View source for Muscarinic antagonist

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==Overview==
A '''muscarinic receptor antagonist''' is an agent that reduces the activity of the [[muscarinic acetylcholine receptor]]. Most of them are synthetic, but [[scopolamine]] [[atropine]] are belladonna alkaloids, and are naturally extracted.

Important<ref name=Rang147> {{cite book |author=Rang, H. P. |title=Pharmacology |publisher=Churchill Livingstone |location=Edinburgh |year=2003 |pages= |isbn=0-443-07145-4 |oclc= |doi=}} Page 147 </ref> muscarinic agonists include [[atropine]], [[hyoscine]], [[ipratropium]], [[tropicamide]], [[cyclopentolate]] and [[pirenzepine]].

==Comparison table==
{|class="wikitable"
!Substance
!Trade names
!Mechanism<ref name=Rang147Unless> Unless else specified in table boxes, then ref is: {{cite book |author=Rang, H. P. |title=Pharmacology |publisher=Churchill Livingstone |location=Edinburgh |year=2003 |pages= |isbn=0-443-07145-4 |oclc= |doi=}} Page 147 </ref>
!Clinical use<ref name=Rang147Unless/>
!Adverse effects<ref name=Rang147Unless/>
|-
| [[Atropine]] (D/L-[[Hyoscyamine]])
| 
| non-selective antagonism, CNS stimulation
|
*in [[anaesthesia]]
*[[anticholinesterase poisoning]]
*[[bradycardia]]
*[[antispasmodic]] in gastrointestinal [[hypermotility]]
|
*[[urinary retention]]
*[[xerostomia]]
*[[blurred vision]]
|-
| [[Scopolamine]] (L-Hyoscine)
| 
| non-selective antagonism, CNS depression
|
* as atropine
* [[motion sickness]]
|
* as atropine
* [[sedation]]
|-
| [[Ipratropium]]
| 
| non-selective antagonism, without any [[mucociliary excretion]] inhibition.
|
*in [[asthma]] and [[bronchitis]]
|
|-
| [[Tropicamide]]
| 
| short acting non-selective antagonism, CNS depression
|
*produce [[mydriasis]] and [[cycloplegia]] in diagnostics
|
* may cause [[ocular hypertension]]
|-
| [[Pirenzepine]]
| 
| [[M1 receptor]]-selective antagonist
*inhibits [[gastric secretion]]
|
*in [[peptic ulcer]] (not much anymore)
| (fewer than non-selective ones)
|-
| [[Diphenhydramine]]
| Benadryl
|
|
|
|-
| [[Dimenhydrinate]]
| Dramamine
|
|
|
|-
| [[dicyclomine]]
| 
|
|
|
|-
| [[flavoxate]]
| 
|
|
|
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| [[oxybutynin]]
| 
|
|
|
|-
| [[tiotropium]]
| Spiriva
|
|
|
|-
| [[cyclopentolate]]
| 
| short acting non-selective antagonism, CNS depression
|
*produce [[mydriasis]] and [[cycloplegia]] in diagnostics
|
* may cause [[ocular hypertension]]
|-
| [[atropine methonitrate]]
| 
| non-selective antagonism, blocks transmission in [[ganglia]]
|
*[[antispasmodic]] in gastrointestinal [[hypermotility]]
|
*
*
|-
| [[trihexyphenidyl]]
| Artane
|
|
|
|-
| [[tolterodine]]
| Detrusitol
|
|
|
|-
| [[solifenacin]]
| Vesicare
|
|
|
|-
| [[darifenacin]]
| Enablex
|
|
|
|-
| [[benztropine]]
| Cogentin
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|
|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Muscarinic receptor agonist]]
* [[Parasympatholytic]]
* [[Anticholinergic]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* http://cvpharmacology.com/antiarrhy/atropine.htm
* {{MeshName|Muscarinic+antagonists}}

{{Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders}}
{{Urologicals}}
{{Mydriatics and cycloplegics}}
{{Receptor agonists and antagonists}}


[[Category:Muscarinic antagonists| ]]

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