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| __NOTOC__
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| {{SI}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| {{SK}}; NL, neonatal lupus
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| == Overview ==
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| Neonatal lupus (NL) is an autoimmune disease of neonates that results from passive transfer of autoantibodies from the mother to the fetus. It occurs in about 1 to 2 percent of babies born to mothers with autoimmune disease, primarily systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome, and antibodies to SSA/Ro and/or SSB/La.<ref name="pmid20012231">{{cite journal| author=Brucato A, Cimaz R, Caporali R, Ramoni V, Buyon J| title=Pregnancy outcomes in patients with autoimmune diseases and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. | journal=Clin Rev Allergy Immunol | year= 2011 | volume= 40 | issue= 1 | pages= 27-41 | pmid=20012231 | doi=10.1007/s12016-009-8190-6 | pmc=PMC3558034 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20012231 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19852749">{{cite journal| author=Buyon JP| title=Updates on lupus and pregnancy. | journal=Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis | year= 2009 | volume= 67 | issue= 3 | pages= 271-5 | pmid=19852749 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19852749 }} </ref>. It is characterized by cutaneous, cardiac or rarely both clinical manifestations.
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| ==Historical Perspective==
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| ==Classification==
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| == Pathophysiology==
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| Neonatal lupus (NL) is presumed to result from transplacental passage of maternal anti-SSA/Ro and/or anti-SSB/La antibodies. The precise mechanism of injury to specific tissues, such as the skin and heart, is not known. In addition to the traditional Ro antigen of 60kD, another antigen of 52kD has been identified. Whether this second antigen is really “Ro” remains controversial since the Ro52 does not contain an RNA binding domain. Antibodies with a specificity for the 52 kD component of the SSA/Ro protein (Ro52) are more frequently found and are present at higher concentrations in the serum of children with congenital heart block (CHB) and their mothers.<ref name="pmid8216420">{{cite journal| author=Buyon JP, Winchester RJ, Slade SG, Arnett F, Copel J, Friedman D et al.| title=Identification of mothers at risk for congenital heart block and other neonatal lupus syndromes in their children. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot for measurement of anti-SS-A/Ro and anti-SS-B/La antibodies. | journal=Arthritis Rheum | year= 1993 | volume= 36 | issue= 9 | pages= 1263-73 | pmid=8216420 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8216420 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7774062">{{cite journal| author=Silverman ED, Buyon J, Laxer RM, Hamilton R, Bini P, Chu JL et al.| title=Autoantibody response to the Ro/La particle may predict outcome in neonatal lupus erythematosus. | journal=Clin Exp Immunol | year= 1995 | volume= 100 | issue= 3 | pages= 499-505 | pmid=7774062 | doi= | pmc=PMC1534456 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7774062 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12115229">{{cite journal| author=Salomonsson S, Dörner T, Theander E, Bremme K, Larsson P, Wahren-Herlenius M| title=A serologic marker for fetal risk of congenital heart block. | journal=Arthritis Rheum | year= 2002 | volume= 46 | issue= 5 | pages= 1233-41 | pmid=12115229 | doi=10.1002/art.10232 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12115229 }} </ref>
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| === Genetics ===
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| === Associated Conditions===
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| ===Gross Pathology===
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| ===Microscopic Pathology===
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| ==Causes==
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| ===Life Threatening Causes===
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| Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
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| ===Common Causes===
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| ===Causes by Organ System===
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| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Opthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |}
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| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
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| *A...
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| *Z...
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| Make sure that each diagnosis is linked to a page.
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| ==Differentiating type page name here from other Diseases==
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| == Epidemiology and Demographics ==
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| ===Age===
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| ===Gender===
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| ===Race===
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| ===Developed Countries===
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| ===Developing Countries===
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| == Risk Factors ==
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| == Screening ==
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| == Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
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| == Diagnosis ==
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| ===History===
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| A directed history should be obtained to ascertain
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| === Symptoms ===
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| "Type symptom here" is pathognomonic of the "type disease name here".
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| "Type non specific symptoms" may be present.
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| ===Past Medical History===
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| ===Family History===
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| ===Social History===
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| ====Occupational====
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| ====Alcohol====
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| The frequency and amount of alcohol consumption should be characterized.
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| ====Drug Use====
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| ====Smoking====
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| ===Allergies===
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| === Physical Examination ===
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| ==== Appearance of the Patient ====
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| ====Vital Signs====
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| ====Skin====
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| ====Head====
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| ==== Eyes ====
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| ==== Ear ====
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| ====Nose====
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| ====Mouth====
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| ====Throat ====
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| ==== Heart ====
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| ==== Lungs ====
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| ==== Abdomen ====
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| ==== Extremities ====
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| ==== Neurologic ====
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| ====Genitals====
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| ==== Other ====
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| === Laboratory Findings ===
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| ==== Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies ====
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| ==== Electrocardiogram ====
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| ==== Chest X Ray ====
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| ====CT ====
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| ==== MRI ====
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| ==== Echocardiography or Ultrasound ====
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| ==== Other Imaging Findings ====
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| === Other Diagnostic Studies ===
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| == Treatment ==
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| === Pharmacotherapy ===
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| ==== Acute Pharmacotherapies ====
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| ==== Chronic Pharmacotherapies ====
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| === Surgery and Device Based Therapy ===
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| ==== Indications for Surgery ====
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| ==== Pre-Operative Assessment ====
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| ==== Post-Operative Management ====
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| ==== Transplantation ====
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| === Primary Prevention ===
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| === Secondary Prevention ===
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| === Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy ===
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| === Future or Investigational Therapies ===
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
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| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
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| [[Category:Disease]]
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| [[Category:Help]]
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