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| ref name="Ferri's Clinical Advisor">{{cite book |last=Ferri |first=Fred |title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017 |publisher=Elsevier |date=2017 |pages=117-117 |chapter=Chapter:Ascariasis |isbn=978-0-3232-8048-8}}</ref>
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| ref name="Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics">{{cite book |last1=Kliegman |first1=Robert |last2=Stanton |first2=Bonita |last3=St. Geme |first3=Joseph |last4=Schor |first4=Nina |title=Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition |publisher=Elsevier |date=2016 |pages=1733-1734 |chapter=Chapter 291:Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides) |isbn=978-1-4557-7566-8}}</ref>
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| ref name="Principles and Practice">{{cite book |last=Durand |first1=Marlene |title=Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition |publisher=Elsevier |date=2015 |pages=3199-3207 |chapter=Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms) |isbn=978-1-4557-4801-3}}</ref>
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| ref name="Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine">{{cite book |last1=Kim |first1=Kami |last2=Weiss |first2=Louis |last3=Tanowitz |first3=Herbert |title=Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition |publisher=Elsevier |date=2016 |pages=682-698 |chapter=Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections |isbn=978-1-4557-3383-5}}</ref>
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| (ferris and Nelson)
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| Ascaris infection occurs about 9-12 days after egg ingestion. The eggs are primarily transmitted from hand to mouth, but they may also be ingested in raw fruits and vegetables grown in soil contaminated with the eggs of ascaris.
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| Following ingestion, eggs hatch in the small intestine and the larvae penetrates the intestinal mucosa. The larvae then proceeds to the lungs via the venous circulation and migrates through the alveoli and the bronchial tree, resulting in pulmonary ascariasis.
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| The larvae are subsequently swallowed and return to the intestines where maturation into adult worms occur. The adult worms have a life span of 10-24 months within the human host. The adult male worms are 10-30cm long, while the adult female worms are larger and they measure up to 40cm long. Intestinal obstruction associated with perforation, volvulus and intussusception can occur in patients with large worm burdens. Worms can also migrate into the biliary tree resulting in biliary colic and pancreatitis. Migration of worms into the appendix can result in acute appendicitis.
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| The fecund female worm produces a very high output of eggs (about 200,000 eggs/day). The eggs are passed out of the intestine with the feces and they can survive for years in warm, moist, shaded soil
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