Transitional cell carcinoma natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Transitional cell carcinoma}} | {{Transitional cell carcinoma}} | ||
{{CMG}};{{AE}} {{PSK}} | {{CMG}};{{AE}} {{PSK}}{{Anum}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common [[complications]] of transitional cell carcinoma include [[metastasis]], [[anemia]], [[hydronephrosis]], [[urethral stricture]], and [[urinary incontinence]]. Depending on the stage and grade of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the [[prognosis]] of transitional cell carcinoma may vary. However, the 5-year [[survival rate]] of patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma is approximately 77.5% and of patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma is approximately 75%. | Common [[complications]] of transitional cell carcinoma include [[metastasis]], [[anemia]], [[hydronephrosis]], [[urethral stricture]], and [[urinary incontinence]]. Depending on the stage and grade of the tumor at the time of [[diagnosis]], the [[prognosis]] of transitional cell carcinoma may vary. However, the 5-year [[survival rate]] of patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma is approximately 77.5% and of patients with upper [[urinary tract]] transitional cell carcinoma is approximately 75%. | ||
==Complications== | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ||
===Complications=== | |||
Common [[complications]] of transitional cell carcinoma include: | Common [[complications]] of transitional cell carcinoma include: | ||
*[[Metastasis]] | *[[Metastasis]] | ||
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*[[Urinary incontinence]] | *[[Urinary incontinence]] | ||
==Prognosis== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
===Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder=== | ===Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder=== | ||
* Based on data from 2005-2011, the 5-year survival rate of patients with [[bladder cancer]] is approximately 77.4%.<ref name="seer">Bladder Cancer. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 2015.http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html </ref> | * Based on data from 2005-2011, the 5-year [[Survival rates|survival rate]] of patients with [[bladder cancer]] is approximately 77.4%.<ref name="pmid11025695">{{cite journal| author=Munoz JJ, Ellison LM| title=Upper tract urothelial neoplasms: incidence and survival during the last 2 decades. | journal=J Urol | year= 2000 | volume= 164 | issue= 5 | pages= 1523-5 | pmid=11025695 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11025695 }} </ref><ref name="seer">Bladder Cancer. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 2015.http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html </ref> | ||
* Between 2004 and 2010, the 5-year relative survival of patients with [[bladder cancer]] was 79.1%.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> | * Between 2004 and 2010, the 5-year relative [[Survival rates|survival]] of patients with [[bladder cancer]] was 79.1%.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> | ||
* When stratified by age, the 5-year relative survival of patients with [[bladder cancer]] was 83.8% and 74.1% for patients <65 and ≥ 65 years of age respectively.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> | * When stratified by age, the 5-year relative [[Survival rate|survival]] of patients with [[bladder cancer]] was 83.8% and 74.1% for patients <65 and ≥ 65 years of age respectively.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> | ||
* The survival of patients with bladder cancer varies with the stage of the disease. Shown below is a table depicting the 5-year relative survival by the stage of bladder cancer:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> | * The survival of patients with bladder cancer varies with the stage of the disease. Shown below is a table depicting the 5-year relative survival by the stage of bladder cancer:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> | ||
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* Shown below is an image depicting the 5-year conditional relative survival (probability of surviving in the next 5-years given the cohort has already survived 0, 1, 3 years) between 2004 and 2010 of bladder cancer by stage at diagnosis according to [[SEER]]. These graphs are adapted from [[SEER]]: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> | * Shown below is an image depicting the 5-year conditional relative survival (probability of surviving in the next 5-years given the cohort has already survived 0, 1, 3 years) between 2004 and 2010 of bladder cancer by stage at diagnosis according to [[SEER]]. These graphs are adapted from [[SEER]]: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> | ||
[[Image:Survival in bladder cancer in USA.PNG|5-year conditional relative survival (probability of surviving in the next 5-years given the cohort has already survived 0, 1, 3 years) between 2004 and 2010 of bladder cancer by stage at diagnosis according to [[SEER]].]] | [[Image: Survival in bladder cancer in USA.PNG|5-year conditional relative survival (probability of surviving in the next 5-years given the cohort has already survived 0, 1, 3 years) between 2004 and 2010 of bladder cancer by stage at diagnosis according to [[SEER]].]] | ||
===Transitional cell carcinoma of upper urinary tract=== | ===Transitional cell carcinoma of upper urinary tract=== | ||
*Depending on the stage and grade of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the [[prognosis]] may vary. However, the 5-year survival rate of patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma is approximately 75%.<ref name="pmid11025695">{{cite journal| author=Munoz JJ, Ellison LM| title=Upper tract urothelial neoplasms: incidence and survival during the last 2 decades. | journal=J Urol | year= 2000 | volume= 164 | issue= 5 | pages= 1523-5 | pmid=11025695 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11025695 }} </ref> | *Depending on the stage and grade of the tumor at the time of [[diagnosis]], the [[prognosis]] may vary. However, the 5-year [[survival rate]] of patients with upper [[urinary tract]] transitional cell carcinoma is approximately 75%.<ref name="pmid11025695">{{cite journal| author=Munoz JJ, Ellison LM| title=Upper tract urothelial neoplasms: incidence and survival during the last 2 decades. | journal=J Urol | year= 2000 | volume= 164 | issue= 5 | pages= 1523-5 | pmid=11025695 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11025695 }} </ref> | ||
*The major prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis of upper tract transitional cell cancer is the depth of infiltration into or through the uroepithelial wall. | *The major prognostic factor at the time of [[diagnosis]] of upper tract transitional cell cancer is the depth of [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] into or through the uroepithelial wall. | ||
*Most superficial tumors are likely to be well differentiated, while infiltrative tumors are likely to be poorly differentiated.<ref name= NIH>Transitional cell cancer. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq#section/_1</ref> | *Most superficial tumors are likely to be well-differentiated, while infiltrative tumors are likely to be poorly differentiated.<ref name="NIH">Transitional cell cancer. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq#section/_1</ref> | ||
*They are curable in more than 90% of patients if they are superficial and confined to the renal pelvis or ureter. | *They are curable in more than 90% of patients if they are superficial and confined to the [[renal pelvis]] or [[ureter]]. | ||
*Patients with deeply invasive tumors that are still confined to the [[renal pelvis]] or [[ureter]] have a 10% to 15% likelihood of cure. | *Patients with deeply invasive tumors that are still confined to the [[renal pelvis]] or [[ureter]] have a 10% to 15% likelihood of cure. | ||
*Patients with tumors with penetration through the urothelial wall or with distant [[metastases]] usually cannot be cured with currently available forms of treatment. | *Patients with tumors with penetration through the urothelial wall or with distant [[metastases]] usually cannot be cured with currently available forms of [[Treatment IND|treatment]]. | ||
*When involvement of the upper urinary tract is diffuse (involving both the renal pelvis and ureter), the likelihood of subsequent development of [[bladder cancer]] increases to 75%. | *When involvement of the upper [[urinary tract]] is diffuse (involving both the renal pelvis and ureter), the likelihood of subsequent development of [[bladder cancer]] increases to 75%. | ||
*[[DNA]] ploidy has not added significant prognostic information beyond that provided by stage and grade. | *[[DNA]] ploidy has not added significant prognostic information beyond that provided by stage and grade. | ||
Latest revision as of 17:20, 11 November 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Suveenkrishna Pothuru, M.B,B.S. [2] Anum Gull M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Common complications of transitional cell carcinoma include metastasis, anemia, hydronephrosis, urethral stricture, and urinary incontinence. Depending on the stage and grade of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis of transitional cell carcinoma may vary. However, the 5-year survival rate of patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma is approximately 77.5% and of patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma is approximately 75%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Complications
Common complications of transitional cell carcinoma include:
Prognosis
Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder
- Based on data from 2005-2011, the 5-year survival rate of patients with bladder cancer is approximately 77.4%.[1][2]
- Between 2004 and 2010, the 5-year relative survival of patients with bladder cancer was 79.1%.[3]
- When stratified by age, the 5-year relative survival of patients with bladder cancer was 83.8% and 74.1% for patients <65 and ≥ 65 years of age respectively.[3]
- The survival of patients with bladder cancer varies with the stage of the disease. Shown below is a table depicting the 5-year relative survival by the stage of bladder cancer:[3]
Stage | 5-year relative survival (%), (2004-2010) |
All stages | 77.4% |
In situ | 96.2% |
Localized | 69.2% |
Regional | 33.7% |
Distant | 5.5% |
Unstaged | 48.7% |
- Shown below is an image depicting the 5-year conditional relative survival (probability of surviving in the next 5-years given the cohort has already survived 0, 1, 3 years) between 2004 and 2010 of bladder cancer by stage at diagnosis according to SEER. These graphs are adapted from SEER: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.[3]
Transitional cell carcinoma of upper urinary tract
- Depending on the stage and grade of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the 5-year survival rate of patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma is approximately 75%.[1]
- The major prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis of upper tract transitional cell cancer is the depth of infiltration into or through the uroepithelial wall.
- Most superficial tumors are likely to be well-differentiated, while infiltrative tumors are likely to be poorly differentiated.[4]
- They are curable in more than 90% of patients if they are superficial and confined to the renal pelvis or ureter.
- Patients with deeply invasive tumors that are still confined to the renal pelvis or ureter have a 10% to 15% likelihood of cure.
- Patients with tumors with penetration through the urothelial wall or with distant metastases usually cannot be cured with currently available forms of treatment.
- When involvement of the upper urinary tract is diffuse (involving both the renal pelvis and ureter), the likelihood of subsequent development of bladder cancer increases to 75%.
- DNA ploidy has not added significant prognostic information beyond that provided by stage and grade.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Munoz JJ, Ellison LM (2000). "Upper tract urothelial neoplasms: incidence and survival during the last 2 decades". J Urol. 164 (5): 1523–5. PMID 11025695.
- ↑ Bladder Cancer. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 2015.http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.
- ↑ Transitional cell cancer. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq#section/_1