Actinomycosis: Difference between revisions

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'''For patient information click [[Actinomycosis(patient information)|here]]'''
{{Infobox_Disease |
{{Infobox_Disease |
   Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
   Name          = Actinomycosis |
   Image          = Actinomycosis.jpg |
   Image          = Actinomycosis.jpg |
   Caption        = A patient with Actinomycosis on the right side of the face. |
   Caption        = A patient with Actinomycosis on the right side of the face. |
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   OMIM          = |
   MedlinePlus    = |
   MedlinePlus    = |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
   MeshID        = D000196 |
   MeshID        = D000196 |
}}
}}
__NOTOC__
{{Actinomycosis}}
{{Actinomycosis}}
{{CMG}}
{{About1|Actinomyces israelii}}
 
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
 
{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{ADG}}
 
{{SK}} Actinomyces infection; Actinomyces israelii infection; Lumpy jaw;


==Overview==
==[[Actinomycosis overview|Overview]]==


==Causative organism==
==[[Actinomycosis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
Actinomycosis is primarily caused by any of several members of the bacterial [[genus]] ''[[Actinomyces]]''. These bacteria are generally [[Anaerobic organism|anaerobes]].<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | id = ISBN 0838585299 }}</ref> ''Actinomyces'' spp. normally live in the small spaces between the teeth and gums, causing infection only when they can multiply freely in anoxic environments. The three most common sites of infection are decayed teeth, the lungs, and the [[intestines]].


Since ''Actinomyces'' bacteria are generally sensitive to [[penicillin]], it is frequently used to treat actinomycosis.
==[[Actinomycosis classification|Classification]]==


== Pathophysiology & Etiology==  
==[[Actinomycosis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


* 6 species cause disease in humans:
==[[Actinomycosis causes|Causes]]==
*:* ''A. israelii''
*:* ''A. Naeslundii''
*:* ''A. odontolyticus''
*:* ''A. viscosus''
*:* ''A. Meyeri''
*:* ''A. gerencseriae''
* Gram positive filamentous rod
* Sulfur Granules
* Actinomyces from within, Nocardia from without
* Generally low pathogenicity and cause disease only in the setting of antecedent tissue injury


==[[Actinomycosis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Actinomycosis from other Diseases]]==


== Symptoms ==
==[[Actinomycosis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
* Cervicofacial Actinomycosis (55%)
*:* Acute painful [[pyogenic]] [[abscess]] or indolent angle-of-jaw mass
* Thoracic Actinomycosis  
*:* [[Lungs]]
*:* [[Pleura]]
*:* [[Mediastinum]]
*:* Chest wall ([[aspiration]], extension of cervicofacial disease, transdiaphragmatic or retroperitoneal spread)
*:*:* Clinical picture of  [[tuberculosis]] (TB) or [[malignancy]]
* [[Abdominal]] and [[Pelvic]] Actinomycosis
*:* Following:
*:*:* Penetrating [[trauma]]
*:*:* [[Gut perforation]]
*:*:* [[Surgical]] manipulation
*:* [[Ileocecal]] predilection
*:*:* Confused with:
*:*:*:* [[TB]]
*:*:*:* Ameboma
*:*:*:* Chronic appy
*:*:*:* [[Regional enteritis]]
*:*:*:* [[Carcinoma]]
*:*:*:* [[Intrauterine devices]] (IUD’s)
* [[Central Nervous System]] (CNS)
*:* [[Brain abscess]]
*:* [[Meningitis]]
*:* [[Meningoencephalitis]]
*:* [[Subdural empyema]]


== Pharmacotherapy ==
==[[Actinomycosis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


* In vitro susceptible to:
==[[Actinomycosis screening|Screening]]==
*:* [[Penicillin]]
*:* [[Chloramphenicol]]
*:* The [[tetracycline]]s
*:* [[Erythromycin]]
*:* [[Clindamycin]]
*:* [[Imipenem]]
*:* [[Streptomycin]]
*:* The [[cephalosporin]]s
*:*:* Prolonged treatment (6-12 months)


== Surgery and Device Based Therapy ==
==[[Actinomycosis natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
* [[Surgery]] often required for disease of the [[chest]], [[abdomen]], [[pelvis]], and [[central nervous system]] (CNS)


==References==
==Diagnosis==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
[[Actinomycosis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Actinomycosis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Actinomycosis laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Actinomycosis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]]  | [[Actinomycosis chest x ray|X Ray]] | [[Actinomycosis CT|CT]] | [[Actinomycosis MRI|MRI]] | [[Actinomycosis echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Actinomycosis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Actinomycosis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==External links==
==Treatment==
* [http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijid/vol6n1/actino.xml Journal of Infectious Diseases, Actinomycosis of the Tongue]
[[Actinomycosis medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Actinomycosis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Actinomycosis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]]  | [[Actinomycosis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Actinomycosis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Actinomycosis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


== Acknowledgements ==
== Acknowledgements ==
The content on this page was first contributed by: Dr. Steve Wiviott  
The content on this page was first contributed by: Dr. Steve Wiviott  


{{Bacterial diseases}}
{{Bacterial diseases}}
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{{SIB}}
[[de:Aktinomykose]]
[[gl:Actinomicose]]
[[hr:Aktinomikoza]]
[[nl:Actinomycose]]
[[pl:Promienica]]
[[pt:Actinomicose]]
[[sr:Актиномикоза]]
[[fi:Aktinomykoosi]]
[[uk:Актиномікоз]]
[[ro:Actinomicoza]]
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[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
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[[Category:Dermatology]]

Latest revision as of 16:16, 18 September 2017

Actinomycosis
A patient with Actinomycosis on the right side of the face.
ICD-10 A42
ICD-9 039
DiseasesDB 145
MeSH D000196

Actinomycosis Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Actinomycosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

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This page is about clinical aspects of the disease.  For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Actinomyces israelii.

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Actinomyces infection; Actinomyces israelii infection; Lumpy jaw;

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Actinomycosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by: Dr. Steve Wiviott

Template:Bacterial diseases

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