View source for Subarachnoid hemorrhage other diagnostic studies

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{{Subarachnoid hemorrhage}}

{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SaraM}}

==Overview==
Other diagnostic studies for subarachnoid hemorrhage include spinal angiography and surgical exploration. <ref name="pmid8587690">{{cite journal| author=Tatter SB, Crowell RM, Ogilvy CS| title=Aneurysmal and microaneurysmal "angiogram-negative" subarachnoid hemorrhage. | journal=Neurosurgery | year= 1995 | volume= 37 | issue= 1 | pages= 48-55 | pmid=8587690 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8587690  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9817413">{{cite journal| author=Kinouchi H, Mizoi K, Takahashi A, Nagamine Y, Koshu K, Yoshimoto T| title=Dural arteriovenous shunts at the craniocervical junction. | journal=J Neurosurg | year= 1998 | volume= 89 | issue= 5 | pages= 755-61 | pmid=9817413 | doi=10.3171/jns.1998.89.5.0755 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9817413  }} </ref>
==Other diagnostic studies==
===Surgical exploration===
Surgical exploration is not a routine diagnostic evaluation. However, It is the best diagnostic aspect in diagnosis of ruptured aneurysm and it has a diagnostic value even after two or more negative angiograms.<ref name="pmid8587690">{{cite journal| author=Tatter SB, Crowell RM, Ogilvy CS| title=Aneurysmal and microaneurysmal "angiogram-negative" subarachnoid hemorrhage. | journal=Neurosurgery | year= 1995 | volume= 37 | issue= 1 | pages= 48-55 | pmid=8587690 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8587690  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3200381">{{cite journal| author=Di Lorenzo N, Guidetti G| title=Anterior communicating aneurysm missed at angiography: report of two cases treated surgically. | journal=Neurosurgery | year= 1988 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | pages= 494-9 | pmid=3200381 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3200381  }} </ref>
===Spinal angiography===
Spinal angiography also should be considered in patient with SAH especially after:<ref name="pmid9817413">{{cite journal| author=Kinouchi H, Mizoi K, Takahashi A, Nagamine Y, Koshu K, Yoshimoto T| title=Dural arteriovenous shunts at the craniocervical junction. | journal=J Neurosurg | year= 1998 | volume= 89 | issue= 5 | pages= 755-61 | pmid=9817413 | doi=10.3171/jns.1998.89.5.0755 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9817413  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17401739">{{cite journal| author=van Beijnum J, Straver DC, Rinkel GJ, Klijn CJ| title=Spinal arteriovenous shunts presenting as intracranial subarachnoid haemorrhage. | journal=J Neurol | year= 2007 | volume= 254 | issue= 8 | pages= 1044-51 | pmid=17401739 | doi=10.1007/s00415-006-0485-4 | pmc=2779417 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17401739  }} </ref>
*A clinical suspicion for a spinal vascular anomaly (prominent back/neck pain and radicular on examination) 
*Presence of abnormal finding on other neuroimaging studies

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Neurosurgery]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]