Property:AnswerEExp
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GABA has no role in pupillary constriction. Although the oculomotor nerve is involved, due to the activation of receptors in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, the activated receptors are of opioid type, not GABA. +
This refers to the reuptake of neurotransmitters, usually inhibited by substances like amphetamines and cocaine. Reuptake inhibition is not seen in botulism. +
This loop shows increased end systolic volume and increased end diastolic volume with a decrease in afterload usually seen in patients with acute heart failure. +
Point E represents the union of the C8-T1 roots of the brachial plexus. This area can be injured in Klumpke palsy, causing a total claw deformity of the hand due to lumbrical dysfunction. +
HDL increases insulin secretion through AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle, thus, mediating glucose metabolism especially among patients with type 2 diabetes. +
Incorrect. Alternative birth control methods should be sought and the patient should be referred to a psychiatrist, but this should be after supportive therapies have been implemented +
Incorrect. Smoking cessation exerts about 5% increase in the serum level of HDL but has positive effect on lowering the serum levels of HDL. +
HIV patients with CD4 < 50 cells/mL may develop cryptococcal meningitis, CMV retinitis, and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). HIV patients with CD4 < 50 cells/mL require once-weekly azythromycin against MAC. +
Agenesis is not characterized by the early development and regression of primordial tissue. +
The Tat gene product is important for regulating reverse transcription and release of the virions from the infected cells. Mutations do not cause protease inhibitor resistance. +
'''Incorrect'''-Peritoneal lavage is not useful in the diagnosis of genitourinary injuries, as the structures involved are retroperitoneal. +
'''Correct'''-Seventy to eighty percent of patients with blunt renal trauma are successfully treated nonsurgically. Bed rest may reduce the likelihood of secondary hemorrhage; antibiotics may reduce the chance of development of infection in a perirenal hematoma. Monitoring of blood count and vital signs will be essential in case of secondary bleeding. +
Hyperplasia is defined as tissue growth due to the increase in the number of cells. Barrett's esophagus is not a form of hyperplasia. An example of hyperplasia is benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) among men older than 50 years of age. +
Dopamine D2 receptors are involved in the inhibitory or indirect pathway that causes a net decrease in locomotor activity. A defect in the inhibitory pathway, such as a subthalamic nucleus lesion, results in a shift of the balance toward the excitatory pathway and increased movement, which is observed in hemiballismus, chorea, and athetosis. +