Ancylostomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
{{Ancylostomiasis}}
{{CMG}}  {{AE}} {{Kalpana Giri}}
==Overview==
The majority of the [[infected]] [[patients]] remain [[asymptomatic]]. The symptoms of [[ancylostomiasis]] typically develop by [[direct contact]] of the [[skin]] with [[contaminated soil]] and the [[fecal-oral route]]. The most common complications include: [[iron deficiency anemia]], in child: [[intellectual]] and [[cognitive]] [[development]], in pregnant women: [[severe anemia]], [[impaired growth]], [[severe anemia]], [[premature birth]], [[neonatal anemia]]. Prognosis is generally [[excellent]] with [[proper treatment]].
==Natural History==
==Natural History==
The symptoms of [[ancylostomiasis]] typically develop by [[direct contact]] of the [[skin]] with [[contaminated soil]] and the [[fecal-oral route]].<ref name="pmid31622567">{{cite journal| author=Ronquillo AC, Puelles LB, Espinoza LP, Sánchez VA, Luis Pinto Valdivia J| title=Ancylostoma duodenale as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report. | journal=Braz J Infect Dis | year= 2019 | volume= 23 | issue= 6 | pages= 471-473 | pmid=31622567 | doi=10.1016/j.bjid.2019.09.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31622567  }} </ref>
The symptoms of [[ancylostomiasis]] typically develop by [[direct contact]] of the [[skin]] with [[contaminated soil]] and the [[fecal-oral route]].<ref name="pmid31622567">{{cite journal| author=Ronquillo AC, Puelles LB, Espinoza LP, Sánchez VA, Luis Pinto Valdivia J| title=Ancylostoma duodenale as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report. | journal=Braz J Infect Dis | year= 2019 | volume= 23 | issue= 6 | pages= 471-473 | pmid=31622567 | doi=10.1016/j.bjid.2019.09.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31622567  }} </ref>
Line 7: Line 15:
*[[Iron deficiency anemia]] due to [[chronic blood loss]]
*[[Iron deficiency anemia]] due to [[chronic blood loss]]
Children with moderate and heavy intensity hookworm infections include:<ref name="pmid25821189">{{cite journal| author=Blair P, Diemert D| title=Update on prevention and treatment of intestinal helminth infections. | journal=Curr Infect Dis Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 17 | issue= 3 | pages= 465 | pmid=25821189 | doi=10.1007/s11908-015-0465-x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25821189  }} </ref>
Children with moderate and heavy intensity hookworm infections include:<ref name="pmid25821189">{{cite journal| author=Blair P, Diemert D| title=Update on prevention and treatment of intestinal helminth infections. | journal=Curr Infect Dis Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 17 | issue= 3 | pages= 465 | pmid=25821189 | doi=10.1007/s11908-015-0465-x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25821189  }} </ref>
*[[impaired growth]]  
*[[Impaired growth]]  
*deficits in [[intellectual]] and [[cognitive]] [[development]].
*deficits in [[intellectual]] and [[cognitive]] [[development]].
Women especially pregnant infected with hookworms include:  
Women especially pregnant infected with hookworms include:  
*[[severe anemia]]
*[[Severe anemia]]
*increased [[maternal morbidity]] and [[mortality]]
*Increased [[maternal morbidity]] and [[mortality]]
*[[premature birth]]
*[[Premature birth]]
*[[neonatal anemia]]
*[[Neonatal anemia]]
 
==Prognosis==
Prognosis is generally [[excellent]] with [[proper treatment]] and [[mortality rate]] in the [[tropics]] is approximately 50-60,000 deaths per year. It causes significant [[morbidity]] in the form of [[chronic anemia]] and [[protein malnutrition]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.earthtym.net/ref-hookworms.htm |title=Hookworms: Ancylostoma spp. and Necator spp. |accessdate=2008-10-30| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081027170740/http://www.earthtym.net/ref-hookworms.htm| archivedate= 27 October 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="pmid18171264">{{cite journal| author=Diemert DJ, Bethony JM, Hotez PJ| title=Hookworm vaccines. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 46 | issue= 2 | pages= 282-8 | pmid=18171264 | doi=10.1086/524070 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18171264  }} </ref>
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
[[Category:Needs content]]
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 19:54, 30 August 2021

Ancylostomiasis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Ancylostomiasis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

CT

Endoscopy

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Ancylostomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ancylostomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Ancylostomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis

CDC on Ancylostomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis

Ancylostomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis in the news

Blogs on Ancylostomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Ancylostomiasis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Ancylostomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalpana Giri, MBBS[2]


Overview

The majority of the infected patients remain asymptomatic. The symptoms of ancylostomiasis typically develop by direct contact of the skin with contaminated soil and the fecal-oral route. The most common complications include: iron deficiency anemia, in child: intellectual and cognitive development, in pregnant women: severe anemia, impaired growth, severe anemia, premature birth, neonatal anemia. Prognosis is generally excellent with proper treatment.

Natural History

The symptoms of ancylostomiasis typically develop by direct contact of the skin with contaminated soil and the fecal-oral route.[1]

Complication

The majority of the infected patients remain asymptomatic.[1] The most common complications include:

Children with moderate and heavy intensity hookworm infections include:[2]

Women especially pregnant infected with hookworms include:

Prognosis

Prognosis is generally excellent with proper treatment and mortality rate in the tropics is approximately 50-60,000 deaths per year. It causes significant morbidity in the form of chronic anemia and protein malnutrition.[3][4]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Ronquillo AC, Puelles LB, Espinoza LP, Sánchez VA, Luis Pinto Valdivia J (2019). "Ancylostoma duodenale as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report". Braz J Infect Dis. 23 (6): 471–473. doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2019.09.002. PMID 31622567.
  2. Blair P, Diemert D (2015). "Update on prevention and treatment of intestinal helminth infections". Curr Infect Dis Rep. 17 (3): 465. doi:10.1007/s11908-015-0465-x. PMID 25821189.
  3. "Hookworms: Ancylostoma spp. and Necator spp". Archived from the original on 27 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
  4. Diemert DJ, Bethony JM, Hotez PJ (2008). "Hookworm vaccines". Clin Infect Dis. 46 (2): 282–8. doi:10.1086/524070. PMID 18171264.

Template:WH Template:WS