m (Protected "Aluminium chlorohydrate": Bot: Protecting all pages from category Drug ([Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)))
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{{SI}}
{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
|authorTag={{Ammu}}
|OTC=Yes
|genericName=aluminium chlorohydrate
|aOrAn=an
|drugClass=[[antiperspirant]]
|indicationType=treatment
|indication=reduces underarm perspiration, also decreases underarm sweating due to stress
'''Aluminium chlorohydrate''' is a group of [[salt]]s having the general formula [[Aluminium|Al]]<sub>n</sub>[[Chloride|Cl]]<sub>(3n-m)</sub>([[Hydroxide|OH]])<sub>m</sub>. It is used in [[deodorant]]s and [[antiperspirant]]s and as a [[flocculation|flocculant]] in [[water purification]].
<!--Adult Indications and Dosage-->
In water purification, where it is usually called ''polyaluminium chloride'', this compound is preferred in some cases because the [[PH|pH value]] can be varied according to the exact values chosen for the subscripts <sub>n</sub> and <sub>m</sub> in the pattern formula. Although many variations are used, an especially important combination is Al<sub>12</sub>Cl<sub>12</sub>(OH)<sub>24</sub>. The actual pH correlates to the formula m/(3n).
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)-->
|fdaLIADAdult=* Reduces underarm perspiration
* Also decreases underarm sweating due to stress
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
==Structure==
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
Aluminium chlorohydrate is best described as an inorganic polymer and as such is difficult to structurally characterise. However, techniques such as [[Gel permeation chromatography]], [[X-ray crystallography]] and <sup>27</sup>Al-NMR have been used in research by various groups including that of Nazar <ref>{{cite journal | title=Speciation and Thermal Transformation in Alumina Sols: Structures of the Polyhydroxyoxoaluminum Cluster [Al30O8(OH)56(H2O)26]18+ and Its d-Keggin Moiety | author=L.C. Rowsell and L.F. Nazar | work=J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2000), 122(15), 3777 }}</ref> and Laden
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
<ref>{{cite book | title=Antiperspirants and Deodorants (Cosmetic Science & Technology) | author=Karl Laden and Carl B. Felger}}</ref> to show that the material is based on Al<sub>13</sub> units with a [[Keggin structure|Keggin ion]] structure and that this base unit then undergoes complex transformations to form larger poly-aluminium complexes.
==Synthesis==
<!--Pediatric Indications and Dosage-->
Aluminum Chlorohydrate can be commercially manufactured by reacting aluminum with [[hydrochloric acid]]. A number of aluminum-containing raw materials can be used, including [[aluminum]] [[metal]], [[alumina trihydrate]], [[aluminum chloride]], [[aluminum sulfate]] and combinations of these. The products can contain by-product salts, such as [[sodium chloride|sodium]]/[[calcium chloride|calcium]]/[[magnesium chloride|magnesium]] [[chloride]] or [[sulfate]]<ref> {{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Liquid Polyaluminum Chloride | place= | publisher = [[American Water Works Association]] | year = 1993 | location = | volume = | edition = B408-93 | url = | doi = | id = }}</ref>.
==Uses==
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
The variation most commonly used in deodorants and antiperspirants is Al<sub>2</sub>Cl(OH)<sub>5</sub>. There is no scientific evidence supporting widespread rumors that aluminum salts in deodorants can cause [[Alzheimer's disease]] or [[breast cancer]].
|fdaLIADPed=There is limited information regarding <i>FDA-Labeled Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
Amongst others, research published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute<ref>{{cite web | url=http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/94/20/1578 | title=Antiperspirant Use and the Risk of Breast Cancer | author=Dana K. Mirick, Scott Davis, David B. Thomas | year=October 16, 2002 | work=Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 94, No. 20, 1578-1580 | accessdate=2007-05-10 }}</ref> found no evidence whatsoever that these compounds increase the risk of breast cancer. However, aluminium is a neurotoxin that alters the function of the blood-brain barrier<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2671833&dopt=Citation</ref>, and it is one of the few abundant elements that appears to have no beneficial function to living cells.
|offLabelPedGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
<br>
Aluminium chlorohydrate
==References==
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
<div class="references-small">
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
<!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->
<references/>
</div>
<!--
* 1; L.C. Rowsell and L.F. Nazar, Speciation and Thermal Transformation in Alumina Sols: Structures of the Polyhydroxyoxoaluminum Cluster [Al30O8(OH)56(H2O)26]18+ and Its d-Keggin Moiety, ''J. Am. Chem. Soc.'' (2000), '''122(15)''', 3777.
* 2: Antiperspirants and Deodorants (Cosmetic Science & Technology) by Karl Laden and Carl B. Felger
-->
==External links==
<!--Contraindications-->
* {{ATC|D09|AA08}}, {{ATC|M05|BX02}}
|contraindications=<!--Warnings-->
|warnings=* For external use only.
* Flammable, keep away from fire or flame.
* Do not use on broken skin
* Ask a doctor before use if you have kidney disease
* Stop use if rash or irritation occurs
* Keep out of reach of children.
* If accidentally swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
|clinicalTrials=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Trial Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
|postmarketing=There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
|drugInteractions=<!--Use in Specific Populations-->
|useInPregnancyFDA=* '''Pregnancy Category'''
|useInPregnancyAUS=* '''Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category'''
{{Medicated dressings}}
There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of {{PAGENAME}} in women who are pregnant.
{{Drugs for treatment of bone diseases}}
|useInLaborDelivery=There is no FDA guidance on use of {{PAGENAME}} during labor and delivery.
[[Category:Aluminium compounds]]
|useInNursing=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to nursing mothers.
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
|useInPed=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to pediatric patients.
|useInGeri=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to geriatric patients.
|useInGender=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific gender populations.
|useInRace=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific racial populations.
|useInRenalImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with renal impairment.
|useInHepaticImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with hepatic impairment.
|useInReproPotential=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in women of reproductive potentials and males.
|useInImmunocomp=There is no FDA guidance one the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients who are immunocompromised.
<!--Administration and Monitoring-->
|administration=* [[Topical]]
|monitoring=There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
|IVCompat=There is limited information regarding <i>IV Compatibility</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Overdosage-->
|overdose=There is limited information regarding <i>Chronic Overdose</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Pharmacology-->
<!--Drug box 2-->
|drugBox=<!--Mechanism of Action-->
|mechAction=<!--Structure-->
|structure=*
: [[File:{{PAGENAME}}01.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
<!--Pharmacodynamics-->
|PD=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacodynamics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Pharmacokinetics-->
|PK=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacokinetics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
|nonClinToxic=There is limited information regarding <i>Nonclinical Toxicology</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Clinical Studies-->
|clinicalStudies=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--How Supplied-->
|packLabel=[[File:Aluminium chlorohydrate 01.jpg|thumb|none|400px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
[[File:Aluminium chlrohydrate 02.png|thumb|none|400px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
|fdaPatientInfo=* Apply to underarms only.
<!--Precautions with Alcohol-->
|alcohol=* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
<!--Brand Names-->
|brandNames=* ANTIPERSPIRANT®<ref>{{Cite web | title =ANTIPERSPIRANT- aluminum chlorohydrate spray | url =http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4aad51ee-d778-4547-b123-e19ac60171ca }}</ref>
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Overview
Aluminium chlorohydrate is an antiperspirant that is FDA approved for the treatment of reduces underarm perspiration, also decreases underarm sweating due to stress. Common adverse reactions include rash, irritation.
Adult Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)
Reduces underarm perspiration
Also decreases underarm sweating due to stress
Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)
Guideline-Supported Use
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Aluminium chlorohydrate in adult patients.
Non–Guideline-Supported Use
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Aluminium chlorohydrate in adult patients.
Pediatric Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)
There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Aluminium chlorohydrate in pediatric patients.
Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)
Guideline-Supported Use
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Aluminium chlorohydrate in pediatric patients.
Non–Guideline-Supported Use
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Aluminium chlorohydrate in pediatric patients.
Contraindications
There is limited information regarding Aluminium chlorohydrate Contraindications in the drug label.
Warnings
For external use only.
Flammable, keep away from fire or flame.
Do not use on broken skin
Ask a doctor before use if you have kidney disease
Stop use if rash or irritation occurs
Keep out of reach of children.
If accidentally swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
Adverse Reactions
Clinical Trials Experience
There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Aluminium chlorohydrate in the drug label.
Postmarketing Experience
There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Aluminium chlorohydrate in the drug label.
Drug Interactions
There is limited information regarding Aluminium chlorohydrate Drug Interactions in the drug label.
