Property:AnswerAExp
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Prazosin is an alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist (alpha blocker). Prazosin is typically associated with orthostatic hypotension and nasal congestion. +
Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that is effective in the management of Raynaud's phenomenon. +
Reduced chloride absorption in sweat ducts is observed in patients with CF. In the absence of chloride flow in cystic fibrosis, sodium ions do not flow through ENaC despite upregulation of the ENaC channel, leading to greater salt and water loss. As such, patients' skin tastes salty. A chloride sweat test, which detects the concentration of salt on the patient's skin, is a diagnostic test of CF. +
Colchicine is a mitotic poison that inhibits microtubule polymerization by binding to tubulin. The mitosis-inhibiting function of colchicine has been utilized in karyotype studies. Arresting cells in metaphase by adding colchicine facilitates visualization of chromosomes under a light microscope. Apart from inhibiting mitosis, colchicine also inhibits neutrophil motility and produces an anti-inflammatory effect. +
Café au lait macules may be associated with several diseases, including neurofibromatosis type I, McCune–Albright syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Fanconi anemia, ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, Gaucher disease, Hunter syndrome, and Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome. +
For mild-to-moderate PCP alternative therapeutic regimens include either dapsone plus TMP, primaquine plus clindamycin, or atovaquone. However, atovaquone generally does not cause hemolytic anemia. +
The pink material resembling fibrin in the wall of this arteriole is indicative of fibrinoid necrosis as a consequence of malignant hypertension. Hyaline arteriolosclerosis is a major morphologic characteristic of benign nephrosclerosis, in which the arteriolar narrowing causes impairment of renal blood supply and a reduction in glomerular filtration rate leading to increased renin secretion and decreased renal function. +
Coronary artery disease is defined as presence of a lesion that obstructs > 50% of at least one of the epicardial arteries. Symptoms of stable angina usually do not develop until the lesion obstrucs > 75% of the lumen. +
Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages (reticuloendothelial cells) in the liver. They play a role in the hepatic response to toxic compounds but are not the main storage site of vitamin A metabolites. +
This is an important diagnostic step and can be done, but after the surgical team is informed. +
Incorrect- This drug should not be avoided as it does not have extrapyramidal side effects. +
Incorrect- While alcohol can present with psychotic symptoms, it more commonly creates a depressed picture. +
Aplasia refers to the failure of an organ to develop despite the presence of primordial tissue. +
HHV-6 causes Roseola, a macular rash over the body that appears several days after a high-grade fever. +
Incorrect- It is an appropriate treatment for mania but it may take several days to weeks before significant therapeutic effects are achieved. +
Oxygen-induced constriction of the ductus arteriosus fails in preterm infants potentially due to immaturity of oxygen-sensing receptors. Smooth muscle relaxation of the ductus arteriosus results from the activation of the G-coupled prostaglandin receptor EP4 by PGE2. Within 1– 5 days after a full-term birth, the ductus arteriosus closes as a result of increased oxygen tension and decreased circulating PGE2 and prostacyclins (PGI2). +