Unstable angina / non ST elevation myocardial infarction diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_Disease
| Name          = Unstable angina pectoris
| Image          = Coronary thrombosis 3.jpg
| Caption        = Plaque rupture in a coronary artery at arrows yielding obstructive thrombus in red.  <br> <small> [http://www.peir.net Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
| DiseasesDB    = 8695
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|I|20||i|20}}
| ICD9          = {{ICD9|413}}
| ICDO          =
| OMIM          =
| MedlinePlus    =
| eMedicineSubj  = med
| eMedicineTopic = 133
| MeshID        = D000787
}}
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'''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}
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'''Synonyms and related keywords''': progressive angina, crescendo angina, accelerating angina, new-onset angina, pre-infarction angina, unstable angina pectoris, UAP, UA
==Diagnosis of Unstable Angina Pectoris==
=== Laboratory Findings ===
==== Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies ====
If there is an elevation of a marker of [[myocardial necrosis]] ([[CK-MB]] or [[troponin]]), then the patient does not have unstable angina, but instead has a syndrome of either [[ST elevation MI]] or [[Non ST elevation MI]] depending upon the EKG changes.
=== Electrocardiogram ===
The resting electrocardiogram may show either
* No changes
* Non specific ST T wave changes
* Flipped or inverted [[T wave]]s
* ST Depression as shown below. ST depression carries the poorest prognosis. Greater magnitudes of downsloping ST depression are associated with a poorer prognosis.
[[image:unstable-angina.jpg|framed|center|400px|ST Depression in a patient with unstable angina]]
=== Chest X Ray ===
A chest X-ray is critical to aid in the exclusion of [[aortic dissection]]. A [[mediastinal mass]] consistent with a cancer may be present, but it is unlikely to present with a syndrome of accelerating chest pain. The [[chest X ray]] is critical in assessing for the presence of [[pulmonary edema]] or [[congestive heart failure]] which requires urgent treatment and confers a poorer prognosis.
===Echocardiography===
Segmental wall motion abnormalities can occur within minutes of coronary artery occlusion and can be useful in establishing that the pain is of cardiac origin and in determining the myocardial territory that is at risk.
===Coronary Angiography===
An early invasive strategy including coronary angiography may be required if aggressive medical therapy fails to stabilize the patient, if prior revascularization procedures have been performed, in the presence of recurrent angina, and in the presence of abnormal non-invasive test results.
==ACC / AHA Guidelines- Identification of Patients at Risk of UA/NSTEMI (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid17692738">{{cite journal |author=Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, ''et al'' |title=ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine |journal=JACC |volume=50 |issue=7 |pages=e1–e157 |year=2007 |month=August |pmid=17692738 |doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.013 |url=}}</ref>==
{{cquote| 
===Class I===
1. [[Primary care provider]]s should evaluate the presence and status of control of major risk factors for [[coronary heart disease]] ([[CHD]]) for all patients at regular intervals (approximately every 3 to 5 years). ''(Level of Evidence: C)''
2. Ten-year risk (National Cholesterol Education Program global risk) of developing symptomatic [[CHD]] should be calculated for all patients who have 2 or more major risk factors to assess the need for primary prevention strategies (2,3). ''(Level of Evidence: B)''
3. Patients with established [[CHD]] should be identified for secondary prevention efforts, and patients with a [[CHD]] risk equivalent (e.g., [[atherosclerosis]] in other vascular beds, [[diabetes mellitus]], chronic [[kidney disease]], or 10-year risk greater than 20% as calculated by Framingham equations) should receive equally intensive risk factor intervention as those with clinically apparent [[CHD]]. ''(Level of Evidence: A)''}}
==See Also==
* [[The Living Guidelines: UA/NSTEMI | The UA / NSTEMI Living Guidelines: Vote on current recommendations and suggest revisions to the guidelines]]
* [[The Living Guidelines: UA/NSTEMI]]
* [[Chronic stable angina]]
* [[Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction]]
* [[ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction]]
==Sources==
*The ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction <ref name="pmid17692738">{{cite journal |author=Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, ''et al'' |title=ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine |journal=JACC |volume=50 |issue=7 |pages=e1–e157 |year=2007 |month=August |pmid=17692738 |doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.013 |url=}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 20:43, 11 April 2011

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