View source for Tert-Butylhydroquinone

{{lowercase|tert-Butylhydroquinone}}
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| align="center" width="300" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Tert-butylhydroquinone.png|200px|{{PAGENAME}}]] 
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! {{chembox header}} | General
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| [[IUPAC nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| 2-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-1,4-benzenediol 
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| Other names
| TBHQ(i)
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]]
| <small>CC(C)(C)c1cc(O)ccc1O</small>
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| [[Molar mass]]
| 166.22 g/mol
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| Appearance
| Tan powder
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [1948-33-0]
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! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| ? g/cm³, ? <!-- ? g/cm³, solid / ? g/ml, liquid / ? g/l, gas -->
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| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| Insoluble
|-
<!-- | Other solvents e.g. [[ethanol]], [[acetone]] -->
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| [[Melting point]]
| 127-129 °C
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| [[Boiling point]]
| ?°C (? K)
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''K''<sub>a</sub>) <!-- omit if not an acid or a base.  If several values, be clear -->
| ?
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! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
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! {{chembox header}} | Hazards <!--  Summary only- MSDS entry provides more complete information -->
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/BU/tert-butyl_hydroquinone.html External MSDS]
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| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| Harmful
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| [[NFPA 704]]
| <!-- {{NFPA 704 | Health=4 | Flammability=4 | Reactivity=4 | Other=OX }} These are set on "very dangerous" as default- adjust according to actual values -->
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| [[Flash point]]
| ? °C
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| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{R22}} <br /> [[List of S-phrases|S]]: {{S26}} {{S27}} {{S28}}
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| [[RTECS]] number
| ?
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! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
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| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and<br />properties]]
| [[Refractive index|''n'']], [[Dielectric constant|ε<sub>r</sub>]], etc.
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| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic<br />data]]
| Phase behaviour<br />Solid, liquid, gas
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| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
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! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Related compounds
| [[Butylated hydroxyanisole]] (BHA)<br>[[4-tert-Butylcatechol]] (TBC)
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| {{chembox header}} | <small>Except where noted otherwise, data are given for<br /> materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25&nbsp;°C, 100&nbsp;kPa)]]<br />[[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]</small>
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'''''tert''-Butylhydroquinone''' ('''TBHQ''', '''tertiary butylhydroquinone''') is an [[aromatic]] [[organic compound]] which is a type of [[phenol]]. It is a derivative of [[hydroquinone]], substituted with ''tert''-[[butyl]] group.  

==Applications==

TBHQ is a highly effective [[antioxidant]] for unsaturated [[vegetable oil]]s and many edible animal fats. It does not cause discoloration even in the presence of iron, and does not change flavor nor odor of the material it is added to. It can be combined with other antioxidants such as [[butylated hydroxyanisole]] (BHA). As [[food additive]], its [[E number]] is '''E319''', where it is used as an antioxidant. It is added to a wide range of foods, with highest limit (1000 mg/kg) permitted for frozen fish and fish products. Its primary advantage is enhancing storage life.

It is used industrially as a [[Stabilizer (chemistry)|stabilizer]] to inhibit autopolymerization of [[organic peroxide]]s. In perfumery, it is used as a fixative to lower the evaporation rate and improve stability. It is also added to [[varnish]]es, [[lacquer]]s, [[resin]]s, and oil field additives.

==Carcinogenicity==
In high doses, it has some negative health effects on lab animals, such as precursors to stomach tumors and damage to DNA.<ref>[http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v35je03.htm Tert-Butylhydroquinone] - safety summary from The International Programme on Chemical Safety</ref>  A number of studies have shown that prolonged exposure to TBHQ may induce carcinogenity.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gharavi N, El-Kadi A |title=tert-Butylhydroquinone is a novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand |journal=Drug Metab Dispos |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=365-72 |year=2005 |pmid=15608132}}</ref> Other studies, however, have shown protective effects for TBHQ and other phenolic antioxidants.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hirose M, Takahashi S, Ogawa K, Futakuchi M, Shirai T, Shibutani M, Uneyama C, Toyoda K, Iwata H |title=Chemoprevention of heterocyclic amine-induced carcinogenesis by phenolic compounds in rats |journal=Cancer Lett |volume=143 |issue=2 |pages=173-8 |year=1999 |pmid=10503899}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Butylhydroquinone, tert-}}
[[Category:Benzenediols]]
[[Category:Food antioxidants]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}