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2026-05-09T14:33:53Z

Management of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:33, 9 May 2026
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	== Management of [[patients]] with [[heart failure reduced ejection fraction\|heart failure with reduced ejection fraction]] ([[HFrEF]])==		== Management of [[patients]] with [[heart failure reduced ejection fraction\|heart failure with reduced ejection fraction]] ([[HFrEF]])==
	<span style="font-size:85%">'''~~Abbreviations:~~''' '''~~ARNi:~~''' [[Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor\|Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin inhibitor]]; '''ACEi:''' [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor\|Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitor]]; '''ARB:''' [[Angiotensin-II receptor blocker\|Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker]]; '''MRA:''' Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist; '''SGLT2i:''' Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitors; '''ICD:''' [[Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator\|Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator]]; '''CRT-D:''' [[cardiac resynchronization therapy\|Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy]] with [[Defibrillator]]; '''CRT-P:''' [[ cardiac resynchronization therapy\| Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy]] with [[Pacemaker]]; '''MCS:''' [[Mechanical circulatory support\|Mechanical Circulatory Support]]; '''LVAD:''' [[Left ventricular assist device\|Left Ventricular Assist Device]]		<span style="font-size:85%">'''''ARNi:''''' ''[[Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor\|Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin inhibitor]]; '''ACEi:''' [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor\|Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitor]]; '''ARB:''' [[Angiotensin-II receptor blocker\|Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker]]; '''MRA:''' Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist; '''SGLT2i:''' Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitors; '''ICD:''' [[Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator\|Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator]]; '''CRT-D:''' [[cardiac resynchronization therapy\|Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy]] with [[Defibrillator]]; '''CRT-P:''' [[ cardiac resynchronization therapy\| Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy]] with [[Pacemaker]]; '''MCS:''' [[Mechanical circulatory support\|Mechanical Circulatory Support]]; '''LVAD:''' [[Left ventricular assist device\|Left Ventricular Assist Device]]''

	=== 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure ===		=== 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure ===

Heart failure resident survival guide

2026-05-06T22:22:38Z

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Congestive heart failure Management of Acute heart failure

2026-05-06T22:03:50Z

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Atrial fibrillation

2026-05-06T21:56:33Z

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Thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery

2026-05-05T22:21:13Z

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Ischemic stroke medical therapy

2026-05-05T16:05:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 5 May 2026
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	==Overview==		==Overview==
	Acute ischemic stroke therapy is primarily directed to rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis (alteplase or tenecteplase) in eligible patients and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in eligible patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO); these treatments should be considered in parallel and should not delay each other.		Acute ischemic stroke therapy is primarily directed to rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis (alteplase or tenecteplase) in eligible patients and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in eligible patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO); these treatments should be considered in parallel and should not delay each other.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>

	Antiplatelet therapy (usually aspirin) is recommended within 24–48 hours after onset in most patients who are not receiving IV thrombolysis, and is generally delayed until 24 hours after thrombolysis.		Antiplatelet therapy (usually aspirin) is recommended within 24–48 hours after onset in most patients who are not receiving IV thrombolysis, and is generally delayed until 24 hours after thrombolysis.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>

	Secondary prevention includes antiplatelets or anticoagulation depending on etiology (eg, atrial fibrillation), lipid-lowering therapy, and risk-factor management.		Secondary prevention includes antiplatelets or anticoagulation depending on etiology (eg, atrial fibrillation), lipid-lowering therapy, and risk-factor management.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>

	==Medical Therapy==		==Medical Therapy==

	*~~The reported cases~~ of ~~treatment for [[~~COVID-~~19]]-associated [[~~stroke~~]] have followed the same guidelines as patients with no [[COVID-19]] infection. The following recommendations are mainly based on the current guidelines of management for~~ stroke ~~of the AHA 2019.~~		*Treatment of COVID-19–associated ischemic stroke generally follows standard acute ischemic stroke pathways.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>
	*[[Alteplase\|IV alteplase]] is always preferred over mechanical [[thrombectomy]] when there are no contraindications.<ref name="~~SaverGoyal2016~~">{{cite journal\|~~last1=Saver\|first1=Jeffrey L.\|last2=Goyal\|first2=Mayank\|last3=van der Lugt\|first3=Aad\|last4~~=Menon~~\|first4=Bijoy K.\|last5=Majoie\|first5=Charles~~ B~~. L.~~ M.\|~~last6~~=~~Dippel~~\|~~first6~~=~~Diederik W.~~\|~~last7~~=~~Campbell~~\|~~first7~~=~~Bruce C.~~\|~~last8~~=~~Nogueira~~\|~~first8~~=~~Raul G.~~\|~~last9~~=~~Demchuk~~\|~~first9~~=~~Andrew M~~.\|~~last10~~=~~Tomasello\|first10=Alejandro\|last11=Cardona\|first11=Pere\|last12=Devlin\|first12=Thomas G~~.~~\|last13~~=~~Frei~~\|~~first13~~=~~Donald F.\|last14=du Mesnil~~ de ~~Rochemont~~\|~~first14~~=~~Richard\|last15=Berkhemer\|first15=Olvert~~ A.\|~~last16~~=~~Jovin~~\|~~first16=Tudor G.\|last17~~=~~Siddiqui~~\|~~first17~~=~~Adnan H.~~\|~~last18~~=~~van Zwam~~\|~~first18~~=~~Wim H.~~\|~~last19~~=~~Davis~~\|~~first19~~=~~Stephen M~~.~~\|last20=Castaño\|first20=Carlos\|last21=Sapkota\|first21=Biggya L~~.\|~~last22~~=~~Fransen\|first22=Puck S~~.~~\|last23~~=~~Molina~~\|~~first23~~=~~Carlos~~\|~~last24~~=~~van Oostenbrugge~~\|~~first24~~=~~Robert J.~~\|~~last25~~=~~Chamorro~~\|~~first25~~=~~Ángel~~\|~~last26~~=~~Lingsma~~\|~~first26~~=~~Hester~~\|~~last27~~=~~Silver~~\|~~first27~~=~~Frank L~~.\|~~last28~~=~~Donnan~~\|~~first28~~=~~Geoffrey A.~~\|~~last29~~=~~Shuaib~~\|~~first29~~=~~Ashfaq~~\|~~last30~~=~~Brown~~\|~~first30~~=~~Scott~~\|~~last31~~=~~Stouch~~\|~~first31~~=~~Bruce~~\|~~last32~~=~~Mitchell~~\|~~first32~~=~~Peter J~~.\|~~last33~~=~~Davalos\|first33~~=~~Antoni~~\|~~last34~~=~~Roos\|first34=Yvo~~ B~~. W.~~ E. M~~.\|last35=Hill\|first35=Michael D.~~\|title=~~Time to Treatment With Endovascular~~ Thrombectomy ~~and Outcomes From Ischemic~~ Stroke~~: A Meta-analysis~~\|journal=~~JAMA~~\|volume=~~316~~\|issue=12\|~~year~~=~~2016~~\|~~pages~~=~~1279~~\|~~issn~~=~~0098-7484~~\|doi=10.~~1001~~/~~jama.2016.13647~~}}</ref>		*In patients with suspected or confirmed LVO, evaluation for EVT should occur urgently, and IV thrombolysis should be given when eligible without delaying EVT.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>
			*EVT indications include appropriately selected patients within 0–6 hours, and in selected patients within 6–24 hours based on imaging/clinical criteria; recent randomized trials also support EVT in selected large ischemic core anterior circulation strokes.<ref name="pmid38759664">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Hilkens NA, Casolla B, Leung TW, de Leeuw FE \|title=Stroke \|journal=Lancet \|volume=403 \|issue=10446 \|pages=2820–2836 \|date=June 2024 \|pmid=38759664 \|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00642-1 \|url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid38265667">{{cite journal \|vauthors= \|title=Trial of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large Ischemic Strokes \|journal=N Engl J Med \|volume=390 \|issue=4 \|pages=388 \|date=January 2024 \|pmid=38265667 \|doi=10.1056/NEJMx230009 \|url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid38718358">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Costalat V, Jovin TG, Albucher JF, Cognard C, Henon H, Nouri N, Gory B, Richard S, Marnat G, Sibon I, Di Maria F, Annan M, Boulouis G, Cardona P, Obadia M, Piotin M, Bourcier R, Guillon B, Godard S, Pasco-Papon A, Eker OF, Cho TH, Turc G, Naggara O, Velasco S, Lamy M, Clarençon F, Alamowitch S, Renu A, Suissa L, Brunel H, Gentric JC, Timsit S, Lamy C, Chivot C, Macian-Montoro F, Mounayer C, Ozkul-Wermester O, Papagiannaki C, Wolff V, Pop R, Ferrier A, Chabert E, Ricolfi F, Béjot Y, Lopez-Cancio E, Vega P, Spelle L, Denier C, Millán M, Arenillas JF, Mazighi M, Houdart E, Del Mar Freijo M, Duhamel A, Sanossian N, Liebeskind DS, Labreuche J, Lapergue B, Arquizan C \|title=Trial of Thrombectomy for Stroke with a Large Infarct of Unrestricted Size \|journal=N Engl J Med \|volume=390 \|issue=18 \|pages=1677–1689 \|date=May 2024 \|pmid=38718358 \|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2314063 \|url=}}</ref>
	*The usefulness of [[anticoagulants]] such as [[thrombin]] inhibitors ([[dabigatran]]) and [[factor Xa]] inhibitors ([[rivaroxaban]], [[apixaban]], [[edoxaban]]) is not well established in the acute setting of [[stroke]].<ref name="GioiaKate2016">{{cite journal\|last1=Gioia\|first1=Laura C.\|last2=Kate\|first2=Mahesh\|last3=Sivakumar\|first3=Leka\|last4=Hussain\|first4=Dulara\|last5=Kalashyan\|first5=Hayrapet\|last6=Buck\|first6=Brian\|last7=Bussiere\|first7=Miguel\|last8=Jeerakathil\|first8=Thomas\|last9=Shuaib\|first9=Ashfaq\|last10=Emery\|first10=Derek\|last11=Butcher\|first11=Ken\|title=Early Rivaroxaban Use After Cardioembolic Stroke May Not Result in Hemorrhagic Transformation\|journal=Stroke\|volume=47\|issue=7\|year=2016\|pages=1917–1919\|issn=0039-2499\|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013491}}</ref>		*The usefulness of [[anticoagulants]] such as [[thrombin]] inhibitors ([[dabigatran]]) and [[factor Xa]] inhibitors ([[rivaroxaban]], [[apixaban]], [[edoxaban]]) is not well established in the acute setting of [[stroke]].<ref name="GioiaKate2016">{{cite journal\|last1=Gioia\|first1=Laura C.\|last2=Kate\|first2=Mahesh\|last3=Sivakumar\|first3=Leka\|last4=Hussain\|first4=Dulara\|last5=Kalashyan\|first5=Hayrapet\|last6=Buck\|first6=Brian\|last7=Bussiere\|first7=Miguel\|last8=Jeerakathil\|first8=Thomas\|last9=Shuaib\|first9=Ashfaq\|last10=Emery\|first10=Derek\|last11=Butcher\|first11=Ken\|title=Early Rivaroxaban Use After Cardioembolic Stroke May Not Result in Hemorrhagic Transformation\|journal=Stroke\|volume=47\|issue=7\|year=2016\|pages=1917–1919\|issn=0039-2499\|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013491}}</ref>
	*The use of [[thrombolysis]] via ultrasound waves concomitant to [[Fibrinolysis\|IV fibrinolysis]] is not recommended.<ref name="NacuKvistad2017">{{cite journal\|last1=Nacu\|first1=Aliona\|last2=Kvistad\|first2=Christopher E.\|last3=Naess\|first3=Halvor\|last4=Øygarden\|first4=Halvor\|last5=Logallo\|first5=Nicola\|last6=Assmus\|first6=Jörg\|last7=Waje-Andreassen\|first7=Ulrike\|last8=Kurz\|first8=Kathinka D.\|last9=Neckelmann\|first9=Gesche\|last10=Thomassen\|first10=Lars\|title=NOR-SASS (Norwegian Sonothrombolysis in Acute Stroke Study)\|journal=Stroke\|volume=48\|issue=2\|year=2017\|pages=335–341\|issn=0039-2499\|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014644}}</ref>		*The use of [[thrombolysis]] via ultrasound waves concomitant to [[Fibrinolysis\|IV fibrinolysis]] is not recommended.<ref name="NacuKvistad2017">{{cite journal\|last1=Nacu\|first1=Aliona\|last2=Kvistad\|first2=Christopher E.\|last3=Naess\|first3=Halvor\|last4=Øygarden\|first4=Halvor\|last5=Logallo\|first5=Nicola\|last6=Assmus\|first6=Jörg\|last7=Waje-Andreassen\|first7=Ulrike\|last8=Kurz\|first8=Kathinka D.\|last9=Neckelmann\|first9=Gesche\|last10=Thomassen\|first10=Lars\|title=NOR-SASS (Norwegian Sonothrombolysis in Acute Stroke Study)\|journal=Stroke\|volume=48\|issue=2\|year=2017\|pages=335–341\|issn=0039-2499\|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014644}}</ref>

Sandbox

2026-05-04T16:09:28Z

ACEI / ARB

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Ischemic stroke medical therapy

2026-05-03T15:59:28Z

Overview

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 3 May 2026
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	==Overview==		==Overview==
	~~The medical therapy of [[~~ischemic stroke]] is ~~mainly~~ directed to ~~fibrinolysis of clot by r-tPA~~ with in ~~3 to 4~~.5 hours ~~of symptom~~ onset~~. Acute treatment with antiplatelets may have a role if given within~~ 24~~-48~~ hours ~~of stroke onset~~. ~~Long term management with statins,~~ antiplatelets, ~~anticoagulants~~, ~~antihypertensive and antidiabetic agents may help prevent the recurrence.<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Hackam DG~~, Spence JD \|title=Combining multiple approaches for the secondary prevention of vascular events after stroke: a quantitative modeling study \|journal=Stroke \|volume=38 \|issue=6 \|pages=1881–5 \|year=2007 \|pmid=17431209 \|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.475525}}</ref>		Acute ischemic stroke therapy is primarily directed to rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis (alteplase or tenecteplase) in eligible patients and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in eligible patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO); these treatments should be considered in parallel and should not delay each other.
	~~Acute treatment to control blood pressure, blood glucose~~ and ~~fever may help prevent the complications and have a prognostic significance~~.
			Antiplatelet therapy (usually aspirin) is recommended within 24–48 hours after onset in most patients who are not receiving IV thrombolysis, and is generally delayed until 24 hours after thrombolysis.

			Secondary prevention includes antiplatelets or anticoagulation depending on etiology (eg, atrial fibrillation), lipid-lowering therapy, and risk-factor management.

	==Medical Therapy==		==Medical Therapy==

Sandbox

2026-05-03T14:43:03Z

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Sandbox

2026-04-29T10:11:34Z

Replaced content with "== '''Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Medical Therapy''' == <references />"

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Thoracic aortic aneurysm medical therapy

2026-04-29T10:10:34Z

Medical Therapy

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Sandbox

2026-04-28T01:40:03Z

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Atrial fibrillation

2026-04-27T21:51:47Z

Rhythm Control

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Industrial and organizational psychology

2026-04-27T20:07:19Z

Career calling

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:07, 27 April 2026
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	* [[Empowerment(psychology)\|Empowerment]]		* [[Empowerment(psychology)\|Empowerment]]
	* [[Engagement (psychology)\|Engagement]]		* [[Engagement (psychology)\|Engagement]]
			* [[Career calling]]
	* [[Job satisfaction]]		* [[Job satisfaction]]
	* [[Burnout (psychology)\|Burnout]]		* [[Burnout (psychology)\|Burnout]]
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	* "Would you say you are thriving or struggling with the following types of bonds or relationships at work?"		* "Would you say you are thriving or struggling with the following types of bonds or relationships at work?"

	A separate body of research has emerged more recently that gives a broader definition to thriving, but does not cite the above research that has used factor analysis to identify core features~~<ref>~~<ref name="pmid28913621">{{cite journal\| author=Brady KJS, Trockel MT, Khan CT, Raj KS, Murphy ML, Bohman B et al.\| title=What Do We Mean by Physician Wellness? A Systematic Review of Its Definition and Measurement. \| journal=Acad Psychiatry \| = 2017 \| volume= \| issue= \| pages= \| pmid=28913621 \| doi=10.1007/s40596-017-0781-6 \| pmc= \| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28913621 }} </ref><ref>Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2015). A new look at social support: A theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(2), 113-147. {{doi\|10.1177/1088868314544222}}</ref>.		A separate body of research has emerged more recently that gives a broader definition to thriving, but does not cite the above research that has used factor analysis to identify core features<ref name="pmid28913621">{{cite journal\| author=Brady KJS, Trockel MT, Khan CT, Raj KS, Murphy ML, Bohman B et al.\| title=What Do We Mean by Physician Wellness? A Systematic Review of Its Definition and Measurement. \| journal=Acad Psychiatry \| = 2017 \| volume= \| issue= \| pages= \| pmid=28913621 \| doi=10.1007/s40596-017-0781-6 \| pmc= \| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28913621 }} </ref><ref>Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2015). A new look at social support: A theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(2), 113-147. {{doi\|10.1177/1088868314544222}}</ref>.

	==== Importance====		==== Importance====
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	* Emotional: I feel energetic at my job; I am enthusiastic in my job		* Emotional: I feel energetic at my job; I am enthusiastic in my job
	* Cognitive: At work, I focus a great deal of attention on my job; At work, I am absorbed by my job		* Cognitive: At work, I focus a great deal of attention on my job; At work, I am absorbed by my job

			===Career calling ===
			Career calling has various definitions, a more recent definition by Rosso and Wrzesniewski is, "meaningful beckoning toward work activities that are morally, socially, and personally significant"<ref name="Rosso2010">{{cite journal \| last1=Rosso \| first1=Brent D. \| last2=Dekas \| first2=Kathryn H. \| last3=Wrzesniewski \| first3=Amy \| title=On the meaning of work: A theoretical integration and review \| journal=Research in Organizational Behavior \| volume=30 \| date=2010 \| doi=10.1016/j.riob.2010.09.001 \| pages=91–127 \| url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0191308510000067 \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>. calling can be measured with<ref name="Dik2012">{{cite journal \| last1=Dik \| first1=Bryan J. \| last2=Eldridge \| first2=Brandy M. \| last3=Steger \| first3=Michael F. \| last4=Duffy \| first4=Ryan D. \| title=Development and Validation of the Calling and Vocation Questionnaire (CVQ) and Brief Calling Scale (BCS) \| journal=Journal of Career Assessment \| volume=20 \| issue=3 \| date=2012 \| issn=1069-0727 \| doi=10.1177/1069072711434410 \| pages=242–263 \| url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1069072711434410 \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>:
			# I have a calling to my current line of work.
			# I have a good understanding of my calling as it applies to my career.

			Career calling can be promoted by a career calling climate at work<ref name="Chen 2025">{{cite journal \| last1=Chen \| first1=Jiatian \| last2=May \| first2=Douglas R. \| last3=Schwoerer \| first3=Catherine E. \| title=Career calling climate: The development and validation of a scale for a new construct \| journal=Journal of Management & Organization \| volume=31 \| issue=4 \| date=2025 \| issn=1833-3672 \| doi=10.1017/jmo.2023.16 \| pages=1688–1707 \| url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1833367223000160/type/journal_article \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>.

			Calling may increase engagement at work, especially is organizational commitment is present<ref name="Cao2019">{{cite journal \| last1=Cao \| first1=Yudi \| last2=Liu \| first2=Jingying \| last3=Liu \| first3=Kejia \| last4=Yang \| first4=Mengyu \| last5=Liu \| first5=Yanhui \| title=The mediating role of organizational commitment between calling and work engagement of nurses: A cross-sectional study \| journal=International Journal of Nursing Sciences \| volume=6 \| issue=3 \| date=2019-07-10 \| issn=2352-0132 \| pmid=31508452 \| pmc=6722477 \| doi=10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.05.004 \| pages=309–314 \| url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31508452 \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref> as measured by the organizational commitment scale (OCS)<ref name="Allen2011">{{cite journal \| last1=Allen \| first1=Natalie J. \| last2=Meyer \| first2=John P. \| title=The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization \| journal=Journal of Occupational Psychology \| volume=63 \| issue=1 \| date=1990 \| issn=0305-8107 \| doi=10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x \| pages=1–18 \| url=https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>.

	===Satisfaction===		===Satisfaction===

Atrial fibrillation overview

2026-04-27T17:15:33Z

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Supraventricular tachycardia

2026-04-27T17:08:57Z

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Chronic stable angina overview

2026-04-25T15:44:25Z

Treatment

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Cardiomyopathy overview

2026-04-25T14:08:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:08, 25 April 2026
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	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	{{Cardiomyopathy}}		{{Cardiomyopathy}}
	{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EdzelCo}}		{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EdzelCo}} {{MSD}}

	==Overview==		==Overview==