Laryngeal cancer staging: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Laryngeal cancer}} | {{Laryngeal cancer}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{ | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{OK}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
According to the [[TNM staging system]], | According to the [[TNM staging system]], the stages of [[laryngeal cancer]] are based on the [[tumor]] size, [[lymph node]] involvement, and distant [[metastasis]] | ||
==Staging== | ==Staging== | ||
The following | The following [[TNM staging system|TNM staging]] is used for laryngeal cancer: <ref name="pmid27841116">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jones TM, De M, Foran B, Harrington K, Mortimore S |title=Laryngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary guidelines |journal=J Laryngol Otol |volume=130 |issue=S2 |pages=S75–S82 |date=May 2016 |pmid=27841116 |pmc=4873912 |doi=10.1017/S0022215116000487 |url=}}</ref> | ||
{| | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |'''Supraglottis''' | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T1 | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumour|Tumor]] limited to one subsite of supraglottis with normal [[vocal fold]] [[mobility]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T2 | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] invades [[mucosa]] of more than one adjacent subsite of supraglottis or [[glottis]] or region outside the supraglottis (e.g. [[mucosa]] of base of [[tongue]], [[vallecula]], medial wall of [[piriform sinus]]) without fixation of the larynx | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T3 | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] limited to [[larynx]] with [[vocal fold]] fixation and/or invades any of the following: post-cricoid area, pre-epiglottic tissues, paraglottic space, and/or with minor thyroid cartilage erosion (e.g. inner [[cortex]]) | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T4a | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] invades through the [[thyroid cartilage]] and/or invades [[tissues]] beyond the [[larynx]], e.g. [[trachea]], soft tissues of [[neck]], including deep/extrinsic [[muscle]] of [[tongue]] (e.g. [[genioglossus]], [[hyoglossus]], [[palatoglossus]] and [[styloglossus]]), [[Strap muscles of the neck|strap muscles]], [[thyroid]] and [[esophagus]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T4b | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] invades pre-vertebral space, [[mediastinal]] structures or encases [[carotid artery]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Glottis|'''Glottis''']] | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" | | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T1 | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] limited to [[vocal fold]](s) (may involve anterior or posterior commissure) with normal [[mobility]] | |||
| | T1a. [[Tumor]] limited to one [[vocal fold]] T1b. [[Tumor]] involves both vocal folds | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T2 | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T2a. [[Tumor]] extends to supraglottis and/or subglottis with normal [[vocal fold]] [[mobility]] | |||
| | T2b. [[Tumor]] extends to supraglottis and/or subglottis with impaired [[vocal fold]] [[mobility]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T3 | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] limited to [[larynx]] with [[vocal fold]] fixation and/or invades paraglottic space, and/or with minor [[thyroid cartilage]] erosion (e.g. inner [[cortex]]) | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T4a | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] invades through the [[thyroid cartilage]] or invades [[tissues]] beyond the [[larynx]], e.g. [[trachea]], soft tissues of [[neck]], including deep/extrinsic muscle of tongue ([[genioglossus]], [[hyoglossus]], [[palatoglossus]] and [[styloglossus]]), [[Strap muscles of the neck|strap muscles]], [[thyroid]] and [[esophagus]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T4b | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] invades prevertebral space, [[mediastinal]] structures or encases [[carotid artery]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |'''Subglottis''' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" | | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T1 | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] limited to subglottis | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T2 | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] extends to [[vocal fold]](s) with normal or impaired [[mobility]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T3 | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] limited to [[larynx]] with [[vocal fold]] fixation | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T4a | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] invades through [[cricoid]] or [[thyroid cartilage]] and/or invades [[tissues]] beyond the [[larynx]], e.g., [[trachea]], soft tissues of [[neck]] including deep/extrinsic [[muscle]] of [[tongue]] ([[genioglossus]], [[hyoglossus]], [[palatoglossus]] and [[styloglossus]]), [[Strap muscles of the neck|strap muscles]], [[thyroid]] and [[esophagus]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |T4b | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Tumor]] invades prevertebral space, [[mediastinal]] structures or encases [[carotid artery]] | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
==References== | == References == | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Types of cancer]] | [[Category:Types of cancer]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Oncology]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Otolaryngology]] |
Latest revision as of 06:18, 18 March 2019
Laryngeal cancer Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
Case Studies |
Laryngeal cancer staging On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Laryngeal cancer staging |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Laryngeal cancer staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omer Kamal, M.D.[2]
Overview
According to the TNM staging system, the stages of laryngeal cancer are based on the tumor size, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis
Staging
The following TNM staging is used for laryngeal cancer: [1]
Supraglottis | |
T1 | Tumor limited to one subsite of supraglottis with normal vocal fold mobility |
T2 | Tumor invades mucosa of more than one adjacent subsite of supraglottis or glottis or region outside the supraglottis (e.g. mucosa of base of tongue, vallecula, medial wall of piriform sinus) without fixation of the larynx |
T3 | Tumor limited to larynx with vocal fold fixation and/or invades any of the following: post-cricoid area, pre-epiglottic tissues, paraglottic space, and/or with minor thyroid cartilage erosion (e.g. inner cortex) |
T4a | Tumor invades through the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx, e.g. trachea, soft tissues of neck, including deep/extrinsic muscle of tongue (e.g. genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus and styloglossus), strap muscles, thyroid and esophagus |
T4b | Tumor invades pre-vertebral space, mediastinal structures or encases carotid artery |
Glottis | |
T1 | Tumor limited to vocal fold(s) (may involve anterior or posterior commissure) with normal mobility
T1a. Tumor limited to one vocal fold T1b. Tumor involves both vocal folds |
T2 | T2a. Tumor extends to supraglottis and/or subglottis with normal vocal fold mobility
T2b. Tumor extends to supraglottis and/or subglottis with impaired vocal fold mobility |
T3 | Tumor limited to larynx with vocal fold fixation and/or invades paraglottic space, and/or with minor thyroid cartilage erosion (e.g. inner cortex) |
T4a | Tumor invades through the thyroid cartilage or invades tissues beyond the larynx, e.g. trachea, soft tissues of neck, including deep/extrinsic muscle of tongue (genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus and styloglossus), strap muscles, thyroid and esophagus |
T4b | Tumor invades prevertebral space, mediastinal structures or encases carotid artery |
Subglottis | |
T1 | Tumor limited to subglottis |
T2 | Tumor extends to vocal fold(s) with normal or impaired mobility |
T3 | Tumor limited to larynx with vocal fold fixation |
T4a | Tumor invades through cricoid or thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx, e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep/extrinsic muscle of tongue (genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus and styloglossus), strap muscles, thyroid and esophagus |
T4b | Tumor invades prevertebral space, mediastinal structures or encases carotid artery |
References
- ↑ Jones TM, De M, Foran B, Harrington K, Mortimore S (May 2016). "Laryngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary guidelines". J Laryngol Otol. 130 (S2): S75–S82. doi:10.1017/S0022215116000487. PMC 4873912. PMID 27841116.