Property:AnswerCExp
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Sleep spindles and K-complexes are characteristics of NREM stage 2. Bruxism occurs commonly during this stage. +
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is associated with previous exposure to napthylamine compounds (used in the manufacture of aniline synthetic dyes). +
Neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that can be used to reverse neuromuscular junction blockade and treat myasthenia gravis. It is ineffective for the treatment of postoperative ileus. +
Treprostinil is a synthetic analog of prostacyclin (PGI2). While treprostinil has been shown to improve symptoms for a subset of patients with pulmonary hypertension, it does not act through endothelin receptors. +
Disulfiram is an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme that metabolizes acetaldehyde to acetate. The accumulation of acetaldehyde caused by concurrent disulfiram and ethanol ingestion causes unpleasant side effects. For this reason, disulfiram is used to help alcoholics stop drinking. +
The intercostal space contains the intercostal Vein, Artery, and Nerve (VAN) in that order from superior to inferior. Note that the question asks for the order from inferior to superior. +
GLUT3 is primarily expressed in neurons and does not translocate to the cell membrane with exercise. +
While digoxin has an inotropic effect, it is not appropriate for counteracting beta-blocker overdose. +
The mediastinal lymph nodes lie in the center of the chest, particularly along the trachea. The mediastinal lymph nodes give rise to the lymphatic ducts, which drain the lymph to the subclavian vein. While seminomas can present as primary tumors in the mediastinum, in this case we know that the primary is in the testes. Thus, we need to only assess the lymphatic drainage of the testes (para-aortic). +
The para-aortic lymph nodes drain the testes and the lower gastrointestinal tract. The superficial inguinal lymph node is a more proximal site of lymphatic drainage for the rectum than the para-aortic lymph nodes. +
The transversus abdominis is forms the innermost layer of the abdominal muscles, found deep to the internal abdominal oblique muscle. Its aponeurosis gives rise to the line alba. +
This is the mechanism of action of propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker. Although propranolol may be used for migraine prophylaxis, it is not an abortive therapy. +
Corticosteroids are often used for treatment of leukemias, and may help to decrease the intensity of the anti-tumor response in this patient but they are not first-line agents for tumor lysis syndrome. +
Squamous cell carcinoma is often characterized macroscopically by a slow growing, erythematous, ulcerating lesion on a sun-exposed area. The rapidly growing mass in this vignette and its spontaneous regression is inconsistent with squamous cell carcinoma. +
''S. epidermidis'' is a catalase-positive, coagulase-negative, gram-positive coccus with novobiocin sensitivity. ''S. epidermidis'' is a component of the normal skin flora but can become pathogenic typically by infecting prosthetic devices. It is a common cause of endocarditis among patients with artificial valves. +