wikidoc - Changes related to "Category:CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al." [en]

Industrial and organizational psychology

2026-04-27T20:07:19Z

Career calling

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:07, 27 April 2026
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	* [[Empowerment(psychology)\|Empowerment]]		* [[Empowerment(psychology)\|Empowerment]]
	* [[Engagement (psychology)\|Engagement]]		* [[Engagement (psychology)\|Engagement]]
			* [[Career calling]]
	* [[Job satisfaction]]		* [[Job satisfaction]]
	* [[Burnout (psychology)\|Burnout]]		* [[Burnout (psychology)\|Burnout]]
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	* "Would you say you are thriving or struggling with the following types of bonds or relationships at work?"		* "Would you say you are thriving or struggling with the following types of bonds or relationships at work?"

	A separate body of research has emerged more recently that gives a broader definition to thriving, but does not cite the above research that has used factor analysis to identify core features~~<ref>~~<ref name="pmid28913621">{{cite journal\| author=Brady KJS, Trockel MT, Khan CT, Raj KS, Murphy ML, Bohman B et al.\| title=What Do We Mean by Physician Wellness? A Systematic Review of Its Definition and Measurement. \| journal=Acad Psychiatry \| = 2017 \| volume= \| issue= \| pages= \| pmid=28913621 \| doi=10.1007/s40596-017-0781-6 \| pmc= \| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28913621 }} </ref><ref>Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2015). A new look at social support: A theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(2), 113-147. {{doi\|10.1177/1088868314544222}}</ref>.		A separate body of research has emerged more recently that gives a broader definition to thriving, but does not cite the above research that has used factor analysis to identify core features<ref name="pmid28913621">{{cite journal\| author=Brady KJS, Trockel MT, Khan CT, Raj KS, Murphy ML, Bohman B et al.\| title=What Do We Mean by Physician Wellness? A Systematic Review of Its Definition and Measurement. \| journal=Acad Psychiatry \| = 2017 \| volume= \| issue= \| pages= \| pmid=28913621 \| doi=10.1007/s40596-017-0781-6 \| pmc= \| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28913621 }} </ref><ref>Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2015). A new look at social support: A theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(2), 113-147. {{doi\|10.1177/1088868314544222}}</ref>.

	==== Importance====		==== Importance====
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	* Emotional: I feel energetic at my job; I am enthusiastic in my job		* Emotional: I feel energetic at my job; I am enthusiastic in my job
	* Cognitive: At work, I focus a great deal of attention on my job; At work, I am absorbed by my job		* Cognitive: At work, I focus a great deal of attention on my job; At work, I am absorbed by my job

			===Career calling ===
			Career calling has various definitions, a more recent definition by Rosso and Wrzesniewski is, "meaningful beckoning toward work activities that are morally, socially, and personally significant"<ref name="Rosso2010">{{cite journal \| last1=Rosso \| first1=Brent D. \| last2=Dekas \| first2=Kathryn H. \| last3=Wrzesniewski \| first3=Amy \| title=On the meaning of work: A theoretical integration and review \| journal=Research in Organizational Behavior \| volume=30 \| date=2010 \| doi=10.1016/j.riob.2010.09.001 \| pages=91–127 \| url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0191308510000067 \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>. calling can be measured with<ref name="Dik2012">{{cite journal \| last1=Dik \| first1=Bryan J. \| last2=Eldridge \| first2=Brandy M. \| last3=Steger \| first3=Michael F. \| last4=Duffy \| first4=Ryan D. \| title=Development and Validation of the Calling and Vocation Questionnaire (CVQ) and Brief Calling Scale (BCS) \| journal=Journal of Career Assessment \| volume=20 \| issue=3 \| date=2012 \| issn=1069-0727 \| doi=10.1177/1069072711434410 \| pages=242–263 \| url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1069072711434410 \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>:
			# I have a calling to my current line of work.
			# I have a good understanding of my calling as it applies to my career.

			Career calling can be promoted by a career calling climate at work<ref name="Chen 2025">{{cite journal \| last1=Chen \| first1=Jiatian \| last2=May \| first2=Douglas R. \| last3=Schwoerer \| first3=Catherine E. \| title=Career calling climate: The development and validation of a scale for a new construct \| journal=Journal of Management & Organization \| volume=31 \| issue=4 \| date=2025 \| issn=1833-3672 \| doi=10.1017/jmo.2023.16 \| pages=1688–1707 \| url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1833367223000160/type/journal_article \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>.

			Calling may increase engagement at work, especially is organizational commitment is present<ref name="Cao2019">{{cite journal \| last1=Cao \| first1=Yudi \| last2=Liu \| first2=Jingying \| last3=Liu \| first3=Kejia \| last4=Yang \| first4=Mengyu \| last5=Liu \| first5=Yanhui \| title=The mediating role of organizational commitment between calling and work engagement of nurses: A cross-sectional study \| journal=International Journal of Nursing Sciences \| volume=6 \| issue=3 \| date=2019-07-10 \| issn=2352-0132 \| pmid=31508452 \| pmc=6722477 \| doi=10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.05.004 \| pages=309–314 \| url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31508452 \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref> as measured by the organizational commitment scale (OCS)<ref name="Allen2011">{{cite journal \| last1=Allen \| first1=Natalie J. \| last2=Meyer \| first2=John P. \| title=The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization \| journal=Journal of Occupational Psychology \| volume=63 \| issue=1 \| date=1990 \| issn=0305-8107 \| doi=10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x \| pages=1–18 \| url=https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>.

	===Satisfaction===		===Satisfaction===

Chronic stable angina overview

2026-04-25T15:44:25Z

Treatment

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Cardiomyopathy overview

2026-04-25T14:08:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:08, 25 April 2026
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	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	{{Cardiomyopathy}}		{{Cardiomyopathy}}
	{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EdzelCo}}		{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EdzelCo}} {{MSD}}

	==Overview==		==Overview==
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	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	===Medical Therapy===		===Medical Therapy===
	Treatment ~~depends~~ on the ~~type~~ of cardiomyopathy, ~~but may include medication~~, ~~implanted [[artificial pacemaker\|pacemakers]]~~, ~~[[Implantable cardioverter~~-~~defibrillator~~\|~~defribillators]]~~, ~~or [[ventricular assist device]]s (LVADs)~~, ~~or [[ablation]]~~. ~~The goal of treatment is often~~ symptom relief, and ~~some~~ patients ~~may eventually require a [[~~heart transplant]]. ~~Treatment~~ of ~~cardiomyopathy (~~and ~~other heart diseases) using alternative methods such as [[stem cell therapy]] is commercially available but is not supported by convincing evidence~~.		Treatment is phenotype-directed and includes guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure syndromes and targeted therapy for specific cardiomyopathies such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In HCM, management includes symptom-directed pharmacotherapy (beta-blocker or nondihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker, with disopyramide or a cardiac myosin inhibitor in selected adults with obstructive physiology), risk-based use of ICDs, and septal reduction therapy at experienced centers when symptoms persist despite medical therapy.<ref name="pmid38718139">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, Balaji S, Burke MA, Day SM, Dearani JA, Epps KC, Evanovich L, Ferrari VA, Joglar JA, Khan SS, Kim JJ, Kittleson MM, Krittanawong C, Martinez MW, Mital S, Naidu SS, Saberi S, Semsarian C, Times S, Waldman CB \|title=2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=149 \|issue=23 \|pages=e1239–e1311 \|date=June 2024 \|pmid=38718139 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001250 \|url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid35363499">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW \|title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=145 \|issue=18 \|pages=e895–e1032 \|date=May 2022 \|pmid=35363499 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063 \|url=}}</ref>For cardiomyopathy with HFrEF, foundational GDMT consists of an ARNI/ACE inhibitor/ARB, evidence-based beta-blocker, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and SGLT2 inhibitor, with additional therapies and device-based treatment individualized by EF, QRS, symptoms, and comorbidities.<ref name="pmid35363499">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW \|title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=145 \|issue=18 \|pages=e895–e1032 \|date=May 2022 \|pmid=35363499 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063 \|url=}}</ref> Goals include symptom relief, prevention of sudden cardiac death (when relevant, e.g., HCM), and modification of heart-failure trajectory; patients with advanced heart failure despite GDMT should be referred to an advanced HF team for consideration of transplant and/or durable mechanical circulatory support.<ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW \|title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=145 \|issue=18 \|pages=e876–e894 \|date=May 2022 \|pmid=35363500 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 \|url=}}</ref> In HCM with atrial fibrillation, oral anticoagulation is recommended irrespective of CHA₂DS₂-VASc, and rhythm and/or rate control should be individualized.<ref name="pmid38718139">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, Balaji S, Burke MA, Day SM, Dearani JA, Epps KC, Evanovich L, Ferrari VA, Joglar JA, Khan SS, Kim JJ, Kittleson MM, Krittanawong C, Martinez MW, Mital S, Naidu SS, Saberi S, Semsarian C, Times S, Waldman CB \|title=2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=149 \|issue=23 \|pages=e1239–e1311 \|date=June 2024 \|pmid=38718139 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001250 \|url=}}</ref>

	===Surgery===		===Surgery===
	~~There~~ are ~~several types~~ of ~~surgery used~~ to ~~treat cardiomyopathy. They include~~ septal ablation, ~~[[septal myectomy]]~~, ~~surgically implanted devices to improve~~ the ~~function~~ of the ~~heart~~, ~~and [[heart transplant]]~~.		Procedural and surgical options are phenotype-specific and should be performed at experienced centers when indicated.<ref name="pmid38718139">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, Balaji S, Burke MA, Day SM, Dearani JA, Epps KC, Evanovich L, Ferrari VA, Joglar JA, Khan SS, Kim JJ, Kittleson MM, Krittanawong C, Martinez MW, Mital S, Naidu SS, Saberi S, Semsarian C, Times S, Waldman CB \|title=2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=149 \|issue=23 \|pages=e1239–e1311 \|date=June 2024 \|pmid=38718139 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001250 \|url=}}</ref> For symptomatic obstructive HCM refractory to medical therapy, septal reduction therapy includes surgical septal myectomy or (in selected patients) alcohol septal ablation. Advanced heart failure may require durable mechanical circulatory support and/or heart transplantation after evaluation by an advanced HF team.<ref name="pmid38718139">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, Balaji S, Burke MA, Day SM, Dearani JA, Epps KC, Evanovich L, Ferrari VA, Joglar JA, Khan SS, Kim JJ, Kittleson MM, Krittanawong C, Martinez MW, Mital S, Naidu SS, Saberi S, Semsarian C, Times S, Waldman CB \|title=2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=149 \|issue=23 \|pages=e1239–e1311 \|date=June 2024 \|pmid=38718139 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001250 \|url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW \|title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=145 \|issue=18 \|pages=e876–e894 \|date=May 2022 \|pmid=35363500 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 \|url=}}</ref>

	===Primary Prevention===		===Primary Prevention===
	~~Methods of primary~~ prevention ~~for cardiomyopathy include; maintaining a healthy weight~~, ~~not smoking~~, ~~avoiding~~ alcohol and illicit drugs, ~~reducing stress~~, and ~~treating underlying conditions such as [[diabetes]] and [[high blood pressure]]~~.		Primary prevention focuses on ‘at risk’ (Stage A) and ‘pre-HF’ (Stage B) management: control hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and other cardiovascular risk factors; avoid cardiotoxins (including excess alcohol and illicit drugs); and treat structural heart disease early to prevent progression to symptomatic HF.<ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW \|title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=145 \|issue=18 \|pages=e876–e894 \|date=May 2022 \|pmid=35363500 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 \|url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid38033089">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, Benjamin EJ, Chyou JY, Cronin EM, Deswal A, Eckhardt LL, Goldberger ZD, Gopinathannair R, Gorenek B, Hess PL, Hlatky M, Hogan G, Ibeh C, Indik JH, Kido K, Kusumoto F, Link MS, Linta KT, Marcus GM, McCarthy PM, Patel N, Patton KK, Perez MV, Piccini JP, Russo AM, Sanders P, Streur MM, Thomas KL, Times S, Tisdale JE, Valente AM, Van Wagoner DR \|title=2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=149 \|issue=1 \|pages=e1–e156 \|date=January 2024 \|pmid=38033089 \|pmc=11095842 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193 \|url=}}</ref>

	==Preferences==		==Preferences==

Fractional flow reserve

2026-04-22T21:49:21Z

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{SI}}
-{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' Priyantha Ranaweera, M.D.
+{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' Priyantha Ranaweera, M.D. {{ACM}}
 '''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' FFR, coronary fractional flow reserve
@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
 **Pressure wire may track under a plaque and cause a dissection.
 **Repeated attempts in trying to negotiate tortuous anatomy may cause trauma to intact endothelium and promote thrombosis and dissection.
 ==2011, 2009 and 2005 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (DO NOT EDIT)<ref name="pmid22070837">{{cite journal|author=Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B, Chambers CE, Ellis SG, Guyton RA, Hollenberg SM, Khot UN, Lange RA, Mauri L, Mehran R, Moussa ID, Mukherjee D, Nallamothu BK, Ting HH |title=2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]]|volume=58 |issue=24 |pages=2550–83 |year=2011|month=December|pmid=22070837|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.006|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(11)02875-0|accessdate=2011-12-08|url=http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/reprint/58/24/2550.pdf|PDF}}</ref><ref name="pmid19942100">{{cite journal |author=Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC, King SB, Anderson JL, Antman EM, Bailey SR, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Casey DE, Green LA, Hochman JS, Jacobs AK, Krumholz HM, Morrison DA, Ornato JP, Pearle DL, Peterson ED, Sloan MA, Whitlow PL, Williams DO|title=2009 focused updates: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2004 guideline and 2007 focused update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI guidelines on percutaneous coronary intervention (updating the 2005 guideline and 2007 focused update) a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines|journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]]|volume=54|issue=23|pages=2205–41|year=2009|month=December|pmid=19942100|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.015|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(09)03518-9|accessdate=2011-12-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid16490830">{{cite journal| author=Smith SC, Feldman TE, Hirshfeld JW, Jacobs AK, Kern MJ, King SB et al.| title=ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 guideline update for percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/SCAI Writing Committee to Update 2001 Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention). |journal=Circulation | year= 2006 | volume= 113 | issue= 7 | pages= e166-286 | pmid=16490830 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.173220 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16490830  }}</ref>==

GC box gene transcriptions

2026-04-22T07:50:54Z

GC box (Briggs) samplings

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:50, 22 April 2026
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	==GC box (Briggs) samplings==		==GC box (Briggs) samplings==
			[[GC box gene transcriptions#GC box (Briggs) samplings\|GC box (Briggs) samplings]]

	"A GC box [...] consensus sequence is represented as 5'-(G/T)(G/A)GGCG(G/T)(G/A)(G/A)C/T-3' [or 5′-KRGGCGKRRY-3′] (Briggs et al., 1986)."<ref name=Imataka/>		"A GC box [...] consensus sequence is represented as 5'-(G/T)(G/A)GGCG(G/T)(G/A)(G/A)C/T-3' [or 5′-KRGGCGKRRY-3′] (Briggs et al., 1986)."<ref name=Imataka/>

Heart failure resident survival guide

2026-04-21T11:24:22Z

Treatment of Heart Failure in Stage C and D

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Hypertension in adolescents

2026-04-20T20:55:45Z

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Hypertension in adolescents

2026-04-20T07:12:34Z

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Advances in catheter based physical treatments

2026-04-16T16:09:32Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{ACM}}
 ==Overview==
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 * developing ways of adequately binding the drugs to the stainless surface of the [[stent]] struts (the coating must stay bound despite marked handling and stent deformation stresses) and
 * developing coating controlled release mechanisms that release the drug slowly over about 30 days.
 ==References==

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia medical therapy

2026-04-16T12:02:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:02, 16 April 2026
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	{{Acute lymphoblastic leukemia}}		{{Acute lymphoblastic leukemia}}

	{{CMG}} {{shyam}} {{AE}} {{RT}} {{CLG}} {{ACM}}		{{CMG}} {{shyam}} {{AE}} {{RT}} {{CLG}} {{ACM}} {{MSD}}

	==Overview==		==Overview==

Low back pain conservative management

2026-04-14T16:24:46Z

Physical Therapy

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 14 April 2026
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
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	According to a [[systematic review]] of [[randomized controlled trial]]s by the [[Cochrane Collaboration]], massage therapy, compared to inactive controls, over the short-term significantly reduced pain (SMD=0.75; large) and improved function (SMD=0.72; large).<ref name="pmid26329399">{{cite journal\| author=Furlan AD, Giraldo M, Baskwill A, Irvin E, Imamura M\| title=Massage for low-back pain. \| journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev \| year= 2015 \| volume= 9 \| issue= \| pages= CD001929 \| pmid=26329399 \| doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001929.pub3 \| pmc= \| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26329399 }} </ref> However, the Cochrane concluded "very little confidence that massage is an effective treatment".		According to a [[systematic review]] of [[randomized controlled trial]]s by the [[Cochrane Collaboration]], massage therapy, compared to inactive controls, over the short-term significantly reduced pain (SMD=0.75; large) and improved function (SMD=0.72; large).<ref name="pmid26329399">{{cite journal\| author=Furlan AD, Giraldo M, Baskwill A, Irvin E, Imamura M\| title=Massage for low-back pain. \| journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev \| year= 2015 \| volume= 9 \| issue= \| pages= CD001929 \| pmid=26329399 \| doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001929.pub3 \| pmc= \| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26329399 }} </ref> However, the Cochrane concluded "very little confidence that massage is an effective treatment".

	===~~Mckenzie Method~~===		=== Physical Therapy===
	The Mckenzie Method has been shown to be a modestly effective therapy for adults with chronic low back pain. A 2011 summary of 4 studies showed consistent significant improvement in pain and function although only one study had a large enough population to demonstrate effect sizes on pain and functional outcomes, 0.50 and 0.39 respectively.<ref name="pmid22135496">{{cite journal\| author=Dunsford A, Kumar S, Clarke S\| title=Integrating evidence into practice: use of McKenzie-based treatment for mechanical low back pain. \| journal=J Multidiscip Healthc \| year= 2011 \| volume= 4 \| issue= \| pages= 393-402 \| pmid=22135496 \| doi=10.2147/JMDH.S24733 \| pmc=PMC3215349 \| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22135496 }} </ref>		The Mckenzie Method has been shown to be a modestly effective therapy for adults with chronic low back pain. A 2011 summary of 4 studies showed consistent significant improvement in pain and function although only one study had a large enough population to demonstrate effect sizes on pain and functional outcomes, 0.50 and 0.39 respectively.<ref name="pmid22135496">{{cite journal\| author=Dunsford A, Kumar S, Clarke S\| title=Integrating evidence into practice: use of McKenzie-based treatment for mechanical low back pain. \| journal=J Multidiscip Healthc \| year= 2011 \| volume= 4 \| issue= \| pages= 393-402 \| pmid=22135496 \| doi=10.2147/JMDH.S24733 \| pmc=PMC3215349 \| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22135496 }} </ref>

			A [[randomized controlled trial]] in 2015 found minimal benefit.<ref name="v851">{{cite journal \| last1=Fritz \| first1=Julie M. \| last2=Magel \| first2=John S. \| last3=McFadden \| first3=Molly \| last4=Asche \| first4=Carl \| last5=Thackeray \| first5=Anne \| last6=Meier \| first6=Whitney \| last7=Brennan \| first7=Gerard \| title=Early Physical Therapy vs Usual Care in Patients With Recent-Onset Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial \| journal=JAMA \| volume=314 \| issue=14 \| date=2015-10-13 \| issn=0098-7484 \| doi=10.1001/jama.2015.11648 \| pmid = 26461996 \| page=1459 \| url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2015.11648 \| access-date=2026-04-12}}</ref> Outcomes were measured with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI: range 0 to 100) which has a recommended minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of 6<ref name="pmid11175676">{{cite journal \| last1=Fritz \| first1=J. M. \| last2=Irrgang \| first2=J. J. \| title=A comparison of a modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale \| journal=Physical Therapy \| volume=81 \| issue=2 \| date=2001 \| issn=0031-9023 \| pmid=11175676 \| doi=10.1093/ptj/81.2.776 \| pages=776–788 \| url=https://pubmed.gov/11175676 \| access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref>. While both the intervention and usual care group had improvement well above the MCID, the "Mean Difference Between Groups in Change from Baseline" were less than 4 at all time points.

	===Pilates===		===Pilates===

Sudden cardiac death prognosis

2026-04-07T15:45:12Z

Prognosis of cardiac arrest in young athletes:

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:45, 7 April 2026
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	:* Women between 15-45 years old<ref name="pmid20228684">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Topjian AA, Localio AR, Berg RA, Alessandrini EA, Meaney PA, Pepe PE, Larkin GL, Peberdy MA, Becker LB, Nadkarni VM \|title=Women of child-bearing age have better inhospital cardiac arrest survival outcomes than do equal-aged men \|journal=Crit Care Med \|volume=38 \|issue=5 \|pages=1254–60 \|date=May 2010 \|pmid=20228684 \|pmc=3934212 \|doi=10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181d8ca43 \|url=}}</ref>		:* Women between 15-45 years old<ref name="pmid20228684">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Topjian AA, Localio AR, Berg RA, Alessandrini EA, Meaney PA, Pepe PE, Larkin GL, Peberdy MA, Becker LB, Nadkarni VM \|title=Women of child-bearing age have better inhospital cardiac arrest survival outcomes than do equal-aged men \|journal=Crit Care Med \|volume=38 \|issue=5 \|pages=1254–60 \|date=May 2010 \|pmid=20228684 \|pmc=3934212 \|doi=10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181d8ca43 \|url=}}</ref>
	:*Rapid intervention with a [[defibrillator]] increases [[survival rates]].<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Eisenberg MS, Mengert TJ \|title=Cardiac resuscitation \|journal=N. Engl. J. Med. \|volume=344 \|issue=17 \|pages=1304–13 \|year=2001 \|month=April \|pmid=11320390 \|doi= \|url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=11320390&promo=ONFLNS19}}</ref><ref name="pmid12826637">{{cite journal \|author=Bunch TJ, White RD, Gersh BJ, ''et al'' \|title=Long-term outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest after successful early defibrillation \|journal=N. Engl. J. Med. \|volume=348 \|issue=26 \|pages=2626–33 \|year=2003 \|month=June \|pmid=12826637 \|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa023053 \|url=}}</ref>		:*Rapid intervention with a [[defibrillator]] increases [[survival rates]].<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Eisenberg MS, Mengert TJ \|title=Cardiac resuscitation \|journal=N. Engl. J. Med. \|volume=344 \|issue=17 \|pages=1304–13 \|year=2001 \|month=April \|pmid=11320390 \|doi= \|url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=11320390&promo=ONFLNS19}}</ref><ref name="pmid12826637">{{cite journal \|author=Bunch TJ, White RD, Gersh BJ, ''et al'' \|title=Long-term outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest after successful early defibrillation \|journal=N. Engl. J. Med. \|volume=348 \|issue=26 \|pages=2626–33 \|year=2003 \|month=June \|pmid=12826637 \|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa023053 \|url=}}</ref>

			==== Prognosis of cardiac arrest in young athletes: ====

			* 58% survival rate was reported by the US Commotio Cordis Registry in 216 persons with sudden cardiac arrest due to commotio cordis (cardiac arrest due to VF triggered by blunt chest trauma) (age range, 0.2-51 years;mean,15years, 95% male) from 2006 through 2012.<ref name=":9">Maron BJ, Haas TS, Ahluwalia A, Garberich RF, Estes NA III, Link MS. Increasing survival rate from commotio cordis.HeartRhythm.2013;10(2):219-223. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.10.034</ref>
			* Prompt resuscitation and participation in organized competitive sports was associated with higher survival rates. Multivariate analysis identified participation in recreational sports with lower survival (odds ratio [OR] compared with organized competitive sports, 0.33; 95%CI,0.16-0.67) and onsite automated external defibrillator with higher survival (OR, 4.61; 95% CI, 1.43-14.88).<ref name=":9" />
			* Individuals aged 18 to 35 years with sports-related sudden cardiac arrest in Germany and France showed improved survival to hospital discharge with public automated external defibrillator use prior to EMS arrival (OR, 6.25; 95% CI, 1.48 43.20); individuals with sudden cardiac arrest who received both immediate bystander CPR and automated external defibrillator had 91%survival.<ref>Bohm P, Meyer T, Narayanan K, et al. Sports-related sudden cardiac arrest in young adults. Europace. 2023;25(2):627-633. doi:10.1093/ europace/euac172</ref>
			* A recent meta-analysis demonstrated that in sports related sudden cardiac arrest, bystander presence (OR, 2.55; 95%CI, 1.48-4.37), bystander CPR (OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 2.36-6.25), and bystander automated external defibrillator use (OR, 5.25; 95%CI,3.58-7.70) were associated with improved survival.<ref>Michelland L, Murad MH, Bougouin W, et al. Association between basic life support and survival in sports-related sudden cardiac arrest: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(3):180-192. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac586</ref>

	==References==		==References==

Industrial and organizational psychology

2026-04-06T14:40:44Z

Self-determination theory

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:40, 6 April 2026
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	\|}		\|}

	===Self-determination theory===		===Self-determination theory (SDT) ===
	[[Image:SelfDeterminationTheory.png\|right\|400px]]		[[Image:SelfDeterminationTheory.png\|right\|400px]]
	Self-determination theory was proposed in the early 1980s.<ref>Deci, Edward L., and Richard M. Ryan. "Self-determination theory: When mind mediates behavior." The Journal of Mind and Behavior (1980): 33-43. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43852807</ref> In this theory, autonomy, mastery (competence), and relatedness have been validated as components<ref>Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 26(4), 419-435. {{doi\|10.1177/0146167200266002}}</ref><ref>Broeck A, Vansteenkiste M, Witte H, Soenens B, Lens W. Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the Work‐related Basic Need Satisfaction scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2010 Dec 1;83(4):981-1002. {{doi\|10.1348/096317909X481382}}</ref> and contains three factors:		Self-determination theory was proposed in the early 1980s.<ref>Deci, Edward L., and Richard M. Ryan. "Self-determination theory: When mind mediates behavior." The Journal of Mind and Behavior (1980): 33-43. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43852807</ref> In this theory, autonomy, mastery (competence), and relatedness have been validated as components<ref>Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 26(4), 419-435. {{doi\|10.1177/0146167200266002}}</ref><ref>Broeck A, Vansteenkiste M, Witte H, Soenens B, Lens W. Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the Work‐related Basic Need Satisfaction scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2010 Dec 1;83(4):981-1002. {{doi\|10.1348/096317909X481382}}</ref> and contains three factors:
Line 286:		Line 286:

	The SDT and Spreizter models were consolidated, with relatedness or membership included, by Ryff <ref name="pmid24281296">{{cite journal\| author=Ryff CD\| title=Psychological well-being revisited: advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. \| journal=Psychother Psychosom \| year= 2014 \| volume= 83 \| issue= 1 \| pages= 10-28 \| pmid=24281296 \| doi=10.1159/000353263 \| pmc=4241300 \| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24281296 }} </ref> and Phipps-Taylor<ref name="pmid27995705">{{cite journal\| author=Phipps-Taylor M, Shortell SM\| title=More Than Money: Motivating Physician Behavior Change in Accountable Care Organizations. \| journal=Milbank Q \| year= 2016 \| volume= 94 \| issue= 4 \| pages= 832-861 \| pmid=27995705 \| doi=10.1111/1468-0009.12230 \| pmc=5192815 \| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27995705 }} </ref>:		The SDT and Spreizter models were consolidated, with relatedness or membership included, by Ryff <ref name="pmid24281296">{{cite journal\| author=Ryff CD\| title=Psychological well-being revisited: advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. \| journal=Psychother Psychosom \| year= 2014 \| volume= 83 \| issue= 1 \| pages= 10-28 \| pmid=24281296 \| doi=10.1159/000353263 \| pmc=4241300 \| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24281296 }} </ref> and Phipps-Taylor<ref name="pmid27995705">{{cite journal\| author=Phipps-Taylor M, Shortell SM\| title=More Than Money: Motivating Physician Behavior Change in Accountable Care Organizations. \| journal=Milbank Q \| year= 2016 \| volume= 94 \| issue= 4 \| pages= 832-861 \| pmid=27995705 \| doi=10.1111/1468-0009.12230 \| pmc=5192815 \| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27995705 }} </ref>:
	* Ryff's six-factor model in 1989<ref name="Ryff1989">{{Citation \| vauthors=((Ryff, C. D.)) \| year=1989 \| title=Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. \| publisher=American Psychological Association (APA) \| url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069}}</ref> of 1) 'autonomy', 2) 'environmental mastery', 3) 'purpose in life', 4) 'positive relationships', and the addition of 'personal growth' and 'self-acceptance'. Interestingly, the addition of personal growth presaged ~~Spreitser~~'s inclusion of personal growth in her subsequent model of thriving later in 2011.		* Ryff's six-factor model in 1989<ref name="Ryff1989">{{Citation \| vauthors=((Ryff, C. D.)) \| year=1989 \| title=Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. \| publisher=American Psychological Association (APA) \| url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069}}</ref> of 1) 'autonomy', 2) 'environmental mastery', 3) 'purpose in life', 4) 'positive relationships', and the addition of 'personal growth' and 'self-acceptance'. Interestingly, the addition of personal growth presaged Spreitzer's inclusion of personal growth in her subsequent model of thriving later in 2011.

	SDT and JDR have been integrated<ref name="pmid27783240">{{cite journal\| author=Dreison KC, White DA, Bauer SM, Salyers MP, McGuire AB\| title=Integrating Self-Determination and Job Demands-Resources Theory in Predicting Mental Health Provider Burnout. \| journal=Adm Policy Ment Health \| year= 2018 \| volume= 45 \| issue= 1 \| pages= 121-130 \| pmid=27783240 \| doi=10.1007/s10488-016-0772-z \| pmc= \| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27783240 }} </ref>.		SDT and JDR have been integrated<ref name="pmid27783240">{{cite journal\| author=Dreison KC, White DA, Bauer SM, Salyers MP, McGuire AB\| title=Integrating Self-Determination and Job Demands-Resources Theory in Predicting Mental Health Provider Burnout. \| journal=Adm Policy Ment Health \| year= 2018 \| volume= 45 \| issue= 1 \| pages= 121-130 \| pmid=27783240 \| doi=10.1007/s10488-016-0772-z \| pmc= \| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27783240 }} </ref>.

Sudden cardiac death prognosis

2026-04-05T12:42:38Z

Prognosis of Sudden Cardiac Death

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:42, 5 April 2026
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	==Prognosis of Sudden Cardiac ~~Death~~==		==Prognosis of Sudden Cardiac Arrest Survivors==
	*Prognosis of in-hospital cardiac arrest is generally better than out-of-hospital [[cardiac arrest]] and the 1-year survival rate of patients who survived to hospital discharge was approximately 25% in the GWTG-R registry.<ref name="ViraniAlonso2020">{{cite journal\|last1=Virani\|first1=Salim S.\|last2=Alonso\|first2=Alvaro\|last3=Benjamin\|first3=Emelia J.\|last4=Bittencourt\|first4=Marcio S.\|last5=Callaway\|first5=Clifton W.\|last6=Carson\|first6=April P.\|last7=Chamberlain\|first7=Alanna M.\|last8=Chang\|first8=Alexander R.\|last9=Cheng\|first9=Susan\|last10=Delling\|first10=Francesca N.\|last11=Djousse\|first11=Luc\|last12=Elkind\|first12=Mitchell S.V.\|last13=Ferguson\|first13=Jane F.\|last14=Fornage\|first14=Myriam\|last15=Khan\|first15=Sadiya S.\|last16=Kissela\|first16=Brett M.\|last17=Knutson\|first17=Kristen L.\|last18=Kwan\|first18=Tak W.\|last19=Lackland\|first19=Daniel T.\|last20=Lewis\|first20=Tené T.\|last21=Lichtman\|first21=Judith H.\|last22=Longenecker\|first22=Chris T.\|last23=Loop\|first23=Matthew Shane\|last24=Lutsey\|first24=Pamela L.\|last25=Martin\|first25=Seth S.\|last26=Matsushita\|first26=Kunihiro\|last27=Moran\|first27=Andrew E.\|last28=Mussolino\|first28=Michael E.\|last29=Perak\|first29=Amanda Marma\|last30=Rosamond\|first30=Wayne D.\|last31=Roth\|first31=Gregory A.\|last32=Sampson\|first32=Uchechukwu K.A.\|last33=Satou\|first33=Gary M.\|last34=Schroeder\|first34=Emily B.\|last35=Shah\|first35=Svati H.\|last36=Shay\|first36=Christina M.\|last37=Spartano\|first37=Nicole L.\|last38=Stokes\|first38=Andrew\|last39=Tirschwell\|first39=David L.\|last40=VanWagner\|first40=Lisa B.\|last41=Tsao\|first41=Connie W.\|title=Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association\|journal=Circulation\|volume=141\|issue=9\|year=2020\|issn=0009-7322\|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757}}</ref>.Survival after out of hospital cardiac arrest and in hospital cardiac arrest has continued to improve over time according to the guideline.		*Prognosis of in-hospital cardiac arrest is generally better than out-of-hospital [[cardiac arrest]] and the 1-year survival rate of patients who survived to hospital discharge was approximately 25% in the GWTG-R registry.<ref name="ViraniAlonso2020">{{cite journal\|last1=Virani\|first1=Salim S.\|last2=Alonso\|first2=Alvaro\|last3=Benjamin\|first3=Emelia J.\|last4=Bittencourt\|first4=Marcio S.\|last5=Callaway\|first5=Clifton W.\|last6=Carson\|first6=April P.\|last7=Chamberlain\|first7=Alanna M.\|last8=Chang\|first8=Alexander R.\|last9=Cheng\|first9=Susan\|last10=Delling\|first10=Francesca N.\|last11=Djousse\|first11=Luc\|last12=Elkind\|first12=Mitchell S.V.\|last13=Ferguson\|first13=Jane F.\|last14=Fornage\|first14=Myriam\|last15=Khan\|first15=Sadiya S.\|last16=Kissela\|first16=Brett M.\|last17=Knutson\|first17=Kristen L.\|last18=Kwan\|first18=Tak W.\|last19=Lackland\|first19=Daniel T.\|last20=Lewis\|first20=Tené T.\|last21=Lichtman\|first21=Judith H.\|last22=Longenecker\|first22=Chris T.\|last23=Loop\|first23=Matthew Shane\|last24=Lutsey\|first24=Pamela L.\|last25=Martin\|first25=Seth S.\|last26=Matsushita\|first26=Kunihiro\|last27=Moran\|first27=Andrew E.\|last28=Mussolino\|first28=Michael E.\|last29=Perak\|first29=Amanda Marma\|last30=Rosamond\|first30=Wayne D.\|last31=Roth\|first31=Gregory A.\|last32=Sampson\|first32=Uchechukwu K.A.\|last33=Satou\|first33=Gary M.\|last34=Schroeder\|first34=Emily B.\|last35=Shah\|first35=Svati H.\|last36=Shay\|first36=Christina M.\|last37=Spartano\|first37=Nicole L.\|last38=Stokes\|first38=Andrew\|last39=Tirschwell\|first39=David L.\|last40=VanWagner\|first40=Lisa B.\|last41=Tsao\|first41=Connie W.\|title=Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association\|journal=Circulation\|volume=141\|issue=9\|year=2020\|issn=0009-7322\|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757}}</ref>.Survival after out of hospital cardiac arrest and in hospital cardiac arrest has continued to improve over time according to the guideline.
	*60% to 78% of young adults hospitalized after resuscitation from sudden cardiac arrest do not survive to hospital discharge.<ref>Deasy C, Bray JE, Smith K, Harriss LR, Bernard SA, Cameron P. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in young adults in Melbourne,Australia. Resuscitation. 2011;82(7):830-834. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011. 03.008</ref>,<ref name=":2" />,<ref>Fovaeus H, Holmen J, Mandalenakis Z, Herlitz J, Rawshani A, Castellheim AG.Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: survival in children and young adults over 30 years,a nationwide registry-based cohort study. Resuscitation. 2024;195:110103. doi:10.1016/ j.resuscitation.2023.110103</ref> This in-hospital mortality rate is similar to that of older adults who were resuscitated to hospitalization (≈65%).<ref>Ricceri S, Salazar JW, Vu AA, Vittinghoff E, Moffatt E, Tseng ZH. Factors predisposing to survival after resuscitation for sudden cardiac arrest. J AmColl Cardiol. 2021;77(19):2353-2362. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.299</ref>		*60% to 78% of young adults hospitalized after resuscitation from sudden cardiac arrest do not survive to hospital discharge.<ref>Deasy C, Bray JE, Smith K, Harriss LR, Bernard SA, Cameron P. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in young adults in Melbourne,Australia. Resuscitation. 2011;82(7):830-834. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011. 03.008</ref>,<ref name=":2" />,<ref>Fovaeus H, Holmen J, Mandalenakis Z, Herlitz J, Rawshani A, Castellheim AG.Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: survival in children and young adults over 30 years,a nationwide registry-based cohort study. Resuscitation. 2024;195:110103. doi:10.1016/ j.resuscitation.2023.110103</ref> This in-hospital mortality rate is similar to that of older adults who were resuscitated to hospitalization (≈65%).<ref>Ricceri S, Salazar JW, Vu AA, Vittinghoff E, Moffatt E, Tseng ZH. Factors predisposing to survival after resuscitation for sudden cardiac arrest. J AmColl Cardiol. 2021;77(19):2353-2362. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.299</ref>
			*The 10-year survival rate of sudden cardiac arrest survivors aged 40 years or younger was 90% in an Australian registry.<ref>Andrew E, Nehme Z, Wolfe R, Bernard S, Smith K. Long-term survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Heart. 2017;103(14):1104-1110. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310485</ref>The rate of recurrent arrest (both out of and in the hospital) or death in survivors aged 18 to 39 years in a Swedish registry was approximately 15% a year after the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.<ref>Hellsén G, Rawshani A, Skoglund K, et al. Predicting recurrent cardiac arrest in individuals surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2023;184:109678. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022. 109678</ref>

			One-year overall mortality of subcutaneous ICD recipients aged 15 to 34 years was 4.3% in one cohort,90 whereas the VT or VF recurrence rate estimated by subcutaneous ICD recording in secondary prevention recipients (age not reported) in a separate study was 9.9% at 1year and15.8% at 3years.<ref>Boersma LV, Barr CS, Burke MC ,et al; EFFORTLESS and IDE Study Investigators. Performance of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with a primary prevention indication with and without a reduced ejection fraction versus patients with a secondary prevention indication. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14(3): 367-375. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.11.025</ref>
	*<i><u>Factors associated poor [[prognosis]] after in-hospital [[cardiac arrest]] include</u></i>:<ref name="Chan2012">{{cite journal\|last1=Chan\|first1=Paul S.\|title=A Validated Prediction Tool for Initial Survivors of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest\|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine\|volume=172\|issue=12\|year=2012\|pages=947\|issn=0003-9926\|doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2012.2050}}</ref><ref name="pmid21596693">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Ebell MH, Afonso AM \|title=Pre-arrest predictors of failure to survive after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a meta-analysis \|journal=Fam Pract \|volume=28 \|issue=5 \|pages=505–15 \|date=October 2011 \|pmid=21596693 \|doi=10.1093/fampra/cmr023 \|url=}}</ref>		*<i><u>Factors associated poor [[prognosis]] after in-hospital [[cardiac arrest]] include</u></i>:<ref name="Chan2012">{{cite journal\|last1=Chan\|first1=Paul S.\|title=A Validated Prediction Tool for Initial Survivors of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest\|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine\|volume=172\|issue=12\|year=2012\|pages=947\|issn=0003-9926\|doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2012.2050}}</ref><ref name="pmid21596693">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Ebell MH, Afonso AM \|title=Pre-arrest predictors of failure to survive after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a meta-analysis \|journal=Fam Pract \|volume=28 \|issue=5 \|pages=505–15 \|date=October 2011 \|pmid=21596693 \|doi=10.1093/fampra/cmr023 \|url=}}</ref>
	:*Age > 70 years old		:*Age > 70 years old

Sudden cardiac death post arrest care and prevention

2026-04-05T12:33:04Z

2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrythymias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death [2]

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 ==== Other methods for secondary prevention: ====
-Adjunctive pharmacotherapy, especially amiodarone,92,93 or catheter ablation92,94,95 may be used in com bination with ICD.This based on the fact that survivors with ICD placement remain at risk of spontaneous VT or VF, with a reported recurrence rate of 37% during a 2-year follow-up among Australian adults.91
+Adjunctive pharmacotherapy, especially amiodarone,<ref name=":0">Kheiri B, Barbarawi M, Zayed Y, et al. Antiarrhythmic drugs or catheter ablation in the management of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Circ ArrhythmElectrophysiol. 2019;12(11):e007600. doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.119.007600</ref>,<ref>Connolly SJ, Dorian P, Roberts RS, et al; Optimal Pharmacological Therapy in Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients (OPTIC) Investigators. Comparison of beta-blockers, amiodarone plus beta-blockers, or sotalol for prevention of shocks fromimplantable cardioverter defibrillators: the OPTIC Study:a randomized trial. JAMA.2006;295 (2):165-171. doi:10.1001/jama.295.2.165</ref> or catheter ablation<ref name=":0" />,<ref>Kuck KH, Tilz RR, Deneke T, et al; SMS Investigators. Impact of substrate modification by catheter ablation on implantable cardioverter-defibrillator interventions in patients with unstable ventricular arrhythmias and coronary artery disease: results from the multicenter randomizedcontrolled SMS (Substrate Modification Study). Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2017;10(3): e004422.doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004422</ref>,<ref>Sapp JL, Wells GA, Parkash R, et al.Ventricular tachycardia ablation versus escalation of antiarrhythmic drugs. N Engl J Med.2016;375(2): 111-121. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1513614</ref> may be used in com bination with ICD.This based on the fact that survivors with ICD placement remain at risk of spontaneous VT or VF, with a reported recurrence rate of 37% during a 2-year follow-up among Australian adults.<ref>Zaman S, Sivagangabalan G, Chik W, et al. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia recurrence in primary versus secondary implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients and role of electrophysiology study. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2014;41(3): 195-202. doi:10.1007/s10840-014-9941-8</ref>
 ==2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrythymias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death <ref name="pmid36017572">{{cite journal| author=Zeppenfeld K, Tfelt-Hansen J, de Riva M, Winkel BG, Behr ER, Blom NA | display-authors=etal| title=2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2022 | volume= 43 | issue= 40 | pages= 3997-4126 | pmid=36017572 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=36017572  }} </ref>==