Property:AnswerAExp
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By increasing heart rate and contractility and by stimulating β1 receptor expression, thyroid hormones cause an increase in fatty acid metabolism rather than a decrease. +
Caseous (cheese) necrosis is a necrosis of the exudative alveolar lesions due to alveolar injury. It develops by the action of the cytotoxic T-cells that kill macrophages infected with ''M. tuberculosis'', resulting in collateral destruction of the surrounding tissue. The destructive process results in a acellular, cheese-like material in the center of the granuloma which contains activated macrophages, CD4 helper T cells and multinucleated giant cells. The cheese-like appearance of caseous necrosis is due to the presence of lipids from the tubercle bacilli within the necrosis +
The ''CDKN2A'' tumor suppressor gene encodes cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A. ''CDKN2A'' mutations are associated with familial melanoma. +
Fructose accumulation causes essential fructosuria, which would result in the deficiency of fructokinase. It is a benign condition, and patients are usually asymptomatic. +
Respect for authority is not an ethical principle of medicine. Respect of authority refers to a person's abiding by the rules set by authorities. A citizen who abides by the laws set by the government or a child who abides by the rules set by his parents are 2 examples of respect for authority. +
Acting out is an immature defense mechanism characterized by expressing unacceptable feelings and thoughts through actions. For example, instead of saying, “I’m angry with you,” a person who acts out may instead throw a book at the person. Tantrums among children are an example of acting out. +
Primary ciliary dyskinesia or Kartagener syndrome is caused by a dynein arm defect leading to a lack in effective ciliary motility. Dynein arm defects are not associated with Chediac-Higashi syndrome. +
Cartilage, vitreous body of the eye, and nucleus pulposus are all examples of type II collagen. +
The redness and warmth are due to histamine-mediated vasodilation of arterioles, not due to vasoconstriction of arterioles. +
Ependymoma is a brain tumor that arises from the ependymal cells, which are cells that secrete CSF. Ependymoma and other brain tumors are a cause of syringomyelia, but they are not the most common cause. +
Arginine is not usually supplemented in patients with PKU. Arginine is a nonessential amino acid, which serves as a precursor for nitric oxide synthesis. +
Myotonic dystrophy is not an autosomal recessive disorder. An example of an autosomal recessive disease is phenylketonuria. +
Takayasu arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large arteries, such as the proximal aorta and its large branches. It is common in young women. Pathogenesis of Takayasu arteritis is characterized by granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis, especially in the medial layer of the arterial wall. Although a large number of patients with vasculitis do not show any increase in inflammatory markers, classically vasculitis is still considered a systemic inflammation with elevated acute phase reactants. +
Northern blots are used to detect RNA, not DNA. The patient’s RNA is subjected to electrophoresis and probed with a labeled DNA probe. +
Patients with Down syndrome are at an increased risk of leukemias, including ALL. The precise reasons why Down syndrome increases the probability of developing ALL is unknown. Cases of ALL arising in Down syndrome children share a similar set of genomic alterations as cases arising in children with euploid genomes. +
Sixty years is the median lifespan of patients with Down Syndrome. However, many patients with Down syndrome are affected by Alzheimer’s disease between the ages of 40 and 50. +
Mutations in the genes encoding presenilin 1 (chromosome 14) and presenilin 2 (chromosome 1) proteins cause early-onset forms of familial Alzheimer’s disease. However, presinilin mutations are not associated with Down syndrome. +