Craniopharyngioma natural history, complication and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Craniopharyngioma}}
{{Craniopharyngioma}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{SR}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Marjan}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Common complications of craniopharyngioma are long-term hormonal problems, vision defects and nervous system deficits. Since craniopharyngioma is a [[benign]] tumor, the 5-year and 10-year survival rates are higher than 90%. Recent research has demonstrated a [[malignant]]] (but rare) tendency of craniopharyngiomas. These malignant craniopharyngiomas are very rare, but are associated with poor [[prognosis]].
If left untreated, majority of patients with craniopharyngioma may progress to develop [[Intracranial pressure|increased intracranial pressure]], [[blindness]] and [[Endocrine system|endocrine abnormalities]]. The [[prognosis]] of craniopharyngioma is good with treatment. The [[Survival analysis|5-year and 10-year survival rates]] are higher than 90%.


==Natural History==
==Natural History==
*Craniopharyngiomas are [[Tumors|slow growing tumors]] and symptoms often are present for a year or more before the [[diagnosis]] is established.<ref name="pmid28325825">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wijnen M, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Janssen JAMJL, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Michiels EMC, van Veelen-Vincent MC, Dallenga AHG, van den Berge JH, van Rij CM, van der Lely AJ, Neggers SJCMM |title=Very long-term sequelae of craniopharyngioma |journal=Eur. J. Endocrinol. |volume=176 |issue=6 |pages=755–767 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28325825 |doi=10.1530/EJE-17-0044 |url=}}</ref>
*Untreated patients can have [[Intracranial pressure|increased intracranial pressure]], [[Visual system|visual disturbances]] and [[Endocrine system|endocrine abnormalities]].


==Complications==
==Complications==
A large percentage of patients have long-term hormone, vision, and nervous system problems after craniopharyngioma is treated. When the tumor is not completely removed, the condition may recur.<ref>Complications of Craniopharyngioma. National library of medicine. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000345.htm</ref>
* A large percentage of patients have [[Hormone|long-term hormone]], [[Visual system|vision]], and [[Nervous system disease|nervous system problems]] after craniopharyngioma is treated.  
* [[Tumor]] may reoccur if it is not completely removed.<ref>Complications of Craniopharyngioma. National library of medicine. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000345.htm</ref>


There are complications caused by the ''radical surgical treatment'' of craniopharyngioma:<ref>Complications. Cancer gov. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#link/_40_toc</ref>
* There are [[Complication (medicine)|complications]] caused by the [[Surgery|radical surgical treatment]] of craniopharyngioma:<ref>Complications. Cancer gov. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#link/_40_toc</ref>
*[[Obesity]], which can be life-threatening. Hypothalamic-sparing surgical techniques may result in reduced postoperative obesity without an increase in tumor recurrence
 
*[[Surgery|Hypothalamic-sparing surgical techniques]] may result in reduced [[Obesity|postoperative obesity]] without an increase in [[tumor]] [[Recurrence period density entropy|recurrence]].<ref name="pmid24467716">{{cite journal |vauthors=Müller HL |title=Craniopharyngioma |journal=Endocr. Rev. |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=513–43 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24467716 |doi=10.1210/er.2013-1115 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Hormone replacement therapy]]
*[[Hormone replacement therapy]]
*Severe [[behavioral problems]]
*[[Behavioral problems|Severe behavioral problems]]
*[[Blindness]]
*[[Blindness]]
*[[Seizures]]
*[[Seizures]]
*[[Spinal fluid]] leak
*[[Spinal fluid]] leak
*False [[aneurysms]]
*False [[aneurysms]]
*Difficulty with eye movements
*[[Ophthalmic pathology|Difficulty with eye movements]]
*Death from intraoperative [[hemorrhage]], hypothalamic damage, or [[stroke]] (rare)
*Death from [[Intraoperative monitoring|intraoperative]] [[hemorrhage]], [[Hypothalamic|hypothalamic damage]], or [[stroke]] (rare)


==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
Since craniopharyngioma is a benign tumor, the 5-year and 10-year survival rates, regardless of treatment given, are higher than '''90%'''. The prognosis is very good.<ref>Prognosis of Craniopharyngioma. Cancer gov. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#link/_40_toc</ref>. Patients can have a permanent cure if the tumor can be completely removed with surgery or treated with high doses of radiation. If the tumor returns, it will usually come back within the first 2 years after surgery.<ref>Prognosis. National Library of Medicine. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000345.htm</ref> The outlook depends on:
* Craniopharyngioma is a [[benign]] tumor, the [[Survival analysis|5-year and 10-year survival rates]], regardless of treatment given, are higher than 90%.<ref>Prognosis of Craniopharyngioma. Cancer gov. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#link/_40_toc</ref>
*Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery.
* Patients can have a permanent cure if the tumor can be completely removed with [[surgery]] or treated with high doses of [[radiation]].<ref>Prognosis. National Library of Medicine. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000345.htm</ref>  
*The neurological deficits and hormonal imbalances caused by the tumor and the treatment
* The outlook depends on whether or not the tumor can be removed by [[surgery]].
*The patient’s general health
*The [[Neurological disorders|neurological deficits]] and [[Hormone replacement therapy|hormonal imbalances]] caused by the [[tumor]] and the treatment the patient’s general health.


Recent research<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|last1=Sofela|first1=AA|last2=Hettige|first2=S|last3=Curran|first3=O|last4=Bassi|first4=S|title=Malignant transformation in craniopharyngiomas.|journal=Neurosurgery|date=Sep 2014|volume=75|issue=3|pages=306–14; discussion 314|pmid=24978859|doi=10.1227/NEU.0000000000000380}}</ref> has demonstrated a malignant (but rare) tendency of craniopharyngiomas. These malignant craniopharyngiomas are very rare, but are associated with ''poor''  prognosis.
* [[Research|Recent research]] has demonstrated  [[malignant|malignant  tendency of craniopharyngiomas]].
* These [[malignant]] craniopharyngiomas are very rare but are associated with [[Prognosis|poor  prognosis]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|last1=Sofela|first1=AA|last2=Hettige|first2=S|last3=Curran|first3=O|last4=Bassi|first4=S|title=Malignant transformation in craniopharyngiomas.|journal=Neurosurgery|date=Sep 2014|volume=75|issue=3|pages=306–14; discussion 314|pmid=24978859|doi=10.1227/NEU.0000000000000380}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 15:22, 26 February 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Marjan Khan M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

If left untreated, majority of patients with craniopharyngioma may progress to develop increased intracranial pressure, blindness and endocrine abnormalities. The prognosis of craniopharyngioma is good with treatment. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates are higher than 90%.

Natural History

Complications

Prognosis

References

  1. Wijnen M, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Janssen J, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Michiels E, van Veelen-Vincent MC, Dallenga A, van den Berge JH, van Rij CM, van der Lely AJ, Neggers S (June 2017). "Very long-term sequelae of craniopharyngioma". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 176 (6): 755–767. doi:10.1530/EJE-17-0044. PMID 28325825. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
  2. Complications of Craniopharyngioma. National library of medicine. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000345.htm
  3. Complications. Cancer gov. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#link/_40_toc
  4. Müller HL (June 2014). "Craniopharyngioma". Endocr. Rev. 35 (3): 513–43. doi:10.1210/er.2013-1115. PMID 24467716.
  5. Prognosis of Craniopharyngioma. Cancer gov. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#link/_40_toc
  6. Prognosis. National Library of Medicine. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000345.htm
  7. Sofela, AA; Hettige, S; Curran, O; Bassi, S (Sep 2014). "Malignant transformation in craniopharyngiomas". Neurosurgery. 75 (3): 306–14, discussion 314. doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000000380. PMID 24978859.


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