Andersen-Tawil syndrome diagnostic criteria: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Andersen-Tawil syndrome}}
{{Andersen-Tawil syndrome}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{VKG}}


==Diagnostic Criteria==
==Overview==
The diagnosis of Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is suspected in individuals with either A or B:
The [[diagnosis]] of [[Andersen-Tawil syndrome]] ([[Andersen-Tawil syndrome|ATS]]) is suspected in individuals whose satisfies either '''criteria A''' and '''criteria''' B with [[Molecule|molecular]] [[Genetics|genetic]] [[testing]] to confirm.  
 
A. Two of the following three criteria:
* [[Periodic paralysis]]
* Symptomatic [[cardiac arrhythmia]]s or electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of enlarged [[U waves]], [[ventricular ectopy]], or a [[prolonged QT]]c or QUc interval
* Characteristic facies, dental anomalies, small hands and feet, and at least two of the following:
** [[Low-set ears]]
** Widely spaced eyes
** Small mandible
** Fifth-digit [[clinodactyly]]
** [[Syndactyly]]
B. One of the above three in addition to at least one other family member who meets two of the three criteria.
 
<br />


== Diagnostic Study of Choice ==
== Diagnostic Study of Choice ==


=== Study of choice ===
*[[Phenotype|Phenotypic]] and [[Genotyping|genotypic]] evaluation of the patient is the [[Gold standard (test)|gold standard]] test for the [[diagnosis]] of [[Andersen-Tawil syndrome]] ([[Andersen-Tawil syndrome|ATS]]) which include A and B.


* Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of the patient is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) which include A and B.
'''A Criteria'''


'''A'''. 2 has to to positive out of the following three criteria for Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) :<ref name="pmid29125635">{{cite journal| author=Statland JM, Fontaine B, Hanna MG, Johnson NE, Kissel JT, Sansone VA | display-authors=etal| title=Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Periodic Paralysis. | journal=Muscle Nerve | year= 2018 | volume= 57 | issue= 4 | pages= 522-530 | pmid=29125635 | doi=10.1002/mus.26009 | pmc=5867231 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29125635  }}</ref><ref name="pmid11371347">{{cite journal| author=Plaster NM, Tawil R, Tristani-Firouzi M, Canún S, Bendahhou S, Tsunoda A | display-authors=etal| title=Mutations in Kir2.1 cause the developmental and episodic electrical phenotypes of Andersen's syndrome. | journal=Cell | year= 2001 | volume= 105 | issue= 4 | pages= 511-9 | pmid=11371347 | doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00342-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11371347  }}</ref>
* Two features has to to positive out of the following three criteria for [[Andersen-Tawil syndrome]] ([[Andersen-Tawil syndrome|ATS]]) :<ref name="pmid29125635">{{cite journal| author=Statland JM, Fontaine B, Hanna MG, Johnson NE, Kissel JT, Sansone VA | display-authors=etal| title=Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Periodic Paralysis. | journal=Muscle Nerve | year= 2018 | volume= 57 | issue= 4 | pages= 522-530 | pmid=29125635 | doi=10.1002/mus.26009 | pmc=5867231 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29125635  }}</ref><ref name="pmid11371347">{{cite journal| author=Plaster NM, Tawil R, Tristani-Firouzi M, Canún S, Bendahhou S, Tsunoda A | display-authors=etal| title=Mutations in Kir2.1 cause the developmental and episodic electrical phenotypes of Andersen's syndrome. | journal=Cell | year= 2001 | volume= 105 | issue= 4 | pages= 511-9 | pmid=11371347 | doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00342-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11371347 }}</ref><ref name="pmid15534250">{{cite journal| author=Miller TM, Dias da Silva MR, Miller HA, Kwiecinski H, Mendell JR, Tawil R | display-authors=etal| title=Correlating phenotype and genotype in the periodic paralyses. | journal=Neurology | year= 2004 | volume= 63 | issue= 9 | pages= 1647-55 | pmid=15534250 | doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000143383.91137.00 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15534250  }}</ref><ref name="pmid24305449">{{cite journal| author=Statland JM, Barohn RJ| title=Muscle channelopathies: the nondystrophic myotonias and periodic paralyses. | journal=Continuum (Minneap Minn) | year= 2013 | volume= 19 | issue= 6 Muscle Disease | pages= 1598-614 | pmid=24305449 | doi=10.1212/01.CON.0000440661.49298.c8 | pmc=4234136 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24305449 }}</ref>


#Periodic paralysis
#[[Periodic paralysis]]
#Cardiac arrhythmias which are supposed to be symptomatic or positive U-waves or a prolonged QTc or QUc interval on ECG.
#[[Cardiac arrhythmia|Cardiac arrhythmias]] which are supposed to be symptomatic or positive [[U waves|U-waves]] or a prolonged [[QT interval|QTc]] or QUc interval on [[The electrocardiogram|ECG]].
#Unique facial characteristics, dental problems and distinctive skeletal features, with 2 of the following which include:
#Unique [[facial]] characteristics, [[dental]] problems and distinctive [[skeletal]] features, with 2 of the following which include:
#*Low-set ears
#*[[Low-set ears]]
#* Widely spaced eyes
#* Widely spaced eyes
#* Small mandible
#* Small [[mandible]]
#* Fifth-digit clinodactyly
#* Fifth-digit [[clinodactyly]]
#* Syndactyly of toes 2 and 3
#*[[Syndactyly]] of toes 2 and 3
 
'''B'''. Along with one of the above three criteria AND at least one of the other family member who meets two of the three criteria should be considered for further gene testing in patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS).
 
#*
 
OR
 
The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
 
* [Result 1]
* [Result 2]
 
OR
 
[Name of the investigation] must be performed when:
 
* The patient presents with [symptom/sign 1], [symptom/sign 2], and [symptom/sign 3].
* A [name of test] is positive for [sign 1], [sign 2], and [sign 3] in the patient.
 
OR
 
[Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
 
OR
 
The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].
 
OR
 
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].
 
OR
 
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
 
OR


[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on the clinical presentation.
'''B Criteria'''


OR
* Along with one of the above three criteria AND at least one of the other family member who meets two of the three criteria should be considered for further [[Gene|gene testing]] in patients with [[Andersen-Tawil syndrome]] ([[Andersen-Tawil syndrome|ATS]]).


Investigations:
=== Molecular genetic testing ===


* Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
* Once the [[Phenotypically|phenotypic]] diagnosis is established and comprehensive [[genetic testing]] should be the next step in the [[diagnosis]] of [[Andersen-Tawil syndrome]] ([[Andersen-Tawil syndrome|ATS]]) patients to detect ''[[KCNJ2]]'', ''[[KCNJ5]]'' [[gene]] mutations which can be achieved by the following:<ref name="pmid12045162">{{cite journal| author=Ai T, Fujiwara Y, Tsuji K, Otani H, Nakano S, Kubo Y | display-authors=etal| title=Novel KCNJ2 mutation in familial periodic paralysis with ventricular dysrhythmia. | journal=Circulation | year= 2002 | volume= 105 | issue= 22 | pages= 2592-4 | pmid=12045162 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.0000019906.35135.a3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12045162  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12032359">{{cite journal| author=Preisig-Müller R, Schlichthörl G, Goerge T, Heinen S, Brüggemann A, Rajan S | display-authors=etal| title=Heteromerization of Kir2.x potassium channels contributes to the phenotype of Andersen's syndrome. | journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | year= 2002 | volume= 99 | issue= 11 | pages= 7774-9 | pmid=12032359 | doi=10.1073/pnas.102609499 | pmc=124349 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12032359  }}</ref>
* Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
**'''Gene-targeted testing'''
* Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.
***Gene-targeted testing which includes single-gene testing and multigene panel
**'''Comprehensive''' '''genomic testing'''
***Comprehensive [[genomic]] testing which includes [[exon]] sequencing and [[genome]] [[sequencing]].


==References==
==References==
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{{WikiDoc Sources}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Category:Electrophysiology]]
[[Category:Electrophysiology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Rare Disease]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]

Latest revision as of 15:02, 17 February 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

The diagnosis of Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is suspected in individuals whose satisfies either criteria A and criteria B with molecular genetic testing to confirm.

Diagnostic Study of Choice

A Criteria

  1. Periodic paralysis
  2. Cardiac arrhythmias which are supposed to be symptomatic or positive U-waves or a prolonged QTc or QUc interval on ECG.
  3. Unique facial characteristics, dental problems and distinctive skeletal features, with 2 of the following which include:

B Criteria

  • Along with one of the above three criteria AND at least one of the other family member who meets two of the three criteria should be considered for further gene testing in patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS).

Molecular genetic testing

References

  1. ↑ Statland JM, Fontaine B, Hanna MG, Johnson NE, Kissel JT, Sansone VA; et al. (2018). "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Periodic Paralysis". Muscle Nerve. 57 (4): 522–530. doi:10.1002/mus.26009. PMC 5867231. PMID 29125635.
  2. ↑ Plaster NM, Tawil R, Tristani-Firouzi M, Canún S, Bendahhou S, Tsunoda A; et al. (2001). "Mutations in Kir2.1 cause the developmental and episodic electrical phenotypes of Andersen's syndrome". Cell. 105 (4): 511–9. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00342-7. PMID 11371347.
  3. ↑ Miller TM, Dias da Silva MR, Miller HA, Kwiecinski H, Mendell JR, Tawil R; et al. (2004). "Correlating phenotype and genotype in the periodic paralyses". Neurology. 63 (9): 1647–55. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000143383.91137.00. PMID 15534250.
  4. ↑ Statland JM, Barohn RJ (2013). "Muscle channelopathies: the nondystrophic myotonias and periodic paralyses". Continuum (Minneap Minn). 19 (6 Muscle Disease): 1598–614. doi:10.1212/01.CON.0000440661.49298.c8. PMC 4234136. PMID 24305449.
  5. ↑ Ai T, Fujiwara Y, Tsuji K, Otani H, Nakano S, Kubo Y; et al. (2002). "Novel KCNJ2 mutation in familial periodic paralysis with ventricular dysrhythmia". Circulation. 105 (22): 2592–4. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000019906.35135.a3. PMID 12045162.
  6. ↑ Preisig-Müller R, Schlichthörl G, Goerge T, Heinen S, Brüggemann A, Rajan S; et al. (2002). "Heteromerization of Kir2.x potassium channels contributes to the phenotype of Andersen's syndrome". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99 (11): 7774–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.102609499. PMC 124349. PMID 12032359.


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