Microsporidiosis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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{{Microsporidiosis}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Microsporidia are being increasingly recognized as opportunistic infectious agents worldwide.
The overall [[prevalence]] is not accurately estimated especially in the whole population (because microsporidiosis is usually investigated in [[Immunocompromised|immunocompromised patients]] with correlating [[gastrointestinal tract]] symptoms to microsporidiosis). The disease is present all over the world. In [[HIV]] patients with [[diarrhea]], the [[prevalence]] of microsporidiosis was 39% being the most common isolated organism.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
Microsporidiosis occur in humans worldwide, with a prevalence ranging from 0 and 50%, depending on the geographic location and demographic characteristics of the population involved. Prevalence rates tend to be highest among HIV-infected individuals with diarrhea and with a CD4+ T cells less than 100 cells/mm3 blood.<ref name="pmid16940873">{{cite journal| author=Didier ES, Weiss LM| title=Microsporidiosis: current status. | journal=Curr Opin Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 485-92 | pmid=16940873 | doi=10.1097/01.qco.0000244055.46382.23 | pmc=3109650 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16940873  }} </ref>
===Prevalence:===
Cases of microsporidiosis have been reported in developed and developing countries and among immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals. Microsporidiosis has been reported in South America, Asia, and Africa where antiretroviral therapies are not readily accessible in HIV-infected patients with AIDS and it has also been seen in non-HIV infected persons such as travelers, children, the elderly and organ transplant recipients.<ref name="pmid16940873">{{cite journal| author=Didier ES, Weiss LM| title=Microsporidiosis: current status. | journal=Curr Opin Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 485-92 | pmid=16940873 | doi=10.1097/01.qco.0000244055.46382.23 | pmc=3109650 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16940873  }} </ref>
*The overall [[prevalence]] is not accurately estimated especially in the whole population (because microsporidiosis is usually investigated in [[Immunocompromised|immunocompromised patients]] with correlating [[gastrointestinal tract]] symptoms to microsporidiosis).<ref name="pmid7942725">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kotler DP, Orenstein JM |title=Prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-infected individuals referred for gastroenterological evaluation |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=89 |issue=11 |pages=1998–2002 |year=1994 |pmid=7942725 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlCDC - DPDx - Microsporidiosis">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/microsporidiosis/index.html |title=CDC - DPDx - Microsporidiosis |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*In [[HIV]] patients with [[diarrhea]], the [[prevalence]] of microsporidiosis was 39% being the most common isolated organism.
 
=== Case fatality rate: ===
* The [[Mortality rate|case-fatality rate]] of intestinal microsporidiosis is approximately 56% among [[HIV]] patients.
 
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to the microsporidiosis.<ref name="pmid16940873">{{cite journal| author=Didier ES, Weiss LM| title=Microsporidiosis: current status. | journal=Curr Opin Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 485-92 | pmid=16940873 | doi=10.1097/01.qco.0000244055.46382.23 | pmc=3109650 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16940873  }} </ref>
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop microsporidiosis.<ref name="pmid16940873">{{cite journal| author=Didier ES, Weiss LM| title=Microsporidiosis: current status. | journal=Curr Opin Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 485-92 | pmid=16940873 | doi=10.1097/01.qco.0000244055.46382.23 | pmc=3109650 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16940873  }} </ref>
===Sex===
*Males and females are affected equally by microsporidiosis.<ref name="pmid16940873">{{cite journal| author=Didier ES, Weiss LM| title=Microsporidiosis: current status. | journal=Curr Opin Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 485-92 | pmid=16940873 | doi=10.1097/01.qco.0000244055.46382.23 | pmc=3109650 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16940873  }} </ref>
===Geographic distribution===
*Microsporidiosis infections occur worldwide with no geographic predilection.<ref name="urlCDC - DPDx - Microsporidiosis">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/microsporidiosis/index.html |title=CDC - DPDx - Microsporidiosis |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


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==References==
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Latest revision as of 22:43, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2] Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [3]

Overview

The overall prevalence is not accurately estimated especially in the whole population (because microsporidiosis is usually investigated in immunocompromised patients with correlating gastrointestinal tract symptoms to microsporidiosis). The disease is present all over the world. In HIV patients with diarrhea, the prevalence of microsporidiosis was 39% being the most common isolated organism.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence:

Case fatality rate:

Race

  • There is no racial predilection to the microsporidiosis.[3]

Age

  • Patients of all age groups may develop microsporidiosis.[3]

Sex

  • Males and females are affected equally by microsporidiosis.[3]

Geographic distribution

  • Microsporidiosis infections occur worldwide with no geographic predilection.[2]

References

  1. Kotler DP, Orenstein JM (1994). "Prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-infected individuals referred for gastroenterological evaluation". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 89 (11): 1998–2002. PMID 7942725.
  2. 2.0 2.1 "CDC - DPDx - Microsporidiosis".
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Didier ES, Weiss LM (2006). "Microsporidiosis: current status". Curr Opin Infect Dis. 19 (5): 485–92. doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000244055.46382.23. PMC 3109650. PMID 16940873.