Rubella: Difference between revisions

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'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
__NOTOC__
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]].'''
{{Infobox_Disease
{{Infobox_Disease
  | Name          = Rubella
  | Name          = Rubella
  | Image          = Rash of rubella on skin of child's back.JPG
  | Image          = Rash of rubella on skin of child's back.JPG
  | Caption        =  
  | Caption        = By CDC - crop of File:Rash of rubella on skin of child's back.JPG, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39884727
  | DiseasesDB    = 11719
  | DiseasesDB    = 11719
  | ICD10          = {{ICD10|B|06||b|00}}
  | ICD10          = {{ICD10|B|06||b|00}}
  | ICD9          = {{ICD9|056}}
  | ICD9          = {{ICD9|056}}
  | ICDO          =  
  | ICDO          =
  | OMIM          =  
  | OMIM          =
  | MedlinePlus    = 001574
  | MedlinePlus    = 001574
| eMedicineSubj  =
  | MeshID        = D012409
| eMedicineTopic =
| eMedicine_mult =
  | MeshID        =  
}}
}}
{{Rubella}}
{{Rubella}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{MJM}}, {{AKI}}
{{dablink|This page is for the disease. For the virus, see [[Rubella virus]].}}


{{SK}} German measles; 3 day measles
==[[Rubella overview|Overview]]==
==[[Rubella overview|Overview]]==


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==[[Rubella pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Rubella pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==[[Rubella epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==
==[[Rubella causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Rubella differential diagnosis|Differentiating Rubella from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Rubella epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==[[Rubella risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Rubella risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
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==[[Rubella screening|Screening]]==
==[[Rubella screening|Screening]]==


==[[Rubella causes|Causes]]==
==[[Rubella natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==[[Rubella differential diagnosis|Differentiating Rubella]]==
 
==[[Rubella natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
[[Rubella history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Rubella physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Rubella laboratory tests|Laboratory tests]] | [[Rubella electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]]  | [[Rubella x ray|X Rays]] | [[Rubella CT|CT]] | [[Rubella MRI|MRI]] [[Rubella echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Rubella other imaging findings|Other images]] | [[Rubella other diagnostic studies|Alternative diagnostics]]
[[Rubella history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Rubella physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Rubella laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Rubella medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Rubella surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Rubella primary prevention|Primary prevention]]  | [[Rubella secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Rubella cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Rubella future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]
[[Rubella medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Rubella primary prevention|Primary Prevention]]  | [[Rubella secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Rubella cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-effectiveness of Therapy]]
 


==Cases Studies==
[[Rubella case study one|Case #1]]


==Epidemiology==
==External Links==
Rubella is a disease that occurs worldwide. The virus tends to peak during the spring in countries with temperate climates. Before the vaccine to rubella was introduced in 1969, widespread outbreaks usually occurred every 6-9 years in the United States and 3-5 years in Europe, mostly affecting children in the 5-9 year old age group.<ref name="pmid11798368">{{cite journal
|author=Reef SE, Frey TK, Theall K, ''et al''
|title=The changing epidemiology of rubella in the 1990s: on the verge of elimination and new challenges for control and prevention
|journal=JAMA
|volume=287
|issue=4
|pages=464–72
|year=2002
|pmid=11798368
|doi=
|url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11798368
}}</ref> Since the introduction of vaccine, occurrences have become rare in those countries with high uptake rates. However, in the UK there remains a large population of men susceptible to rubella who have not been vaccinated. Outbreaks of rubella occurred amongst many young men in the UK in 1993 and  in 1996 the infection was transmitted to pregnant women, many of whom were immigrants and were susceptible. Outbreaks still arise, usually in developing countries where the vaccine is not as accessible.<ref name="pmid16989272">{{cite journal
|author=Reef S
|title=Rubella mass campaigns
|journal=Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.
|volume=304
|issue=
|pages=221–9
|year=2006
|pmid=16989272
|doi=
}}</ref>
 
During the epidemic in the US between 1962-1965, Rubella virus infections during pregnancy were estimated to have caused 30,000 still births and 20,000 children to be born impaired or disabled as a result of CRS.<ref name="pmid11348695">{{cite journal
|author=Plotkin SA
|title=Rubella eradication
|journal=[[Vaccine]]
|volume=19
|issue=25-26
|pages=3311–9
|year=2001
|pmid=11348695
|doi=
|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264410X01000731
}}</ref><ref>Cooper,L.Z. Congenital Rubella in the United States. 1975 In: Krugman,S Gershon,A (eds), Symposium on Infections Of the Fetus and Newborn Infant. New York, Alan R. Liss Inc.,p.1.</ref>
Universal immunisation producing a high level of [[herd immunity]] is important in the control of epidemics of rubella.<ref name="pmid11105178">{{cite journal
|author=Danovaro-Holliday MC, LeBaron CW, Allensworth C, ''et al''
|title=A large rubella outbreak with spread from the workplace to the community
|journal=JAMA
|volume=284
|issue=21
|pages=2733–9
|year=2000
|pmid=11105178
|doi=
|url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11105178
}}</ref>
 
==See also==
* [[Eradication of infectious diseases]]
 
== References ==
<!--<nowiki>
  See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how
  to generate footnotes using the<ref> and </ref> tags, and the template below
</nowiki>-->
{{Reflist|2}}
 
==External links==
* [http://www.virology-online.com/viruses/Rubella.htm Rubella] at Wong's Virology.
* [http://www.immunize.org/rubella/index.htm Immunization Action Coalition: Rubella]
* {{DermNet|viral/rubella}}
* {{DermNet|viral/rubella}}


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[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Togaviruses]]
[[Category:Togaviruses]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]


[[bg:Рубеола]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[cs:Zarděnky]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[de:Röteln]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[eo:Rubeolo]]
[[es:Rubéola]]
[[fa:سرخجه]]
[[fi:Vihurirokko]]
[[fr:Rubéole]]
[[he:אדמת]]
[[id:Rubela]]
[[it:Rosolia]]
[[ja:風疹]]
[[la:Rubella]]
[[lb:Riselen]]
[[ms:Penyakit Rubela]]
[[nl:Rodehond]]
[[no:Røde hunder]]
[[pl:Różyczka]]
[[pt:Rubéola]]
[[ro:Rubeolă]]
[[simple:Rubella]]
[[sv:Röda hund]]
[[th:โรคหัดเยอรมัน]]
[[tr:Kızamıkçık]]
[[vi:Sởi Đức]]


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Latest revision as of 06:36, 28 July 2020

For patient information click here.

Rubella
By CDC - crop of File:Rash of rubella on skin of child's back.JPG, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39884727
ICD-10 B06
ICD-9 056
DiseasesDB 11719
MedlinePlus 001574
MeSH D012409

Rubella Microchapters

Home

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Rubella from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Case Studies

Case #1

Rubella On the Web

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X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
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Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

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NICE Guidance

FDA on Rubella

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Rubella in the news

Blogs on Rubella

Directions to Hospitals Treating Rubella

Risk calculators and risk factors for Rubella

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Michael Maddaleni, B.S., Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2]

Synonyms and keywords: German measles; 3 day measles

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Rubella from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-effectiveness of Therapy

Cases Studies

Case #1

External Links

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