Sandbox:Fahimeh: Difference between revisions

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{{familytree/start}}
 
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | |A01=Patient present with dizziness<ref name="pmid27719862">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dieterich M, Staab JP, Brandt T |title=Functional (psychogenic) dizziness |journal=Handb Clin Neurol |volume=139 |issue= |pages=447–468 |date=2016 |pmid=27719862 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-801772-2.00037-0 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28375909">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cheshire WP |title=Syncope |journal=Continuum (Minneap Minn) |volume=23 |issue=2, Selected Topics in Outpatient Neurology |pages=335–358 |date=April 2017 |pmid=28375909 |doi=10.1212/CON.0000000000000444 |url=}}</ref><ref name="Chan2009">{{cite journal|last1=Chan|first1=Yvonne|title=Differential diagnosis of dizziness|journal=Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery|volume=17|issue=3|year=2009|pages=200–203|issn=1068-9508|doi=10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832b2594}}</ref><ref name="Brandt2001">{{cite journal|last1=Brandt|first1=T|title=NOSOLOGICAL ENTITIES?: Cervical vertigo|journal=Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry|volume=71|issue=1|year=2001|pages=8–12|issn=00223050|doi=10.1136/jnnp.71.1.8}}</ref>}}
 
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | }}
{|
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | A02 | | | | | |A02=Loss of consciousness?}}
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | }}
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Diseases
{{familytree | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | B02 | | |B01=Yes|B02=No}}
|
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | }}
| colspan="6" rowspan="1"  style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''Clinical manifestations'''
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | C02 | | |C02=Sense of motion/<br>spinning?}}
|
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | }}
! colspan="7" rowspan="2"  style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Para-clinical findings
{{familytree | D01 | | D02 | | D00 | | | D03 | | | | D04 |D01=Other|D02=Sweating<br>Heaviness sensation in the legs<br>"Tunnel" vision<br>Feeling warm or hot<br>Nausea<br>Vomiting|D00=History of seizure<br>Aura<br>Post-ictal phase<br>Uncontrollable muscle spasms<br>Drooling or frothing at the mouth<br>Teeth clenching<br>Tongue biting<br>Sudden, rapid eye movements|D03=Yes|D04=No}}
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''Gold standard'''
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | }}
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Additional findings
{{familytree | E01 | | E02 | | E00 | | | E03 | | | | |!| |E01=Electrolyte imbalance/<br>Intracranial process|E02=Syncope|E00=Seizure|E03=Vertigo}}
|-
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | }}
| rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''History'''
{{familytree | | | | | M01 | | M02 | | | F02 | | | | |!| |M01=Sudden, and generally momentary, loss of consciousness, or blacking out caused by the Central Ischaemic Response|M02=Temporary abnormal electro-physiologic phenomenon of the brain, resulting in abnormal synchronization of electrical neuronal activity|F02=Sudden onset?<br>Horizental vertigo?<br>Auditory symptoms?<br>No neurological problem?}}
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''Symptoms'''
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical examination
{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | | X02 | | X01 | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |X02=Causes:<br>•Hemorrhage<br>•Hypotension<br>•Hypoxia<br>•Pulmonary embolism<br>•Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm<br>•Ventricular arrhythmia<br>•Arrhythmia<br>•Medication<br>•Orthostatic hypotension<br>•Vagal stimulation<br>•Vertebrobasilar insufficiency|X01=Causes:<br>•Brain damage <br>•Congenital abnormalities<br>•Stroke <br>•Infection<br>•Genetic syndromes<br>•Brain tumor<br>•Epilepsy}}
|-
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab Findings
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | G01 | | G02 | | |!| | | | | | | |G01=Yes|G02=No}}
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Histopathology
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
|-
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | H01 | | H02 | | |!| | | | | | | |H01=Peripheral|H02=Central}}
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Chest pain
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Fever
{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | | | | | | | | | I01 | | I02 | | |!| | | | | | | |I01=BPPV<br>Vestibular neuritis<br>HSV oticus<br>Meniere disease<br>Labyrinthine concussion<br>Perilymphatic fistula<br>Semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome<br>Vestibular paroxysma<br>Cogan syndrome<br>Vestibular schwannoma<br>Otitis media<br>Aminoglycoside toxicity<br>Recurrent vestibulopathy|I02=Vestibular migraine<br>Epileptic vertigo<br>Multiple sclerosis<br>Brain tumors<br>Crebellar infarction/hemorrhage<br>Brain stem ischemia<br>Chiari malformation<br>Parkinson}}
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Cough
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Edema/Ascites
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|JVP
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|.| | }}
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Heart/Lung sounds
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | J01 | | J02 | | | | J03 |J01=Hyperventilation<br>Psychiatric symptoms|J02=Balance<br>problem|J03=Sweating<br>Tunnel Vision<br>Nausea <br>Heart palpitations <br>Abdominal discomfort<br>Slurred speech}}
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Hepatosplenomegaly
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | }}
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab 1
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | K01 | | K02 | | | | K03 | |K01=Psychogenic<br>dizziness|K02=Dysequilibrium|K03=Presyncope}}
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab 2
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | }}
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab 3
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | L01 | | L02 | | | | L03 | |L01=Dizziness which is not characterized by true vertigo and it can be replicated by hyperventilation and psychiatric symptoms that usually precede its onset.|L02=Impaired sense or absence of balance or equilibrioception that primarily occurs during standing or walking|L03=Feeling of lightheadedness that can lead to syncope|}}
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|CT Scan
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|MRI
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Echo/Sono
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
|-
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
! colspan="18" |Constrictive pericarditis
{{familytree/end}}
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Tuberculosis
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Idiopathic/Viral
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Post cardiac surgery
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Post radiation
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Connective tissue disease
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Malignancy
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Mesothelioma]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Chronic [[renal failure]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Asbestosis
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! colspan="18" |Restrictive cardiomyopathy
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Amyloidosis
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Sarcoidosis
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Hemochromatosis
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Sclerodema
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Endomyocardial fibrosis
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Carcinoid heart disease
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Post radiation
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Diabetic cardiomyopathy
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Hurler
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Gaucher
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Fabry
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Wegener
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Metastatic malignancies
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|}
 
 
 
 
 
{{Family tree/start}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree/end}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
 
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Latest revision as of 23:41, 27 February 2020


Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
History Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Chest pain Fever Cough Edema/Ascites JVP Heart/Lung sounds Hepatosplenomegaly Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 CT Scan MRI Echo/Sono
Constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculosis
Idiopathic/Viral
Post cardiac surgery
Post radiation
Connective tissue disease
Malignancy
Mesothelioma
Chronic renal failure
Asbestosis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
Hemochromatosis
Sclerodema
Endomyocardial fibrosis
Carcinoid heart disease
Post radiation
Diabetic cardiomyopathy
Hurler
Gaucher
Fabry
Wegener
Metastatic malignancies



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 




References


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox:Fahimeh&oldid=1600745"