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==Overview==
Throughout the history many women experienced breast diseases but there were not any courage to express their problem to the public. In 1970s, all women with [[malignant]] [[breast lumps]] underwent radical [[mastectomy]] rather than performing previous biopsies. Although [[fine needle aspiration]] [[biopsy]] was introduce in 1930, it was used for [[breast lumps]] in 1950s. Breast [[ultrasound]] was used in 1950s and [[mammography]] was found in 1975 to diagnose early stages of [[breast cancers]].


==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==


===Discovery===
===Discovery===
*Breast cancer influenced women in history, while American women did not speak about the breast cancer since 20th century<ref name="pmid11949674">{{cite journal| author=Bristow NK| title=Battling breast cancer. [Review of: Lerner, BH. The breast cancer wars: hope, fear, and the pursuit of a cure in twentieth-century America. Oxford University Press, 2001]. | journal=Rev Am Hist | year= 2002 | volume= 30 | issue= 1 | pages= 114-23 | pmid=11949674 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11949674  }} </ref>
*[[Breast cancer]] influenced women throughout the history; however, American women did not speak about the [[breast cancer]] till 20th century.<ref name="pmid11949674">{{cite journal| author=Bristow NK| title=Battling breast cancer. [Review of: Lerner, BH. The breast cancer wars: hope, fear, and the pursuit of a cure in twentieth-century America. Oxford University Press, 2001]. | journal=Rev Am Hist | year= 2002 | volume= 30 | issue= 1 | pages= 114-23 | pmid=11949674 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11949674  }} </ref>
*The American Society for the Control of Cancer (ASCC)established in 1913 with Elsie Mead and Marjorie Illigand leadership and changed to American Cancer Society in 1945<ref name="pmid22132763">{{cite journal| author=Osuch JR, Silk K, Price C, Barlow J, Miller K, Hernick A et al.| title=A historical perspective on breast cancer activism in the United States: from education and support to partnership in scientific research. | journal=J Womens Health (Larchmt) | year= 2012 | volume= 21 | issue= 3 | pages= 355-62 | pmid=22132763 | doi=10.1089/jwh.2011.2862 | pmc=3298674 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22132763  }} </ref>
*The American Society for the Control of Cancer (ASCC) established in 1913 with Elsie Mead and Marjorie Illigand leadership and changed to American Cancer Society in 1945.<ref name="pmid22132763">{{cite journal| author=Osuch JR, Silk K, Price C, Barlow J, Miller K, Hernick A et al.| title=A historical perspective on breast cancer activism in the United States: from education and support to partnership in scientific research. | journal=J Womens Health (Larchmt) | year= 2012 | volume= 21 | issue= 3 | pages= 355-62 | pmid=22132763 | doi=10.1089/jwh.2011.2862 | pmc=3298674 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22132763  }} </ref>
*In 1970,surgeons constantly did radical mastectomy for malignant breast lumps found by biopsies <ref name="pmid22132763">{{cite journal| author=Osuch JR, Silk K, Price C, Barlow J, Miller K, Hernick A et al.| title=A historical perspective on breast cancer activism in the United States: from education and support to partnership in scientific research. | journal=J Womens Health (Larchmt) | year= 2012 | volume= 21 | issue= 3 | pages= 355-62 | pmid=22132763 | doi=10.1089/jwh.2011.2862 | pmc=3298674 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22132763  }} </ref>
*Babette Rosmond and Shirley Temple Black who were both diagnosed with [[breast cancer]] wrote a book about finding right to decide for performing [[biopsy]] before other treatment for [[breast lumps]].<ref name=":0">Crile, G. (1973). What women should know about the breast cancer controversy. New York: Macmillan </ref><ref name="pmid11342526">{{cite journal| author=Lerner BH| title=No shrinking violet: Rose Kushner and the rise of American breast cancer activism. | journal=West J Med | year= 2001 | volume= 174 | issue= 5 | pages= 362-5 | pmid=11342526 | doi= | pmc=1071404 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11342526  }} </ref>
*Radical mastectomy approach for breast lumps presented by George Crile, MD <ref>Crile, G. (1973). What women should know about the breast cancer controversy. New York: Macmillan </ref>
*Martin and Ellis introduce [[fine needle aspiration]] [[biopsy]] (FNAB) in 1930.<ref name="pmid17866350">{{cite journal| author=Martin HE, Ellis EB| title=BIOPSY BY NEEDLE PUNCTURE AND ASPIRATION. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1930 | volume= 92 | issue= 2 | pages= 169-81 | pmid=17866350 | doi= | pmc=1398218 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17866350  }} </ref>
*Babette Rosmond and Shirley Temple Black who both diagnosed with breast cancer wrote book about finding right to decide for performig biopsy before other treatment for breast lumps<ref>Crile, G. (1973). What women should know about the breast cancer controversy. New York: Macmillan </ref><ref name="pmid11342526">{{cite journal| author=Lerner BH| title=No shrinking violet: Rose Kushner and the rise of American breast cancer activism. | journal=West J Med | year= 2001 | volume= 174 | issue= 5 | pages= 362-5 | pmid=11342526 | doi= | pmc=1071404 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11342526  }} </ref>
*The Scandinavians used FNAB for diagnosis of palpable [[breast lumps]] in 1950s.<ref name="pmid7397673">{{cite journal| author=Bauermeister DE| title=The role and limitations of frozen section and needle aspiration biopsy in breast cancer diagnosis. | journal=Cancer | year= 1980 | volume= 46 | issue= 4 Suppl | pages= 947-9 | pmid=7397673 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7397673  }} </ref>
*Martin and Ellis introduce fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in 1930<ref name="pmid17866350">{{cite journal| author=Martin HE, Ellis EB| title=BIOPSY BY NEEDLE PUNCTURE AND ASPIRATION. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1930 | volume= 92 | issue= 2 | pages= 169-81 | pmid=17866350 | doi= | pmc=1398218 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17866350  }} </ref>
*[[Mammography]] technique for detection of early stage of [[breast cancer]] has found over 80 years ago especially in 1975.<ref>Eisenberg, R. L. (1992). Radiology: an illustrated history. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book</ref><ref>Feig SA: "Mammography equipment: principles, features, selection." Radiologic clinics of North America, vol. 25, no. 5, 1987, pp. 897-911, https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/3306772/Mammography_equipment:_principles_features_selection_. Accessed December 18, 2018</ref>
*The Scandinavians used FNAB for diagnosis of palpable breast lumps in 1950s<ref name="pmid7397673">{{cite journal| author=Bauermeister DE| title=The role and limitations of frozen section and needle aspiration biopsy in breast cancer diagnosis. | journal=Cancer | year= 1980 | volume= 46 | issue= 4 Suppl | pages= 947-9 | pmid=7397673 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7397673  }} </ref>
*The first application for using breast [[sonography]] was in 1950. Wild and Neal explained acoustical findings of both [[benign]] and [[malignant]] breast tumor.<ref>Dempsey, P. J. (1988). Breast Sonography: Historical Perspective, Clinical Application, and Image Interpretation. Ultrasound Quarterly, 6(1), 69.</ref>
*Mammography technique for detection of early stage of breast cancer has found over 80 years ago especially in 1975 <ref>Eisenberg, R. L. (1992). Radiology: an illustrated history. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book</ref><ref>Feig SA: "Mammography equipment: principles, features, selection." Radiologic clinics of North America, vol. 25, no. 5, 1987, pp. 897-911, https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/3306772/Mammography_equipment:_principles_features_selection_. Accessed December 18, 2018</ref>
*The first application for using breast sonography was in 19501. Wild and Neal explained acoustical findings of both benign and malignant breast tumor<ref>Dempsey, P. J. (1988). Breast Sonography: Historical Perspective, Clinical Application, and Image Interpretation. Ultrasound Quarterly, 6(1), 69.</ref>
 


== Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies ==
* In 1970, surgeons constantly did radical [[mastectomy]] for [[malignant]] [[breast lumps]] found on biopsies.<ref name="pmid22132763" />
* Radical [[mastectomy]] approach for [[breast lumps]] was first presented by George Crile.<ref name=":0" />


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shadan Mehraban, M.D.[2]

Overview

Throughout the history many women experienced breast diseases but there were not any courage to express their problem to the public. In 1970s, all women with malignant breast lumps underwent radical mastectomy rather than performing previous biopsies. Although fine needle aspiration biopsy was introduce in 1930, it was used for breast lumps in 1950s. Breast ultrasound was used in 1950s and mammography was found in 1975 to diagnose early stages of breast cancers.

Historical Perspective

Discovery

  • Breast cancer influenced women throughout the history; however, American women did not speak about the breast cancer till 20th century.[1]
  • The American Society for the Control of Cancer (ASCC) established in 1913 with Elsie Mead and Marjorie Illigand leadership and changed to American Cancer Society in 1945.[2]
  • Babette Rosmond and Shirley Temple Black who were both diagnosed with breast cancer wrote a book about finding right to decide for performing biopsy before other treatment for breast lumps.[3][4]
  • Martin and Ellis introduce fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in 1930.[5]
  • The Scandinavians used FNAB for diagnosis of palpable breast lumps in 1950s.[6]
  • Mammography technique for detection of early stage of breast cancer has found over 80 years ago especially in 1975.[7][8]
  • The first application for using breast sonography was in 1950. Wild and Neal explained acoustical findings of both benign and malignant breast tumor.[9]

Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies

References

  1. ↑ Bristow NK (2002). "Battling breast cancer. [Review of: Lerner, BH. The breast cancer wars: hope, fear, and the pursuit of a cure in twentieth-century America. Oxford University Press, 2001]". Rev Am Hist. 30 (1): 114–23. PMID 11949674.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Osuch JR, Silk K, Price C, Barlow J, Miller K, Hernick A; et al. (2012). "A historical perspective on breast cancer activism in the United States: from education and support to partnership in scientific research". J Womens Health (Larchmt). 21 (3): 355–62. doi:10.1089/jwh.2011.2862. PMC 3298674. PMID 22132763.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Crile, G. (1973). What women should know about the breast cancer controversy. New York: Macmillan
  4. ↑ Lerner BH (2001). "No shrinking violet: Rose Kushner and the rise of American breast cancer activism". West J Med. 174 (5): 362–5. PMC 1071404. PMID 11342526.
  5. ↑ Martin HE, Ellis EB (1930). "BIOPSY BY NEEDLE PUNCTURE AND ASPIRATION". Ann Surg. 92 (2): 169–81. PMC 1398218. PMID 17866350.
  6. ↑ Bauermeister DE (1980). "The role and limitations of frozen section and needle aspiration biopsy in breast cancer diagnosis". Cancer. 46 (4 Suppl): 947–9. PMID 7397673.
  7. ↑ Eisenberg, R. L. (1992). Radiology: an illustrated history. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book
  8. ↑ Feig SA: "Mammography equipment: principles, features, selection." Radiologic clinics of North America, vol. 25, no. 5, 1987, pp. 897-911, https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/3306772/Mammography_equipment:_principles_features_selection_. Accessed December 18, 2018
  9. ↑ Dempsey, P. J. (1988). Breast Sonography: Historical Perspective, Clinical Application, and Image Interpretation. Ultrasound Quarterly, 6(1), 69.


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