View source for Sinusitis resident survival guide (pediatrics)

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| [[Sinusitis resident survival guide (pediatrics)|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{ Samah Obaiah}}

{{SK}}

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! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 85%; background: #A8A8A8" align=center| {{fontcolor|#2B3B44|Sinusitis resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters}}
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! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Sinusitis resident survival guide (pediatrics)#Overview|Overview]]
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! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Sinusitis resident survival guide (pediatrics)#Causes|Causes]]
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! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Sinusitis resident survival guide (pediatrics)#FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation|FIRE]]
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! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Sinusitis resident survival guide (pediatrics)#Complete Diagnostic Approach|Diagnosis]]
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! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Sinusitis resident survival guide (pediatrics)#Treatment|Treatment]]
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! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Sinusitis resident survival guide (pediatrics)#Do's|Do's]]
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! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Sinusitis resident survival guide (pediatrics)#Don'ts|Don'ts]]
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==Overview==
Since inflammation of the sinuses rarely occurs without concurrent inflammation of the nasal mucosa, the term "rhinosinusitis" is preferred to "sinusitis" which is defined as inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Infections in the respiratory tract — most commonly colds — can inflame and thicken in sinus membranes and block mucus drainage. These infections can be viral, bacterial, or fungal. Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is defined as symptomatic inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses lasting less than four weeks. Acute viral rhinosinusitis (AVRS) focuses on symptomatic management as it typically resolves within 7 to 10 days. Acute bacterial sinusitis is a complication of viral upper respiratory infection (URI) or allergic inflammation.  Acute sinusitis has been observed that between 6% and 7% of children seeking care for respiratory symptoms have an illness. The sinuses in the forehead don't start developing until kids are 9 or 12 years old and aren't formed enough to get infected until the early teen years for that, cold-related headaches in young kids usually aren't sinus infections. The most common bacteria that cause acute sinusitis include; Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis<ref name="pmid1527337">{{cite journal| author=Gwaltney JM, Scheld WM, Sande MA, Sydnor A| title=The microbial etiology and antimicrobial therapy of adults with acute community-acquired sinusitis: a fifteen-year experience at the University of Virginia and review of other selected studies. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 1992 | volume= 90 | issue= 3 Pt 2 | pages= 457-61; discussion 462 | pmid=1527337 | doi=10.1016/0091-6749(92)90169-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1527337  }} </ref>.

==Causes==
===Common Causes===
* [[A viral infection]]
* [[Bacterial infection ]]
* [[Fungal infection]]
* [[Allergic sinusitis]]
* [[Nasal polyps]]
* [[Deviated nasal septum]]
* [[Immune system-related diseases can lead to nasal blockage]]
* [[A dental infection]]
* [[Aspirin sensitivity]]
* [[ Prolonged intubation lead to nosocomial bacterial sinusitis ]]

*[[Nose injury]]
*[[Foreign object in the nose]]
*[[Birth defect]] with an abnormality of the roof of the mouth ([[cleft palate]])
* Problem with [[stomach acids]] ([[gastroesophageal reflux]] disease, or GERD)
*[[Cystic fibrosis]] and [[immunodeficiency syndromes]]

Immune problems or antibody deficiencies are risks for chronic sinus conditions

==Complete Diagnostic Approach==
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of <nowiki>[[disease name]]</nowiki> according the the [...] guidelines.
{{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}}
{{familytree | | | | A01 | | | A01=Symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis:-
 Purulent anterior nasal discharge 
 Purulent or discolored posterior nasal discharge 
 Nasal congestion or obstruction 
 Facial congestion or fullness  
 Hyposmia or anosmia  
 Fever 
 Headache 
 Ear pain, pressure, or fullness 
 Halitosis 
 Dental pain 
 Fatigue  }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | B01 | | | B01=Sinus X-rays.
 An X-ray exam of the sinuses may help with the diagnosis.
CT scan of the sinuses.
 A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body.
 They are more detailed than X-rays.
Cultures from the sinuses.
 A swab of discharge from the nose may be taken. The sample is checked for bacteria or other germs. }}
{{familytree | | |,|-|^|-|.| | }}
{{familytree | | C01 | | C02 | C01= | C02= }}

{{familytree/end}}

==Treatment==
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of <nowiki>[[disease name]]</nowiki> according the the [...] guidelines.
{{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | A01 |A01= }} 
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | }}
{{familytree | | | B01 | | | | | | | | B02 | | |B01= |B02= }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | | C01 | | | | | | | | |!| |C01= }}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|.| | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | D01 | | D02 | | | | | | D03 |D01= |D02= |D03= }}
{{familytree | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|.| }}
{{familytree | E01 | | | | | | | E02 | | | E03 |E01= |E02= |E03= }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | F01 | | | F02 |F01= |F02= }}
{{familytree/end}}

==Do's==
* The content in this section is in bullet points.

==Don'ts==
* The content in this section is in bullet points.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category: Projects]]
[[Category:Resident survival guide]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Primary care]]