Property:AnswerEExp
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Severe vomiting typically causes metabolic alkalosis due to loss of gastric. In vomiting, pH would have been > 7.4 with elevated bicarbonate concentration. +
Post-infectious cough is defined as cough that persists after the symptoms of the primary infection have resolved. Post-infectious cough may be acute (up to 3 weeks), subacute (3 to 8 weeks), or chronic (more than 8 weeks). It is usually a self-limited condition, and the majority of patients do not require any treatment. A minority of patients may require inhaled ipratropium bromide, inhaled or oral steroids, or even central antitussive agents (such as codeine) for symptomatic relief. Neither acetazolamide nor furosemide has any role in post-infectious cough. +
Alport syndrome is not considered a polygenic disease. Common polygenic diseases include schizophrenia and heart disease. Polygenic disease refers to a disease in which multiple genetic loci are thought to contribute to disease risk in the same individual (many risk/protective alleles of low affect size). This concept is distinct from the idea of locus heterogeneity, where mutations in separate genes can cause the same Mendelian syndrome. Alport syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are examples of Mendelian diseases with locus heterogeneity. +
Properdin is a component of the alternative pathway. Similar to C3 and C5, its serum concentration also decreases in APSGN. +
This combination is most suitable because it includes 2 NRTIs (tenofovir + emtricitabine) and 1 integrase inhibitor. +
Pralidoxime is a sympathomimetic drug used in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning. It has no role in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia. +
Chronic asbestos exposure is associated with Asbestos bodies on BAL that are golden-brown structures resembling dumbbells. +
'''Correct'''-Papillary carcinoma is relatively a nonaggressive lesion with long-term survival (>20 years) of more than 90%. The lesion is frequently multicentric and rarely an isolated lesion as described above, which argues for more complete resection. Removal of the involved lobe, and possibly the entire thyroid gland, is appropriate. Bilateral disease mandates total thyroidectomy. Metastases, when they occur, are usually responsive to surgical resection or radioablation therapy. Central and lateral lymph node dissection is performed for clinically suspect lymph nodes along with thyroidectomy. Considering the indolent nature of thyroid cancer, thyroidectomy is usually delayed until the postpartum period to minimize maternal and fetal complications. This approach does not have a negative impact on prognosis. When surgery for thyroid cancer is deferred, the patient should be monitored with thyroid ultrasound during each trimester and thyroid hormone suppressive therapy with a goal of maintaining the TSH in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 mU/L. +
'''Incorrect'''-Neurogenic shock follows a spinal cord injury (warm skin, bradycardia, neurologic deficits) and is characterized by a decreased PCWP. +
'''Incorrect'''-Patients with pseudo hypoparathyroidism will have low serum calcium, high serum phosphate and high serum PTH. Serum alkaline phosphatase and calcitriol levels will be normal. +
Mexiletine is a class IB anti-arrhythmic. Similarly to all other class I agents, it decreases the slope of phase 0. Mexiletine decreases APD, and ERP but has no effect on the QT interval. +
Displacement an immature defense mechanism in which the individual transfers undesirable feelings towards a someone to a neutral person or object. +
Metronidazole is the treatment of choice for ''E. histolytica''. However, metronidazole cannot eradicate the intestinal cysts, and patients require iodoquinol, paromomycin, or diloxanide furoate for cyst eradication. +
'''Incorrect''' : Many patients with AS have restrictions in chest expansion due to costovertebral rigidity. Due to lung fibrosis, chest X-rays may show apical fibrosis while pulmonary function testing may reveal a restrictive lung defect. +