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==Overview==
==Overview==
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
The symptoms of anal fissure can develop in infants as well as in adults following episodes of severe and chronic [[constipation]]<nowiki/>and [[diarrhea]]. If left untreated, the unhealed fissures can get complicated to chronic fissures, [[anal abscess]], [[anal fistula]] and [[fecal incontinence]]. The prognosis is generally excellent and 90% spontaneously heal or with dietary and medical measures.
 
OR
 
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 
OR


Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==


===Natural History===
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.  
*The symptoms of anal fissure can develop in the childhood in children having frequent [[diarrhea]] or severe [[constipation]].
*The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.  
*In adults, severe and chronic [[constipation]] leads to increased straining efforts which ultimately leads to anal fissure.
*If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
*If left untreated, they become chronic anal fissure which frequently have an anal tag and unhealed fissures can get complicated to [[anal fistula]] and [[anal abscess]].


===Complications===
===Complications===
*Common complications of [disease name] include:
*Common complications of anal fissure include:<ref name="pmid7587755">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fleshner PR, Schoetz DJ, Roberts PL, Murray JJ, Coller JA, Veidenheimer MC |title=Anal fissure in Crohn's disease: a plea for aggressive management |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=38 |issue=11 |pages=1137–43 |year=1995 |pmid=7587755 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>'https://online.epocrates.com/u/2952563/Anal+fissure' title=Anal fissure at Epocrates Online</ref>
**[Complication 1]
**Failure to heal and become chronic fissures
**[Complication 2]
**[[Anal abscess]] or [[Anal fistula|fistula]]
**[Complication 3]
**[[Fecal incontinence]] after surgery


===Prognosis===
===Prognosis===
*Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
*Prognosis is generally excellent and the patients with acute anal fissure is approximately 90% spontaneously heal or with dietary and medical measures.<ref>Jonas M, Scholefield JH. Anal fissure. In: Holzheimer RG, Mannick JA, editors. Surgical Treatment: Evidence-Based and Problem-Oriented. Munich: Zuckschwerdt; 2001. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6878/</ref>
*Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression/etc.] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
*[[Fecal incontinence]] occurs in 56.5% of patients undergoing surgery.
*The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
*[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
*The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 20:24, 29 July 2020

Anal fissure Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]

Overview

The symptoms of anal fissure can develop in infants as well as in adults following episodes of severe and chronic constipationand diarrhea. If left untreated, the unhealed fissures can get complicated to chronic fissures, anal abscess, anal fistula and fecal incontinence. The prognosis is generally excellent and 90% spontaneously heal or with dietary and medical measures.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

  • The symptoms of anal fissure can develop in the childhood in children having frequent diarrhea or severe constipation.
  • In adults, severe and chronic constipation leads to increased straining efforts which ultimately leads to anal fissure.
  • If left untreated, they become chronic anal fissure which frequently have an anal tag and unhealed fissures can get complicated to anal fistula and anal abscess.

Complications

Prognosis

  • Prognosis is generally excellent and the patients with acute anal fissure is approximately 90% spontaneously heal or with dietary and medical measures.[3]
  • Fecal incontinence occurs in 56.5% of patients undergoing surgery.

References

  1. Fleshner PR, Schoetz DJ, Roberts PL, Murray JJ, Coller JA, Veidenheimer MC (1995). "Anal fissure in Crohn's disease: a plea for aggressive management". Dis. Colon Rectum. 38 (11): 1137–43. PMID 7587755.
  2. 'https://online.epocrates.com/u/2952563/Anal+fissure' title=Anal fissure at Epocrates Online
  3. Jonas M, Scholefield JH. Anal fissure. In: Holzheimer RG, Mannick JA, editors. Surgical Treatment: Evidence-Based and Problem-Oriented. Munich: Zuckschwerdt; 2001. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6878/

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