoid eating in a hurried fashion, and chew their food well.
===Common Causes===
* Ill-fitting dentures or poor dentition should be corrected if possible.
Esophageal stricture may be caused by:<ref name="pmid8338082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marks RD, Richter JE |title=Peptic strictures of the esophagus |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=88 |issue=8 |pages=1160–73 |year=1993 |pmid=8338082 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Educate all patients with esophageal stricture about avoiding medications known to cause esophagitis, including over-the-counter medications such as aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
*Gastroesophageal reflux disease
* Inform all patients that the stricture recurrence rate for esophageal stricture is higher if they are noncompliant with PPI therapy.
*Previous surgery on the esophagus, postsurgical resection for esophageal or laryngeal cancer
* For patient education resources, see  Heartburn and GERD Center and Digestive Disorders Center, as well as  Acid Reflux (GERD) and  Heartburn.
*Surgical anastomosis
*Radiation therapy for thoracic or head and neck tumors
*Esophageal sclerotherapy
*Swallowing a substance that harms the esophagus, such as household cleaners, lye, or disc-shaped batteries,   caustic ingestions
*Treatment for esophageal varices (enlarged veins in the esophagus)
*Cancer
*An allergic condition called "[[eosinophilic esophagitis]]"
*Drug-induced stricture:
**Aspirin and anti-inflammatory agents<ref name="pmid6825537">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kikendall JW, Friedman AC, Oyewole MA, Fleischer D, Johnson LF |title=Pill-induced esophageal injury. Case reports and review of the medical literature |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=174–82 |year=1983 |pmid=6825537 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**Tetracycline
**Doxycycline
**Clindamycin
**Bisphosphonates
**Potassium chloride
**Quinidine preparations
**Iron compounds
**Emepronium
**Aalprenolol
**Pinaverium 
*External compression of the esophagus due to mediastinal fibrosis induced by tuberculosis or idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis
*increased esophageal acid exposure (eg, systemic sclerosis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, nasogastric tube placement, and after Heller myotomy for achalasia)
 
 
OR
 
 
*[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
*[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
 
===Less Common Causes===
Less common causes of esophageal stricture include:
* [[Dyskeratosis congenita|Dyskeratosis congenita (DC)]]
*Rare dermatologic diseases (eg, [[epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]])<ref name="pmid27384758">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guerra-Leal JD, Meester I, Cantu-Gonzalez JR, Ornelas-Cortinas G, Montemayor-Martinez A, Salas-Alanis JC |title=The Importance of Esophagography in Patients With Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume= |issue= |pages=1–4 |year=2016 |pmid=27384758 |doi=10.2214/AJR.16.16115 |url=}}</ref>
*[Cause3]
 
===Genetic Causes===
*[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
 
===Causes by Organ System===
 
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
|-
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|}
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
{{columns-list|3|
* Cause 1
* Cause 2
* Cause 3
* Cause 4
* Cause 5
* Cause 6
* Cause 7
* Cause 8
* Cause 9
* Cause 10
}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

Latest revision as of 19:21, 9 November 2017


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2]


Natural history and management of refractory benign esophageal strictures.

Natural history and management of refractory benign esophageal strictures

Peptic esophageal stricture: is surgery still necessary?

Predictor of massive bleeding following stent placement for malignant oesophageal stricture/fistulae: a multicentre study

Complications of esophageal stricture dilation

Over time, the damage caused by stomach acid can scar the lining of the esophagus.When this scar tissue builds up, it makes the esophagus narrow. Called strictures, these narrow spots make it hard to swallow food and drinks, which can lead to weight lossand dehydration. medscape

Refractory Esophageal Strictures: What To Do When Dilation Fails

medscape:

  • Reinforce the need for patients with esophageal stricture to comply with the usual antireflux precautions and lifestyle modifications.
  • Encourage weight loss.
  • Patients are told to eat smaller meals, avoid eating in a hurried fashion, and chew their food well.
  • Ill-fitting dentures or poor dentition should be corrected if possible.
  • Educate all patients with esophageal stricture about avoiding medications known to cause esophagitis, including over-the-counter medications such as aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  • Inform all patients that the stricture recurrence rate for esophageal stricture is higher if they are noncompliant with PPI therapy.
  • For patient education resources, see  Heartburn and GERD Center and Digestive Disorders Center, as well as  Acid Reflux (GERD) and  Heartburn.

References

Template:WH Template:WS

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