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https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882926
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T19:19:25Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* Back strain<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydia infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* Disc disorder<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* Excessive lifting<br />
* Facet arthropathy<br />
* [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]] of spine<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* Ligament strain<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882924
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T19:16:58Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* Back strain<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydia infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* Disc disorder<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* Excessive lifting<br />
* Facet arthropathy<br />
* [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]] of spine<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* Ligament strain<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882923
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T19:16:09Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* Back strain<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydia infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* Disc disorder<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* Excessive lifting<br />
* Facet arthropathy<br />
* [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]] of spine<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* Ligament strain<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882922
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T19:14:10Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* Back strain<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydia infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* Disc disorder<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* Excessive lifting<br />
* Facet arthropathy<br />
* [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]] of spine<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* Ligament strain<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882921
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T19:13:15Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* Back strain<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydia infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* Disc disorder<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* Excessive lifting<br />
* Facet arthropathy<br />
* [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]] of spine<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* Ligament strain<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882920
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T19:12:17Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* Back strain<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydia infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* Disc disorder<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* Excessive lifting<br />
* Facet arthropathy<br />
* [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]] of spine<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* Ligament strain<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteoscelrosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* [[ Back strain]]<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydial Infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[ Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* [[Disc disorder]]<br />
* [[Disc injury]]<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* [[Ligament strain]]<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* [[Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion]]<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882919
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T18:59:34Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* Back strain<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydia infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* Disc disorder<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]] of spine<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* Ligament strain<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteoscelrosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* [[ Back strain]]<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydial Infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[ Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* [[Disc disorder]]<br />
* [[Disc injury]]<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* [[Ligament strain]]<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* [[Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion]]<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882918
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T18:59:09Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* Back strain<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydia infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* Disc disorder<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]] of spine<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* Ligament strain<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteoscelrosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* [[ Back strain]]<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydial Infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[ Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* [[Disc disorder]]<br />
* [[Disc injury]]<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* [[Ligament strain]]<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* [[Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion]]<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882917
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T18:58:46Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* Back strain<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydial infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* Disc disorder<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]] of spine<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* Ligament strain<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteoscelrosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* [[ Back strain]]<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydial Infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[ Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* [[Disc disorder]]<br />
* [[Disc injury]]<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* [[Ligament strain]]<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* [[Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion]]<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882916
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T18:58:20Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteoscelrosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* Back strain<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydial infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* Disc disorder<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]] of spine<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* Ligament strain<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteoscelrosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* [[ Back strain]]<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydial Infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[ Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* [[Disc disorder]]<br />
* [[Disc injury]]<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* [[Ligament strain]]<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* [[Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion]]<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882915
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T18:54:41Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteoscelrosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* [[ Back strain]]<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydial Infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[ Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* [[Disc disorder]]<br />
* [[Disc injury]]<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* [[Ligament strain]]<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* [[Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion]]<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteoscelrosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* [[ Back strain]]<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydial Infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[ Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* [[Disc disorder]]<br />
* [[Disc injury]]<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* [[Ligament strain]]<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* [[Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion]]<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882914
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T18:51:35Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
"<br />
"<br />
[[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
[[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
Metastatic neoplasm<br />
[[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
[[Discitis]]<br />
[[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
[[ UTI]]<br />
[[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
[[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
[[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
[[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
[[Disc injury]]<br />
[[Epidural abscess]]<br />
[[Pregnancy]]<br />
[[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
[[Tuberculosis]]<br />
[[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
[[ Back strain]]<br />
[[ Colorectal cancer]]<br />
[[ Functional disorders]]]<br />
[[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
[[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
[[ Prostatitis]]<br />
[[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
[[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
[[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
[[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
[[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
[[Aortic aneurysm, abdominal]]<br />
[[Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
[[Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
[[Bone metastases]]<br />
[[Breakdance back syndrome]]<br />
[[Breast cancer]]<br />
[[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
[[Chlamydial Infection]]<br />
[[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
[[Chordoma]]<br />
[[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
[[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
[[Clinical depression]]<br />
[[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
[[Coccydynia]]<br />
[[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
[[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
[[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
[[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
[[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
[[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
[[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
[[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
[[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
[[Disc disorder]]<br />
[[Discitis]]<br />
[[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
[[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
[[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
[[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
[[Fractures]]<br />
[[Glycogen storage disease type 2]]<br />
[[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
[[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
[[Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine]]<br />
[[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
[[Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
[[Ligament strain]]<br />
[[Malignancy]]<br />
[[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
[[Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion]]<br />
[[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
[[Muscle spasm]]<br />
[[Myeloma]]<br />
[[Ochronosis]]<br />
[[Oophoritis]]<br />
[[Osteomalacia]]<br />
[[Osteomyelitis]]<br />
[[Osteomyelitis]]<br />
[[Osteoporosis]]<br />
[[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
[[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
[[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
[[PID]]<br />
[[Pompe disease ]]<br />
[[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
[[Posture]]<br />
[[Prostate Cancer]]<br />
[[Prostatitis]]<br />
[[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
[[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
[[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
[[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
[[Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
[[Slipped disc]]<br />
[[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
[[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
[[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
[[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
[[Spondylolysis]]<br />
[[Spondylosis]]<br />
[[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
[[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
[[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
[[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
[[Vertebral dysfunction]]<br />
[[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
[[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
[[Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
* [[Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[osteoscelrosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* [[ Back strain]]<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* Breakdance back syndrome<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydial Infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[ Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* [[Disc disorder]]<br />
* [[Disc injury]]<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* [[Ligament strain]]<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* [[Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion]]<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Pompe's disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* Vertebral dysfunction<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882913
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T18:04:00Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Disc injury]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[ Back strain]]<br />
* [[ Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm, abdominal]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* [[Breakdance back syndrome]]<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydial Infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* [[Disc disorder]]<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[Glycogen storage disease type 2]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* [[Ligament strain]]<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* [[Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion]]<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Oophoritis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[PID]]<br />
* [[Pompe disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Prostate Cancer]]<br />
* [[Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[Vertebral dysfunction]]<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882912
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T18:03:00Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* Metastatic neoplasm<br />
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[ Excessive lifting]]<br />
* [[ UTI]]<br />
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]<br />
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]<br />
* [[Alkaptonuria]]<br />
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]<br />
* [[Disc injury]]<br />
* [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
* [[Pregnancy]]<br />
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]<br />
* [[Tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]<br />
* [[ Back strain]]<br />
* [[ Colorectal cancer]]<br />
* [[ Functional disorders]]]<br />
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]<br />
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<br />
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Aortic aneurysm, abdominal]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune oophoritis]]<br />
* [[Axial osteosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Bone metastases]]<br />
* [[Breakdance back syndrome]]<br />
* [[Breast cancer]]<br />
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]<br />
* [[Chlamydial Infection]]<br />
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Chordoma]]<br />
* [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]]<br />
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]<br />
* [[Clinical depression]]<br />
* [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
* [[Coccydynia]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
* [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
* [[Disc disorder]]<br />
* [[Discitis]]<br />
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
* [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
* [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]]<br />
* [[Fractures]]<br />
* [[Glycogen storage disease type 2]]<br />
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]<br />
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine]]<br />
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Leukemia, mast-cell]]<br />
* [[Ligament strain]]<br />
* [[Malignancy]]<br />
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
* [[Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion]]<br />
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]<br />
* [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
* [[Myeloma]]<br />
* [[Ochronosis]]<br />
* [[Oophoritis]]<br />
* [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Paget disease of bone]]<br />
* [[Pelvic abscess]]<br />
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]<br />
* [[PID]]<br />
* [[Pompe disease ]]<br />
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Posture]]<br />
* [[Prostate Cancer]]<br />
* [[Prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]<br />
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]<br />
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]<br />
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
* [[Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
* [[Slipped disc]]<br />
* [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]<br />
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]<br />
* [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
* [[Spondylosis]]<br />
* [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]<br />
* [[Transverse myelitis]]<br />
* [[Uterine fibroids]]<br />
* [[Vertebral dysfunction]]<br />
* [[Vertebral fracture]]<br />
* [[Viral prostatitis]]<br />
* [[Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882911
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T17:54:14Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882910
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T17:50:17Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[Whiplash Injury]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882909
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T17:46:46Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], [[ Back strain]], [[Fractures]], [[Ligament strain]], [[Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882908
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T17:42:44Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], [[ Back strain]], [[Fractures]], [[Ligament strain]], [[Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], [[Breakdance back syndrome]], [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882907
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T17:40:46Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], [[ Back strain]], [[Fractures]], [[Ligament strain]], [[Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], [[Breakdance back syndrome]], [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882906
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T17:38:59Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], [[ Back strain]], [[Fractures]], [[Ligament strain]], [[Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], [[Breakdance back syndrome]], [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882905
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T17:38:04Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia Infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], [[ Back strain]], [[Fractures]], [[Ligament strain]], [[Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], [[Breakdance back syndrome]], [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Anismus&diff=882888
Anismus
2013-06-14T16:05:53Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Etiology */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KD}}<br />
{{SI}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Anismus''' (or dyssynergic defecation) refers to the failure of the normal relaxation of [[pelvic floor]] muscles during attempted [[defecation]].<br />
Anismus can occur in both children and adults, and in both men and women (although it is more common in women). It can be caused by physical defects or it can occur for other reasons or unknown reasons. Anismus that has a behavioral cause could be viewed as having similarities with [[parcopresis]], or psychogenic fecal retention.<br />
<br />
Symptoms include [[tenesmus]] (a sensation where a mass is felt to remain in rectum after defecation) and [[constipation]]. Retention of stool may result in fecal loading (retention of a mass of stool of any consistency) or [[fecal impaction]] (retention of a mass of hard stool). This mass may stretch the walls of the rectum and colon, causing [[megarectum]] and/or [[megacolon]] respectively. Liquid stool may leak around a fecal impaction, possibly causing degrees of liquid fecal incontinence. This is usually termed [[encopresis]] or soiling in children, and [[fecal leakage]], soiling or liquid [[fecal incontinence]] in adults.<br />
<br />
Anismus is usually treated with adjustments to the diet, such as [[dietary fiber]] supplementation. It can also be treated with a type of [[biofeedback]] therapy, where a sensor probe is inserted in the patient's [[anal canal]] and records the pressures exerted by the pelvic floor muscles. These pressures are visually fed back to the patient via a monitor who is able to regain the normal coordinated movement of the muscles after a few sessions.<br />
<br />
Some researchers have suggested that anismus is an over-diagnosed condition, since the standard investigations or [[digital rectal examination]] and [[anorectal manometry]] were shown to cause paradoxical sphincter contraction in healthy controls, who did not have constipation or incontinence.<ref name="Paradoxical sphincter contraction is rarely indicative of anismus">{{cite journal|last=Voderholzer|first=W A|coauthors=Neuhaus, D A; Klauser, A G; Tzavella, K; Muller-Lissner, S A; Schindlbeck, N E|title=Paradoxical sphincter contraction is rarely indicative of anismus|journal=Gut|date=1 August 1997|volume=41|issue=2|pages=258–262|doi=10.1136/gut.41.2.258|pmid=9301508|pmc=1891465}}</ref> Due to the invasive and perhaps uncomfortable nature of these investigations, the pelvic floor musculature is thought to behave differently than under normal circumstances. These researchers went on to conclude that paradoxical pelvic floor contraction common finding in healthy controls as well as in patients with chronic constipation and stool incontinence, and it represents a non-specific finding or laboratory artifact related to untoward conditions during examination, and that true anismus is actually rare.<br />
<br />
==Historical Perspective==<br />
Paradoxical anal contraction during attempted defecation in constipated patients was first described in a paper in 1985, when the term anismus was first used.<ref name="Anismus in chronic constipation.">{{cite journal|last=Preston|first=DM|coauthors=Lennard-Jones, JE|title=Anismus in chronic constipation|journal=Digestive diseases and sciences|date=1985 May|volume=30|issue=5|pages=413–8|pmid=3987474|doi=10.1007/BF01318172}}</ref> The researchers drew analogies to a condition called [[vaginismus]], which involves paroxysmal contraction of [[pubococcygeus]] (another muscle of the pelvic floor). These researchers felt that this condition was a spastic dysfunction of the anus, analogous to ‘vaginismus’. However, the term anismus implies a psychogenic etiology, which is not true although psychological dysfunction has been described in these patients. Hence:<br />
<br />
Latin ''ani'' - "of the anus"<br><br />
Latin ''spasmus'' - "spasm"<br />
<br />
(Derived by extrapolation with the term vaginismus, which in turn is from the Latin ''vagina'' - "sheath" + ''spasmus'' - "spasm")<br />
<br />
Many terms have been used synonymously to refer to this condition, some inappropriately. The term "anismus" has been criticised as it implies a [[psychogenic disease|psychogenic]] cause.<ref name="Dyssynergic Defecation and Biofeedback Therapy">{{cite journal|last=Rao|first=Satish S.C.|title=Dyssynergic Defecation and Biofeedback Therapy|journal=Gastroenterology Clinics of North America|date=31 August 2008|volume=37|issue=3|pages=569–586|doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2008.06.011|pmid=18793997|pmc=2575098}}</ref> As stated in the Rome II criteria, the term "dyssynergic defecation" is preferred to "pelvic floor dyssynergia" because many patients with dyssynergic defecation do not report sexual or urinary symptoms,<ref name="Functional anorectal disorders.">{{cite journal|last=Bharucha|first=AE|coauthors=Wald, A; Enck, P; Rao, S|title=Functional anorectal disorders|journal=Gastroenterology|date=2006 Apr|volume=130|issue=5|pages=1510–8|pmid=16678564|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.064}}</ref> meaning that only the defecation mechanism is affected.<br />
<br />
Other synonyms include:<br />
*Dyskinetic puborectalis <ref name="The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery" /><br />
*Puborectalis syndrome <ref name=Coloproctology /><br />
*Paradoxical puborectalis <ref name="The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery" /><br />
*Nonrelaxing puborectalis <ref name="The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery" /><br />
*Paradoxal puborectal contraction <ref name="[Functional obstructed defecation syndrome].">{{cite journal|last=Kairaluoma|first=MV|title=[Functional obstructed defecation syndrome]|journal=Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja|year=2009|volume=125|issue=2|pages=221–5|pmid=19341037}}</ref><br />
*Spastic pelvic floor syndrome,<ref name="Treatment of the spastic pelvic floor syndrome with biofeedback.">{{cite journal|last=Bleijenberg|first=G|coauthors=Kuijpers, HC|title=Treatment of the spastic pelvic floor syndrome with biofeedback|journal=Diseases of the colon and rectum|date=1987 Feb|volume=30|issue=2|pages=108–11|pmid=3803114|doi=10.1007/BF02554946}}</ref><br />
*Anal sphincter dyssynergia <ref>[http://www.wdxcyber.com/ngen20.htm Help for Constipation]</ref><br />
*Paradoxical pelvic floor contraction <ref name="The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery" /><br />
==Classification==<br />
Anismus is classified as a functional defecation disorder. It is also a type of [[Bowel obstruction#Outlet obstruction|rectal outlet obstruction]] (a functional outlet obstruction). Where anismus causes constipation, it is an example of [[functional constipation]]. Some authors describe an "[[obstructed defecation syndrome]]", of which anismus is a cause.<ref name="Obstructed Defaecation Web" /><br />
<br />
The [[Rome process|Rome classification]] subdivides functional defecation disorders into 3 types,<ref name="Functional anorectal disorders." /> however the symptoms the patient experiences are identical.<ref name="Investigation of the utility of colorectal function tests and Rome II criteria in dyssynergic defecation (Anismus).">{{cite journal|last=Rao|first=SS|coauthors=Mudipalli, RS; Stessman, M; Zimmerman, B|title=Investigation of the utility of colorectal function tests and Rome II criteria in dyssynergic defecation (Anismus)|journal=Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society|date=2004 Oct|volume=16|issue=5|pages=589–96|pmid=15500515|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2982.2004.00526.x}}</ref><br />
*Type I: paradoxical paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor muscles during attempted defecation<br />
*Type II: inadequate propulsive forces during attempted defecation (inadequate defecatory propulsion)<br />
*Type III: impaired relaxation with adequate propulsion<br />
<br />
It can be seen from the above classification that many of the terms that have been used interchangeably with anismus are inappropriately specific and neglect the concept of impaired propulsion. Similarly, some of the definitions that have been offered are also too restrictive.<br />
==Causes==<br />
[[File:Stylized depiction of action of puborectalis sling.png|547px|thumb|right|Stylized diagram showing action of the puborectalis sling, and the formation of the anorectal angle. A-puborectalis, B-rectum, C-level of anorectal ring and anorectal angle, D-anal canal, E-anal verge, F-representation of internal and external anal sphincters, G-coccyx & sacrum, H-pubic symphysis, I-Ischium, J-pubic bone.]]<br />
<br />
To understand the etiology of anismus, an understanding of normal colorectal anatomy and physiology, including the normal defecation mechanism, is helpful. The relevant anatomy includes: the [[rectum]], the [[anal canal]] and the muscles of the [[pelvic floor]], especially [[puborectalis]] and the [[Sphincter ani externus muscle|external anal sphincter]].<br />
<br />
The [[rectum]] is a section of bowel situated just above the anal canal and distal to the [[sigmoid colon]]. It is believed to act as a reservoir to store stool until it fills past a certain volume, at which time the defecation reflexes are stimulated.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Shafik|first=A|coauthors=Mostafa, RM; Shafik, I; Ei-Sibai, O; Shafik, AA|title=Functional activity of the rectum: A conduit organ or a storage organ or both?|journal=World journal of gastroenterology : WJG|date=2006-07-28|volume=12|issue=28|pages=4549–52|pmid=16874870}}</ref> In healthy individuals, defecation can be temporarily delayed until it is socially acceptable to [[defecation|defecate]]. In continent individuals, the rectum is able to expand to a degree to accommodate this function.<br />
<br />
The [[anal canal]] is the short straight section of bowel between the rectum and the [[anus]]. It can be defined functionally as the distance between the anorectal ring and the end of the [[Sphincter ani internus muscle|internal anal sphincter]]. The internal anal sphincter forms the walls of the anal canal. The [[Sphincter ani internus muscle|internal anal sphincter]] is not under voluntary control, and in normal persons it is contracted at all times except when there is a need to defecate. This means that the [[Sphincter ani internus muscle|internal anal sphincter]] contributes more to the resting tone of the anal canal than the [[Sphincter ani externus muscle|external anal sphincter]]. The internal sphincter is responsible for creating a watertight seal, and therefore provides continence of liquid stool elements.<br />
<br />
[[Puborectalis]] is one of the muscles of the pelvic floor. It is [[skeletal muscle]], meaning it is under voluntary control. The puborectalis originates on the posterior aspect of the [[pubic bone]], and runs backwards, looping around the bowel.<br />
<br />
The point at which the rectum joins the anal canal is known as the anorectal ring, which is at the level that the [[puborectalis]] muscle loops around the bowel from in front. This arrangement means that when puborectalis is contracted, it pulls the junction of the rectum and the anal canal forwards, creating an angle in the bowel called the anorectal angle. This angle prevents the movement of stool stored in the rectum moving into the anal canal. It is thought to be responsible for gross continence of solid stool. Some believe the anorectal angle is one of the most important contributors to continence.<ref name="Altomare 51–4">{{cite journal|last=Altomare|first=DF|coauthors=Rinaldi, M; Veglia, A; Guglielmi, A; Sallustio, PL; Tripoli, G|title=Contribution of posture to the maintenance of anal continence.|journal=International journal of colorectal disease|date=2001 Feb|volume=16|issue=1|pages=51–4|pmid=11317698}}</ref><br />
<br />
Conversely, relaxation of the [[puborectalis]] reduces the pull on the junction of the [[rectum]] and the [[anal canal]],<br />
causing the anorectal angle to straighten out. A [[Human defecation posture|squatting posture]] is also known to straighten the anorectal angle, meaning that less effort is required to defecate when in this position.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sikirov|first=D|title=Comparison of straining during defecation in three positions: results and implications for human health.|journal=Digestive diseases and sciences|date=2003 Jul|volume=48|issue=7|pages=1201–5|pmid=12870773}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Distension of the rectum normally causes the [[Sphincter ani internus muscle|internal anal sphincter]] to relax (Rectoanal inhibitory response, RAIR) and the [[Sphincter ani externus muscle|external anal sphincter]] initially to contract (rectoanal excitatory reflex, RAER). The relaxation of the [[Sphincter ani internus muscle|internal anal sphincter]] is an involuntary response. The [[Sphincter ani externus muscle|external anal sphincter]], by contrast, is made up of skeletal (or striated muscle) and is therefore under voluntary control. It is able to contract vigorously for a short time. Contraction of the external sphincter can defer defecation for a time by pushing stool from the anal canal back into the rectum.<br />
<br />
Once the voluntary signal to defecate is sent back from the brain, the abdominal muscles contract (straining) causing the intra-abdominal pressure to increase. the pelvic floor is lowered causing the ano rectal angle to straighten out from ~90<sup>o</sup> to <15<sup>o</sup> and the external anal sphincter relaxes. The rectum now contracts and shortens in [[peristalsis|peristaltic waves]], thus forcing fecal material out of the rectum, through the anal canal and out of the anus. The internal and external anal sphincters along with the puborectalis muscle allow the feces to be passed by pulling the anus up over the exiting feces in shortening and contracting actions.<br />
<br />
In patients with anismus, the puborectalis and the external anal sphincter muscles fail to relax, with resultant failure of the anorectal angle to straighten out and facilitate evacuation of feces from the rectum. These muscles may even contract when they should relax (paradoxical contraction), and this not only fails to straighten out the anorectal angle, but causes it to become more acute and offer greater obstruction to evacuation.<br />
<br />
As these muscles are under voluntary control, the failure of muscular relaxation or paradoxical contraction that is characteristic of anismus can be thought of as either maladaptive behavior or a loss of voluntary control of these muscles. Others claim that puborectalis can become [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] (enlarged) or [[fibrosed|fibrosis]] (replacement of muscle tissue with a more fibrous tissue), which reduces voluntary control over the muscle.<br />
<br />
Anismus could be thought of as the patient "forgetting" how to push correctly, i.e. straining against a contracted pelvic floor, instead of increasing abdominal cavity pressures and lowering pelvic cavity pressures. It may be that this scenario develops as a result of stress. For example, one study reported that animus was strongly associated with sexual abuse in women.<ref name="Anismus as a marker of sexual abuse. Consequences of abuse on anorectal motility.">{{cite journal|last=Leroi|first=AM|coauthors=Berkelmans, I; Denis, P; Hémond, M; Devroede, G|title=Anismus as a marker of sexual abuse. Consequences of abuse on anorectal motility.|journal=Digestive diseases and sciences|date=1995 Jul|volume=40|issue=7|pages=1411–6|pmid=7628260}}</ref> One paper stated that events such as pregnancy, childbirth, gynaecological descent or neurogenic disturbances of the brain-bowel axis could lead to a "functional [[obstructed defecation syndrome]]" (including anismus).<ref name="[Functional obstructed defecation syndrome].">{{cite journal|last=Kairaluoma|first=MV|title=[Functional obstructed defecation syndrome].|journal=Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja|year=2009|volume=125|issue=2|pages=221–5|pmid=19341037}}</ref> Anismus may develop in persons with [[extrapyramidal motor disturbance]] due to [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref>{{cite pmid|17131231}}</ref> This represents a type of [[focal dystonia]].<ref>{{cite pmid|3221217}}</ref> Anismus may also occur with [[anorectal malformation]], [[rectocele]],<ref>{{cite pmid|12501052}}</ref> [[rectal prolapse]]<ref name=PMID9708010>{{cite pmid|9708010}}</ref> and [[rectal ulcer]].<ref name=PMID9708010/><br />
<br />
In many cases however, the underlying pathophysiology in patients presenting with obstructed defecation cannot be determined.<ref name="Obstructed defecation: current status of pathophysiology and management.">{{cite journal|last=Lubowski|first=DZ|coauthors=King, DW|title=Obstructed defecation: current status of pathophysiology and management.|journal=The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery|date=1995 Feb|volume=65|issue=2|pages=87–92|pmid=7857236}}</ref><br />
<br />
Some authors have commented that the "puborectalis paradox" and "spastic pelvic floor" concepts have no objective data to support their validity. They state that "new evidence showing that defecation is an integrated process of colonic and rectal emptying suggests that anismus may be much more complex than a simple disorder of the pelvic floor muscles." <ref name="Obstructed defecation: current status of pathophysiology and management.">{{cite journal|last=Lubowski|first=DZ|coauthors=King, DW|title=Obstructed defecation: current status of pathophysiology and management.|journal=The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery|date=1995 Feb|volume=65|issue=2|pages=87–92|pmid=7857236}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Natural History, Complications and Porgnosis==<br />
Persistent failure to fully evacuate stool may lead to retention of a mass of stool in the rectum (fecal loading), which can become hardened, forming a [[fecal impaction]] or even [[fecolith]]s.<br />
<br />
Liquid stool elements may leak around the retained fecal mass, which may lead to paradoxical diarrhoea and/or fecal leakage (usually known as [[encopresis]] in children and [[fecal leakage]] in adults).<ref name="Clinical significance of anismus in encopresis.">{{cite journal|last=Catto-Smith|first=AG|coauthors=Nolan, TM; Coffey, CM|title=Clinical significance of anismus in encopresis|journal=Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology|date=1998 Sep|volume=13|issue=9|pages=955–60|pmid=9794197|doi=10.1111/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00768.x}}</ref><ref name="Fecal seepage and soiling: a problem of rectal sensation.">{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=BA|coauthors=Timmcke, AE; Gathright JB, Jr; Hicks, TC; Opelka, FG; Beck, DE|title=Fecal seepage and soiling: a problem of rectal sensation.|journal=Diseases of the colon and rectum|date=1995 Jul|volume=38|issue=7|pages=746–8|pmid=7607037}}</ref><ref name="Investigation of the pathophysiology of fecal seepage.">{{cite journal|last=Rao|first=SS|coauthors=Ozturk, R; Stessman, M|title=Investigation of the pathophysiology of fecal seepage.|journal=The American journal of gastroenterology|date=2004 Nov|volume=99|issue=11|pages=2204–9|pmid=15555003|doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40387.x}}</ref><ref name="Conservative treatment of patients with faecal soiling.">{{cite journal|last=van der Hagen|first=SJ|coauthors=Soeters, PB; Baeten, CG; van Gemert, WG|title=Conservative treatment of patients with faecal soiling.|journal=Techniques in coloproctology|date=2011 Sep|volume=15|issue=3|pages=291–5|pmid=21720889|doi=10.1007/s10151-011-0709-1|pmc=3155048}}</ref><br />
<br />
When anismus occurs in the context of intractable [[encopresis]] (as it often does), resolution of anismus may be insufficient to resolve encopresis.<ref name="pmid9797593"/> For this reason, and because biofeedback training is invasive, expensive, and labor intensive, biofeedback training is not recommended for treatment of encopresis with anismus.<br />
<br />
The walls of the rectum may become stretched, known as [[megarectum]].<ref name="[Megarectum and anismus: a cause of constipation].">{{cite journal|last=Real Martínez|first=Y|coauthors=Ibáñez Moya, M; Pérez Mota, A|title=[Megarectum and anismus: a cause of constipation]|journal=Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas : organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Patologia Digestiva|date=2007 Jun|volume=99|issue=6|pages=352–3|pmid=17883300}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
===Definition===<br />
Several definitions have been offered:<br />
<br />
*"Absence of normal relaxation of pelvic floor muscles during defecation, resulting in rectal outlet obstruction".<ref name="The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery">{{cite book|last=al.]|first=senior editors, Bruce G. Wolff ... [et|title=The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery|year=2007|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=0-387-24846-3}}</ref><br />
*"Malfunction (a [[focal dystonia]]) of the [[external anal sphincter]] and [[puborectalis muscle]] during [[defecation]]".<br />
*"[...] failure of [the [[external anal sphincter]] and [[puborectalis]]] muscle[s] to relax, resulting in maintenance of the anorectal angle and the difficulty with initiating and completing bowel movements".<ref name=Coloproctology>{{cite book|last=Wexner|first=edited by Andrew P. Zbar, Steven D.|title=Coloproctology|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-84882-755-4}}</ref><br />
*"[...] failure of relaxation (or paradoxic contraction) of the puborectalis muscle sling during defaecation, attempted defaecation or straining."<ref name="Obstructed Defaecation Web">{{cite web|last=Marzouk|first=Deya|title=Obstructed Defaecation Web|url=http://www.obstructed-defaecation.com/Anismus.html|accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
===History and Symptoms===<br />
Symptoms include:<br />
*Straining to pass fecal material <ref name="Complex anorectal disorders">{{cite book|last=Phillips|first=[edited by] Steven D. Wexner, Andrew P. Zbar, Mario Pescatori ; with a foreword by Robin|title=Complex anorectal disorders investigation and management|year=2005|publisher=Springer|location=London|isbn=1852336900}}</ref><br />
*[[Tenesmus]] (a feeling of incomplete evacuation) <ref name="Complex anorectal disorders" /><br />
*Feeling of anorectal obstruction/blockage <ref name="Complex anorectal disorders" /><br />
*Digital maneuvers needed to aid defecation <ref name="Complex anorectal disorders" /><br />
*Difficulty initiating and completing bowel movements<ref name=Coloproctology /><br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
The Rome classification diagnostic criteria for functional defecation disorders is as follows:<ref name="Functional anorectal disorders." /><br />
<br />
#Patient must satisfy diagnostic criteria for '''[[functional constipation]]'''<br />
#During repeated attempts to defecate must have '''at least 2''' of the following:<br />
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><br />
:<li>Evidence of impaired evacuation, based on balloon expulsion test or imaging</li><br />
:<li>Inappropriate contraction of the pelvic floor muscles (ie, anal sphincter or puborectalis) or less than 20% relaxation of basal resting sphincter pressure by manometry, imaging, or electromyography</li><br />
:<li>Inadequate propulsive forces assessed by manometry or imaging</li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
The diagnostic criteria for dyssynergic defecation is given as "inappropriate contraction of the pelvic floor<br />
or less than 20% relaxation of basal resting sphincter pressure with adequate propulsive forces during attempted defecation." <ref name="Functional anorectal disorders." /><br />
<br />
The diagnostic criteria for inadequate defecatory Propulsion is given as "inadequate propulsive forces with or without inappropriate contraction or less than 20% relaxation of the anal sphincter during attempted defecation." <ref name="Functional anorectal disorders." /><br />
<br />
The Rome criteria recommend that anorectal testing is not usually indicated in patients with symptoms of until patients have failed conservative<br />
treatment (e.g., increased dietary fiber and liquids; elimination<br />
of medications with constipating side effects<br />
whenever possible).<br />
<br />
Various investigations have been recommended in the diagnosis of anisumus.<br />
<br />
===Digital rectal examination===<br />
{{main|digital rectal examination}}<br />
Physical examination can rule out anismus (by identifying another cause) but is not sufficient to diagnose anismus.<br />
<br />
===Anorectal manometry===<br />
<br />
===Evacuation proctography===<br />
[[defecating proctogram]]), and [[MRI defecography]]<br />
<br />
===Balloon expulsion test===<br />
<br />
===Rectal cooling test===<br />
The rectal cooling test is suggested to differentiate between rectal inertia and impaired relaxation/paradoxical contraction <ref name="Rectal cooling test in the differentiation between constipation due to rectal inertia and anismus.">{{cite journal|last=Shafik|first=A|coauthors=Shafik, I; El Sibai, O; Shafik, AA|title=Rectal cooling test in the differentiation between constipation due to rectal inertia and anismus|journal=Techniques in coloproctology|date=2007 Mar|volume=11|issue=1|pages=39–43|pmid=17357865|doi=10.1007/s10151-007-0323-4}}</ref><br />
<br />
Other techniques include [[manometry]], [[balloon expulsion test]], [[evacuation proctography]] (see [[defecating proctogram]]), and [[MRI defecography]].<ref name="pmid16720016">{{cite journal<br />
| author = Berman L, Aversa J, Abir F, Longo WE<br />
| title = Management of disorders of the posterior pelvic floor<br />
| journal = Yale J Biol Med<br />
| volume = 78<br />
| issue = 4<br />
| pages = 211–21<br />
| year = 2005<br />
| month = July<br />
| pmid = 16720016<br />
| pmc = 2259151<br />
| doi =<br />
| url = http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/nlm?genre=article&issn=0044-0086&volume=78&issue=4&spage=211&aulast=Berman<br />
}}</ref> Diagnostic criteria are: fulfillment of criteria for [[functional constipation]], manometric and/or EMG and/or radiological evidence (2 out of 3), evidence of adequate expulsion force, and evidence of incomplete evacuation.<ref name="pmid16720016"/> Recent dynamic imaging studies have shown that in persons diagnosed with anismus the [[anorectal angle]] during attempted [[defecation]] is abnormal, and this is due to abnormal (paradoxical) movement of the [[puborectalis muscle]].<ref>{{cite pmid|19681980}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid|17410575}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid|17223941}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
Initial steps to alleviate anismus include dietary adjustments and simple adjustments when attempting to defecate. Supplementation with a [[laxative#Bulk producing agent|bulking agent]] such as [[psyllium seed husk|psyllium]] 3500&nbsp;mg per day will make stool more bulky, which decreases the effort required to evacuate.<ref name="The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery" /> Similarly, exercise and adequate hydration may help to optimise [[Bristol stool chart|stool form]]. The anorectal angle has been shown to flatten out when in a squatting position, and is thus recommended for patients with functional outlet obstruction like anismus.<ref name="Altomare 51–4"/> If the patient is unable to assume a squatting postures due to mobility issues, a low stool can be used to raise the feet when sitting, which effectively achieves a similar position.<br />
<br />
Treatments for anismus include biofeedback retraining, botox injections, and surgical resection. Anismus sometimes occurs together with other conditions that limit (see [[contraindication]]) the choice of treatments. Thus, thorough evaluation is recommended prior to treatment.<ref name=PMID97080109>{{cite pmid|708010}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Biofeedback]] training for treatment of anismus is highly effective and considered the gold standard therapy by many.<ref name="pmid9797593">{{cite journal<br />
| author = Nolan T, Catto-Smith T, Coffey C, Wells J<br />
| title = Randomised controlled trial of biofeedback training in persistent encopresis with anismus<br />
| journal = Arch. Dis. Child.<br />
| volume = 79<br />
| issue = 2<br />
| pages = 131–5<br />
| year = 1998<br />
| month = August<br />
| pmid = 9797593<br />
| pmc = 1717674<br />
| doi = 10.1136/adc.79.2.131<br />
| url = http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9797593<br />
}}</ref><ref name="pmid16012938">{{cite journal<br />
| author = Chiarioni G, Salandini L, Whitehead WE<br />
| title = Biofeedback benefits only patients with outlet dysfunction, not patients with isolated slow transit constipation<br />
| journal = Gastroenterology<br />
| volume = 129<br />
| issue = 1<br />
| pages = 86–97<br />
| year = 2005<br />
| month = July<br />
| pmid = 16012938<br />
| doi = 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.05.015<br />
| url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016508505008851<br />
}}</ref><ref name="pmid17368232">{{cite journal<br />
| author = Rao SS, Seaton K, Miller M, ''et al.''<br />
| title = Randomized controlled trial of biofeedback, sham feedback, and standard therapy for dyssynergic defecation<br />
| journal = Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.<br />
| volume = 5<br />
| issue = 3<br />
| pages = 331–8<br />
| year = 2007<br />
| month = March<br />
| pmid = 17368232<br />
| doi = 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.12.023<br />
| url = <br />
}}</ref><br />
Others however, reported that biofeedback had a limited therapeutic effect.<ref name="Comparative study between surgical and non-surgical treatment of anismus in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation: a prospective randomized study." /><br />
<br />
Injections of [[botox|botulin toxin type-A]] into the [[puborectalis muscle]] are very effective in the short term, and somewhat effective in the long term.<ref>{{cite pmid|19039596}}; {{cite pmid|18719924}}</ref> Injections may be helpful when used together with biofeedback training.<ref>{{cite pmid|8831524}}</ref><ref name="Comparative study between biofeedback retraining and botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of anismus patients.">{{cite journal|last=Farid|first=M|coauthors=El Monem, HA; Omar, W; El Nakeeb, A; Fikry, A; Youssef, T; Yousef, M; Ghazy, H; Fouda, E; El Metwally, T; Khafagy, W; Ahmed, S; El Awady, S; Morshed, M; El Lithy, R|title=Comparative study between biofeedback retraining and botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of anismus patients.|journal=International journal of colorectal disease|date=2009 Jan|volume=24|issue=1|pages=115–20|pmid=18719924|doi=10.1007/s00384-008-0567-0}}</ref><br />
<br />
Historically, the standard treatment was [[Segmental resection|surgical resection]] of the puborectalis muscle, which sometimes resulted in fecal incontinence. Recently, partial resection (partial division) has been reported to be effective in some cases.<ref name="Comparative study between surgical and non-surgical treatment of anismus in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation: a prospective randomized study.">{{cite journal|last=Faried|first=M|coauthors=El Nakeeb, A; Youssef, M; Omar, W; El Monem, HA|title=Comparative study between surgical and non-surgical treatment of anismus in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation: a prospective randomized study.|journal=Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract|date=2010 Aug|volume=14|issue=8|pages=1235–43|pmid=20499203|doi=10.1007/s11605-010-1229-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid|19039596}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
*[[Defecation postures]]<br />
*[[Dystonia]]<br />
*[[Parcopresis]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{Digestive system diseases}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:GI tract disorders]]<br />
[[Category:Proctology]]<br />
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Anismus&diff=882887
Anismus
2013-06-14T16:05:27Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KD}} {{SI}} ==Overview== '''Anismus''' (or dyssynergic defecation) refers to the failure of the normal relaxation of pelvic floor muscles durin..."</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KD}}<br />
{{SI}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Anismus''' (or dyssynergic defecation) refers to the failure of the normal relaxation of [[pelvic floor]] muscles during attempted [[defecation]].<br />
Anismus can occur in both children and adults, and in both men and women (although it is more common in women). It can be caused by physical defects or it can occur for other reasons or unknown reasons. Anismus that has a behavioral cause could be viewed as having similarities with [[parcopresis]], or psychogenic fecal retention.<br />
<br />
Symptoms include [[tenesmus]] (a sensation where a mass is felt to remain in rectum after defecation) and [[constipation]]. Retention of stool may result in fecal loading (retention of a mass of stool of any consistency) or [[fecal impaction]] (retention of a mass of hard stool). This mass may stretch the walls of the rectum and colon, causing [[megarectum]] and/or [[megacolon]] respectively. Liquid stool may leak around a fecal impaction, possibly causing degrees of liquid fecal incontinence. This is usually termed [[encopresis]] or soiling in children, and [[fecal leakage]], soiling or liquid [[fecal incontinence]] in adults.<br />
<br />
Anismus is usually treated with adjustments to the diet, such as [[dietary fiber]] supplementation. It can also be treated with a type of [[biofeedback]] therapy, where a sensor probe is inserted in the patient's [[anal canal]] and records the pressures exerted by the pelvic floor muscles. These pressures are visually fed back to the patient via a monitor who is able to regain the normal coordinated movement of the muscles after a few sessions.<br />
<br />
Some researchers have suggested that anismus is an over-diagnosed condition, since the standard investigations or [[digital rectal examination]] and [[anorectal manometry]] were shown to cause paradoxical sphincter contraction in healthy controls, who did not have constipation or incontinence.<ref name="Paradoxical sphincter contraction is rarely indicative of anismus">{{cite journal|last=Voderholzer|first=W A|coauthors=Neuhaus, D A; Klauser, A G; Tzavella, K; Muller-Lissner, S A; Schindlbeck, N E|title=Paradoxical sphincter contraction is rarely indicative of anismus|journal=Gut|date=1 August 1997|volume=41|issue=2|pages=258–262|doi=10.1136/gut.41.2.258|pmid=9301508|pmc=1891465}}</ref> Due to the invasive and perhaps uncomfortable nature of these investigations, the pelvic floor musculature is thought to behave differently than under normal circumstances. These researchers went on to conclude that paradoxical pelvic floor contraction common finding in healthy controls as well as in patients with chronic constipation and stool incontinence, and it represents a non-specific finding or laboratory artifact related to untoward conditions during examination, and that true anismus is actually rare.<br />
<br />
==Historical Perspective==<br />
Paradoxical anal contraction during attempted defecation in constipated patients was first described in a paper in 1985, when the term anismus was first used.<ref name="Anismus in chronic constipation.">{{cite journal|last=Preston|first=DM|coauthors=Lennard-Jones, JE|title=Anismus in chronic constipation|journal=Digestive diseases and sciences|date=1985 May|volume=30|issue=5|pages=413–8|pmid=3987474|doi=10.1007/BF01318172}}</ref> The researchers drew analogies to a condition called [[vaginismus]], which involves paroxysmal contraction of [[pubococcygeus]] (another muscle of the pelvic floor). These researchers felt that this condition was a spastic dysfunction of the anus, analogous to ‘vaginismus’. However, the term anismus implies a psychogenic etiology, which is not true although psychological dysfunction has been described in these patients. Hence:<br />
<br />
Latin ''ani'' - "of the anus"<br><br />
Latin ''spasmus'' - "spasm"<br />
<br />
(Derived by extrapolation with the term vaginismus, which in turn is from the Latin ''vagina'' - "sheath" + ''spasmus'' - "spasm")<br />
<br />
Many terms have been used synonymously to refer to this condition, some inappropriately. The term "anismus" has been criticised as it implies a [[psychogenic disease|psychogenic]] cause.<ref name="Dyssynergic Defecation and Biofeedback Therapy">{{cite journal|last=Rao|first=Satish S.C.|title=Dyssynergic Defecation and Biofeedback Therapy|journal=Gastroenterology Clinics of North America|date=31 August 2008|volume=37|issue=3|pages=569–586|doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2008.06.011|pmid=18793997|pmc=2575098}}</ref> As stated in the Rome II criteria, the term "dyssynergic defecation" is preferred to "pelvic floor dyssynergia" because many patients with dyssynergic defecation do not report sexual or urinary symptoms,<ref name="Functional anorectal disorders.">{{cite journal|last=Bharucha|first=AE|coauthors=Wald, A; Enck, P; Rao, S|title=Functional anorectal disorders|journal=Gastroenterology|date=2006 Apr|volume=130|issue=5|pages=1510–8|pmid=16678564|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.064}}</ref> meaning that only the defecation mechanism is affected.<br />
<br />
Other synonyms include:<br />
*Dyskinetic puborectalis <ref name="The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery" /><br />
*Puborectalis syndrome <ref name=Coloproctology /><br />
*Paradoxical puborectalis <ref name="The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery" /><br />
*Nonrelaxing puborectalis <ref name="The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery" /><br />
*Paradoxal puborectal contraction <ref name="[Functional obstructed defecation syndrome].">{{cite journal|last=Kairaluoma|first=MV|title=[Functional obstructed defecation syndrome]|journal=Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja|year=2009|volume=125|issue=2|pages=221–5|pmid=19341037}}</ref><br />
*Spastic pelvic floor syndrome,<ref name="Treatment of the spastic pelvic floor syndrome with biofeedback.">{{cite journal|last=Bleijenberg|first=G|coauthors=Kuijpers, HC|title=Treatment of the spastic pelvic floor syndrome with biofeedback|journal=Diseases of the colon and rectum|date=1987 Feb|volume=30|issue=2|pages=108–11|pmid=3803114|doi=10.1007/BF02554946}}</ref><br />
*Anal sphincter dyssynergia <ref>[http://www.wdxcyber.com/ngen20.htm Help for Constipation]</ref><br />
*Paradoxical pelvic floor contraction <ref name="The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery" /><br />
==Classification==<br />
Anismus is classified as a functional defecation disorder. It is also a type of [[Bowel obstruction#Outlet obstruction|rectal outlet obstruction]] (a functional outlet obstruction). Where anismus causes constipation, it is an example of [[functional constipation]]. Some authors describe an "[[obstructed defecation syndrome]]", of which anismus is a cause.<ref name="Obstructed Defaecation Web" /><br />
<br />
The [[Rome process|Rome classification]] subdivides functional defecation disorders into 3 types,<ref name="Functional anorectal disorders." /> however the symptoms the patient experiences are identical.<ref name="Investigation of the utility of colorectal function tests and Rome II criteria in dyssynergic defecation (Anismus).">{{cite journal|last=Rao|first=SS|coauthors=Mudipalli, RS; Stessman, M; Zimmerman, B|title=Investigation of the utility of colorectal function tests and Rome II criteria in dyssynergic defecation (Anismus)|journal=Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society|date=2004 Oct|volume=16|issue=5|pages=589–96|pmid=15500515|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2982.2004.00526.x}}</ref><br />
*Type I: paradoxical paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor muscles during attempted defecation<br />
*Type II: inadequate propulsive forces during attempted defecation (inadequate defecatory propulsion)<br />
*Type III: impaired relaxation with adequate propulsion<br />
<br />
It can be seen from the above classification that many of the terms that have been used interchangeably with anismus are inappropriately specific and neglect the concept of impaired propulsion. Similarly, some of the definitions that have been offered are also too restrictive.<br />
==Etiology==<br />
[[File:Stylized depiction of action of puborectalis sling.png|547px|thumb|right|Stylized diagram showing action of the puborectalis sling, and the formation of the anorectal angle. A-puborectalis, B-rectum, C-level of anorectal ring and anorectal angle, D-anal canal, E-anal verge, F-representation of internal and external anal sphincters, G-coccyx & sacrum, H-pubic symphysis, I-Ischium, J-pubic bone.]]<br />
<br />
To understand the etiology of anismus, an understanding of normal colorectal anatomy and physiology, including the normal defecation mechanism, is helpful. The relevant anatomy includes: the [[rectum]], the [[anal canal]] and the muscles of the [[pelvic floor]], especially [[puborectalis]] and the [[Sphincter ani externus muscle|external anal sphincter]].<br />
<br />
The [[rectum]] is a section of bowel situated just above the anal canal and distal to the [[sigmoid colon]]. It is believed to act as a reservoir to store stool until it fills past a certain volume, at which time the defecation reflexes are stimulated.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Shafik|first=A|coauthors=Mostafa, RM; Shafik, I; Ei-Sibai, O; Shafik, AA|title=Functional activity of the rectum: A conduit organ or a storage organ or both?|journal=World journal of gastroenterology : WJG|date=2006-07-28|volume=12|issue=28|pages=4549–52|pmid=16874870}}</ref> In healthy individuals, defecation can be temporarily delayed until it is socially acceptable to [[defecation|defecate]]. In continent individuals, the rectum is able to expand to a degree to accommodate this function.<br />
<br />
The [[anal canal]] is the short straight section of bowel between the rectum and the [[anus]]. It can be defined functionally as the distance between the anorectal ring and the end of the [[Sphincter ani internus muscle|internal anal sphincter]]. The internal anal sphincter forms the walls of the anal canal. The [[Sphincter ani internus muscle|internal anal sphincter]] is not under voluntary control, and in normal persons it is contracted at all times except when there is a need to defecate. This means that the [[Sphincter ani internus muscle|internal anal sphincter]] contributes more to the resting tone of the anal canal than the [[Sphincter ani externus muscle|external anal sphincter]]. The internal sphincter is responsible for creating a watertight seal, and therefore provides continence of liquid stool elements.<br />
<br />
[[Puborectalis]] is one of the muscles of the pelvic floor. It is [[skeletal muscle]], meaning it is under voluntary control. The puborectalis originates on the posterior aspect of the [[pubic bone]], and runs backwards, looping around the bowel.<br />
<br />
The point at which the rectum joins the anal canal is known as the anorectal ring, which is at the level that the [[puborectalis]] muscle loops around the bowel from in front. This arrangement means that when puborectalis is contracted, it pulls the junction of the rectum and the anal canal forwards, creating an angle in the bowel called the anorectal angle. This angle prevents the movement of stool stored in the rectum moving into the anal canal. It is thought to be responsible for gross continence of solid stool. Some believe the anorectal angle is one of the most important contributors to continence.<ref name="Altomare 51–4">{{cite journal|last=Altomare|first=DF|coauthors=Rinaldi, M; Veglia, A; Guglielmi, A; Sallustio, PL; Tripoli, G|title=Contribution of posture to the maintenance of anal continence.|journal=International journal of colorectal disease|date=2001 Feb|volume=16|issue=1|pages=51–4|pmid=11317698}}</ref><br />
<br />
Conversely, relaxation of the [[puborectalis]] reduces the pull on the junction of the [[rectum]] and the [[anal canal]],<br />
causing the anorectal angle to straighten out. A [[Human defecation posture|squatting posture]] is also known to straighten the anorectal angle, meaning that less effort is required to defecate when in this position.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sikirov|first=D|title=Comparison of straining during defecation in three positions: results and implications for human health.|journal=Digestive diseases and sciences|date=2003 Jul|volume=48|issue=7|pages=1201–5|pmid=12870773}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Distension of the rectum normally causes the [[Sphincter ani internus muscle|internal anal sphincter]] to relax (Rectoanal inhibitory response, RAIR) and the [[Sphincter ani externus muscle|external anal sphincter]] initially to contract (rectoanal excitatory reflex, RAER). The relaxation of the [[Sphincter ani internus muscle|internal anal sphincter]] is an involuntary response. The [[Sphincter ani externus muscle|external anal sphincter]], by contrast, is made up of skeletal (or striated muscle) and is therefore under voluntary control. It is able to contract vigorously for a short time. Contraction of the external sphincter can defer defecation for a time by pushing stool from the anal canal back into the rectum.<br />
<br />
Once the voluntary signal to defecate is sent back from the brain, the abdominal muscles contract (straining) causing the intra-abdominal pressure to increase. the pelvic floor is lowered causing the ano rectal angle to straighten out from ~90<sup>o</sup> to <15<sup>o</sup> and the external anal sphincter relaxes. The rectum now contracts and shortens in [[peristalsis|peristaltic waves]], thus forcing fecal material out of the rectum, through the anal canal and out of the anus. The internal and external anal sphincters along with the puborectalis muscle allow the feces to be passed by pulling the anus up over the exiting feces in shortening and contracting actions.<br />
<br />
In patients with anismus, the puborectalis and the external anal sphincter muscles fail to relax, with resultant failure of the anorectal angle to straighten out and facilitate evacuation of feces from the rectum. These muscles may even contract when they should relax (paradoxical contraction), and this not only fails to straighten out the anorectal angle, but causes it to become more acute and offer greater obstruction to evacuation.<br />
<br />
As these muscles are under voluntary control, the failure of muscular relaxation or paradoxical contraction that is characteristic of anismus can be thought of as either maladaptive behavior or a loss of voluntary control of these muscles. Others claim that puborectalis can become [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] (enlarged) or [[fibrosed|fibrosis]] (replacement of muscle tissue with a more fibrous tissue), which reduces voluntary control over the muscle.<br />
<br />
Anismus could be thought of as the patient "forgetting" how to push correctly, i.e. straining against a contracted pelvic floor, instead of increasing abdominal cavity pressures and lowering pelvic cavity pressures. It may be that this scenario develops as a result of stress. For example, one study reported that animus was strongly associated with sexual abuse in women.<ref name="Anismus as a marker of sexual abuse. Consequences of abuse on anorectal motility.">{{cite journal|last=Leroi|first=AM|coauthors=Berkelmans, I; Denis, P; Hémond, M; Devroede, G|title=Anismus as a marker of sexual abuse. Consequences of abuse on anorectal motility.|journal=Digestive diseases and sciences|date=1995 Jul|volume=40|issue=7|pages=1411–6|pmid=7628260}}</ref> One paper stated that events such as pregnancy, childbirth, gynaecological descent or neurogenic disturbances of the brain-bowel axis could lead to a "functional [[obstructed defecation syndrome]]" (including anismus).<ref name="[Functional obstructed defecation syndrome].">{{cite journal|last=Kairaluoma|first=MV|title=[Functional obstructed defecation syndrome].|journal=Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja|year=2009|volume=125|issue=2|pages=221–5|pmid=19341037}}</ref> Anismus may develop in persons with [[extrapyramidal motor disturbance]] due to [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref>{{cite pmid|17131231}}</ref> This represents a type of [[focal dystonia]].<ref>{{cite pmid|3221217}}</ref> Anismus may also occur with [[anorectal malformation]], [[rectocele]],<ref>{{cite pmid|12501052}}</ref> [[rectal prolapse]]<ref name=PMID9708010>{{cite pmid|9708010}}</ref> and [[rectal ulcer]].<ref name=PMID9708010/><br />
<br />
In many cases however, the underlying pathophysiology in patients presenting with obstructed defecation cannot be determined.<ref name="Obstructed defecation: current status of pathophysiology and management.">{{cite journal|last=Lubowski|first=DZ|coauthors=King, DW|title=Obstructed defecation: current status of pathophysiology and management.|journal=The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery|date=1995 Feb|volume=65|issue=2|pages=87–92|pmid=7857236}}</ref><br />
<br />
Some authors have commented that the "puborectalis paradox" and "spastic pelvic floor" concepts have no objective data to support their validity. They state that "new evidence showing that defecation is an integrated process of colonic and rectal emptying suggests that anismus may be much more complex than a simple disorder of the pelvic floor muscles." <ref name="Obstructed defecation: current status of pathophysiology and management.">{{cite journal|last=Lubowski|first=DZ|coauthors=King, DW|title=Obstructed defecation: current status of pathophysiology and management.|journal=The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery|date=1995 Feb|volume=65|issue=2|pages=87–92|pmid=7857236}}</ref><br />
==Natural History, Complications and Porgnosis==<br />
Persistent failure to fully evacuate stool may lead to retention of a mass of stool in the rectum (fecal loading), which can become hardened, forming a [[fecal impaction]] or even [[fecolith]]s.<br />
<br />
Liquid stool elements may leak around the retained fecal mass, which may lead to paradoxical diarrhoea and/or fecal leakage (usually known as [[encopresis]] in children and [[fecal leakage]] in adults).<ref name="Clinical significance of anismus in encopresis.">{{cite journal|last=Catto-Smith|first=AG|coauthors=Nolan, TM; Coffey, CM|title=Clinical significance of anismus in encopresis|journal=Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology|date=1998 Sep|volume=13|issue=9|pages=955–60|pmid=9794197|doi=10.1111/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00768.x}}</ref><ref name="Fecal seepage and soiling: a problem of rectal sensation.">{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=BA|coauthors=Timmcke, AE; Gathright JB, Jr; Hicks, TC; Opelka, FG; Beck, DE|title=Fecal seepage and soiling: a problem of rectal sensation.|journal=Diseases of the colon and rectum|date=1995 Jul|volume=38|issue=7|pages=746–8|pmid=7607037}}</ref><ref name="Investigation of the pathophysiology of fecal seepage.">{{cite journal|last=Rao|first=SS|coauthors=Ozturk, R; Stessman, M|title=Investigation of the pathophysiology of fecal seepage.|journal=The American journal of gastroenterology|date=2004 Nov|volume=99|issue=11|pages=2204–9|pmid=15555003|doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40387.x}}</ref><ref name="Conservative treatment of patients with faecal soiling.">{{cite journal|last=van der Hagen|first=SJ|coauthors=Soeters, PB; Baeten, CG; van Gemert, WG|title=Conservative treatment of patients with faecal soiling.|journal=Techniques in coloproctology|date=2011 Sep|volume=15|issue=3|pages=291–5|pmid=21720889|doi=10.1007/s10151-011-0709-1|pmc=3155048}}</ref><br />
<br />
When anismus occurs in the context of intractable [[encopresis]] (as it often does), resolution of anismus may be insufficient to resolve encopresis.<ref name="pmid9797593"/> For this reason, and because biofeedback training is invasive, expensive, and labor intensive, biofeedback training is not recommended for treatment of encopresis with anismus.<br />
<br />
The walls of the rectum may become stretched, known as [[megarectum]].<ref name="[Megarectum and anismus: a cause of constipation].">{{cite journal|last=Real Martínez|first=Y|coauthors=Ibáñez Moya, M; Pérez Mota, A|title=[Megarectum and anismus: a cause of constipation]|journal=Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas : organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Patologia Digestiva|date=2007 Jun|volume=99|issue=6|pages=352–3|pmid=17883300}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
===Definition===<br />
Several definitions have been offered:<br />
<br />
*"Absence of normal relaxation of pelvic floor muscles during defecation, resulting in rectal outlet obstruction".<ref name="The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery">{{cite book|last=al.]|first=senior editors, Bruce G. Wolff ... [et|title=The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery|year=2007|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=0-387-24846-3}}</ref><br />
*"Malfunction (a [[focal dystonia]]) of the [[external anal sphincter]] and [[puborectalis muscle]] during [[defecation]]".<br />
*"[...] failure of [the [[external anal sphincter]] and [[puborectalis]]] muscle[s] to relax, resulting in maintenance of the anorectal angle and the difficulty with initiating and completing bowel movements".<ref name=Coloproctology>{{cite book|last=Wexner|first=edited by Andrew P. Zbar, Steven D.|title=Coloproctology|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-84882-755-4}}</ref><br />
*"[...] failure of relaxation (or paradoxic contraction) of the puborectalis muscle sling during defaecation, attempted defaecation or straining."<ref name="Obstructed Defaecation Web">{{cite web|last=Marzouk|first=Deya|title=Obstructed Defaecation Web|url=http://www.obstructed-defaecation.com/Anismus.html|accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
===History and Symptoms===<br />
Symptoms include:<br />
*Straining to pass fecal material <ref name="Complex anorectal disorders">{{cite book|last=Phillips|first=[edited by] Steven D. Wexner, Andrew P. Zbar, Mario Pescatori ; with a foreword by Robin|title=Complex anorectal disorders investigation and management|year=2005|publisher=Springer|location=London|isbn=1852336900}}</ref><br />
*[[Tenesmus]] (a feeling of incomplete evacuation) <ref name="Complex anorectal disorders" /><br />
*Feeling of anorectal obstruction/blockage <ref name="Complex anorectal disorders" /><br />
*Digital maneuvers needed to aid defecation <ref name="Complex anorectal disorders" /><br />
*Difficulty initiating and completing bowel movements<ref name=Coloproctology /><br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
The Rome classification diagnostic criteria for functional defecation disorders is as follows:<ref name="Functional anorectal disorders." /><br />
<br />
#Patient must satisfy diagnostic criteria for '''[[functional constipation]]'''<br />
#During repeated attempts to defecate must have '''at least 2''' of the following:<br />
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><br />
:<li>Evidence of impaired evacuation, based on balloon expulsion test or imaging</li><br />
:<li>Inappropriate contraction of the pelvic floor muscles (ie, anal sphincter or puborectalis) or less than 20% relaxation of basal resting sphincter pressure by manometry, imaging, or electromyography</li><br />
:<li>Inadequate propulsive forces assessed by manometry or imaging</li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
The diagnostic criteria for dyssynergic defecation is given as "inappropriate contraction of the pelvic floor<br />
or less than 20% relaxation of basal resting sphincter pressure with adequate propulsive forces during attempted defecation." <ref name="Functional anorectal disorders." /><br />
<br />
The diagnostic criteria for inadequate defecatory Propulsion is given as "inadequate propulsive forces with or without inappropriate contraction or less than 20% relaxation of the anal sphincter during attempted defecation." <ref name="Functional anorectal disorders." /><br />
<br />
The Rome criteria recommend that anorectal testing is not usually indicated in patients with symptoms of until patients have failed conservative<br />
treatment (e.g., increased dietary fiber and liquids; elimination<br />
of medications with constipating side effects<br />
whenever possible).<br />
<br />
Various investigations have been recommended in the diagnosis of anisumus.<br />
<br />
===Digital rectal examination===<br />
{{main|digital rectal examination}}<br />
Physical examination can rule out anismus (by identifying another cause) but is not sufficient to diagnose anismus.<br />
<br />
===Anorectal manometry===<br />
<br />
===Evacuation proctography===<br />
[[defecating proctogram]]), and [[MRI defecography]]<br />
<br />
===Balloon expulsion test===<br />
<br />
===Rectal cooling test===<br />
The rectal cooling test is suggested to differentiate between rectal inertia and impaired relaxation/paradoxical contraction <ref name="Rectal cooling test in the differentiation between constipation due to rectal inertia and anismus.">{{cite journal|last=Shafik|first=A|coauthors=Shafik, I; El Sibai, O; Shafik, AA|title=Rectal cooling test in the differentiation between constipation due to rectal inertia and anismus|journal=Techniques in coloproctology|date=2007 Mar|volume=11|issue=1|pages=39–43|pmid=17357865|doi=10.1007/s10151-007-0323-4}}</ref><br />
<br />
Other techniques include [[manometry]], [[balloon expulsion test]], [[evacuation proctography]] (see [[defecating proctogram]]), and [[MRI defecography]].<ref name="pmid16720016">{{cite journal<br />
| author = Berman L, Aversa J, Abir F, Longo WE<br />
| title = Management of disorders of the posterior pelvic floor<br />
| journal = Yale J Biol Med<br />
| volume = 78<br />
| issue = 4<br />
| pages = 211–21<br />
| year = 2005<br />
| month = July<br />
| pmid = 16720016<br />
| pmc = 2259151<br />
| doi =<br />
| url = http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/nlm?genre=article&issn=0044-0086&volume=78&issue=4&spage=211&aulast=Berman<br />
}}</ref> Diagnostic criteria are: fulfillment of criteria for [[functional constipation]], manometric and/or EMG and/or radiological evidence (2 out of 3), evidence of adequate expulsion force, and evidence of incomplete evacuation.<ref name="pmid16720016"/> Recent dynamic imaging studies have shown that in persons diagnosed with anismus the [[anorectal angle]] during attempted [[defecation]] is abnormal, and this is due to abnormal (paradoxical) movement of the [[puborectalis muscle]].<ref>{{cite pmid|19681980}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid|17410575}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid|17223941}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
Initial steps to alleviate anismus include dietary adjustments and simple adjustments when attempting to defecate. Supplementation with a [[laxative#Bulk producing agent|bulking agent]] such as [[psyllium seed husk|psyllium]] 3500&nbsp;mg per day will make stool more bulky, which decreases the effort required to evacuate.<ref name="The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery" /> Similarly, exercise and adequate hydration may help to optimise [[Bristol stool chart|stool form]]. The anorectal angle has been shown to flatten out when in a squatting position, and is thus recommended for patients with functional outlet obstruction like anismus.<ref name="Altomare 51–4"/> If the patient is unable to assume a squatting postures due to mobility issues, a low stool can be used to raise the feet when sitting, which effectively achieves a similar position.<br />
<br />
Treatments for anismus include biofeedback retraining, botox injections, and surgical resection. Anismus sometimes occurs together with other conditions that limit (see [[contraindication]]) the choice of treatments. Thus, thorough evaluation is recommended prior to treatment.<ref name=PMID97080109>{{cite pmid|708010}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Biofeedback]] training for treatment of anismus is highly effective and considered the gold standard therapy by many.<ref name="pmid9797593">{{cite journal<br />
| author = Nolan T, Catto-Smith T, Coffey C, Wells J<br />
| title = Randomised controlled trial of biofeedback training in persistent encopresis with anismus<br />
| journal = Arch. Dis. Child.<br />
| volume = 79<br />
| issue = 2<br />
| pages = 131–5<br />
| year = 1998<br />
| month = August<br />
| pmid = 9797593<br />
| pmc = 1717674<br />
| doi = 10.1136/adc.79.2.131<br />
| url = http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9797593<br />
}}</ref><ref name="pmid16012938">{{cite journal<br />
| author = Chiarioni G, Salandini L, Whitehead WE<br />
| title = Biofeedback benefits only patients with outlet dysfunction, not patients with isolated slow transit constipation<br />
| journal = Gastroenterology<br />
| volume = 129<br />
| issue = 1<br />
| pages = 86–97<br />
| year = 2005<br />
| month = July<br />
| pmid = 16012938<br />
| doi = 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.05.015<br />
| url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016508505008851<br />
}}</ref><ref name="pmid17368232">{{cite journal<br />
| author = Rao SS, Seaton K, Miller M, ''et al.''<br />
| title = Randomized controlled trial of biofeedback, sham feedback, and standard therapy for dyssynergic defecation<br />
| journal = Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.<br />
| volume = 5<br />
| issue = 3<br />
| pages = 331–8<br />
| year = 2007<br />
| month = March<br />
| pmid = 17368232<br />
| doi = 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.12.023<br />
| url = <br />
}}</ref><br />
Others however, reported that biofeedback had a limited therapeutic effect.<ref name="Comparative study between surgical and non-surgical treatment of anismus in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation: a prospective randomized study." /><br />
<br />
Injections of [[botox|botulin toxin type-A]] into the [[puborectalis muscle]] are very effective in the short term, and somewhat effective in the long term.<ref>{{cite pmid|19039596}}; {{cite pmid|18719924}}</ref> Injections may be helpful when used together with biofeedback training.<ref>{{cite pmid|8831524}}</ref><ref name="Comparative study between biofeedback retraining and botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of anismus patients.">{{cite journal|last=Farid|first=M|coauthors=El Monem, HA; Omar, W; El Nakeeb, A; Fikry, A; Youssef, T; Yousef, M; Ghazy, H; Fouda, E; El Metwally, T; Khafagy, W; Ahmed, S; El Awady, S; Morshed, M; El Lithy, R|title=Comparative study between biofeedback retraining and botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of anismus patients.|journal=International journal of colorectal disease|date=2009 Jan|volume=24|issue=1|pages=115–20|pmid=18719924|doi=10.1007/s00384-008-0567-0}}</ref><br />
<br />
Historically, the standard treatment was [[Segmental resection|surgical resection]] of the puborectalis muscle, which sometimes resulted in fecal incontinence. Recently, partial resection (partial division) has been reported to be effective in some cases.<ref name="Comparative study between surgical and non-surgical treatment of anismus in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation: a prospective randomized study.">{{cite journal|last=Faried|first=M|coauthors=El Nakeeb, A; Youssef, M; Omar, W; El Monem, HA|title=Comparative study between surgical and non-surgical treatment of anismus in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation: a prospective randomized study.|journal=Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract|date=2010 Aug|volume=14|issue=8|pages=1235–43|pmid=20499203|doi=10.1007/s11605-010-1229-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid|19039596}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
*[[Defecation postures]]<br />
*[[Dystonia]]<br />
*[[Parcopresis]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{Digestive system diseases}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:GI tract disorders]]<br />
[[Category:Proctology]]<br />
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Multifocal_fibrosclerosis&diff=882883
Multifocal fibrosclerosis
2013-06-14T15:58:37Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KD}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Multifocal fibrosclerosis''' and '''idiopathic fibrosclerosis''' are disorders of unknown aetiology, characterised by fibrous [[lesion]]s (co-)occurring at a variety of sites. Known manifestations include [[retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[mediastinal fibrosis]] and [[Riedel's struma]] of the [[thyroid]].<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Idiopathic diseases]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Multifocal_fibrosclerosis&diff=882882
Multifocal fibrosclerosis
2013-06-14T15:57:57Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{SI}} {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KD}} ==Overview== '''Multifocal fibrosclerosis''' and '''idiopathic fibrosclerosis''' are disorders of unknown aetiology, characterised by f..."</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KD}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Multifocal fibrosclerosis''' and '''idiopathic fibrosclerosis''' are disorders of unknown aetiology, characterised by fibrous [[lesion]]s (co-)occurring at a variety of sites. Known manifestations include [[retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[mediastinal fibrosis]] and [[Riedel's struma]] of the [[thyroid]].<ref>{{cite pmid|4045855}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid|11036878}}</ref><br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Idiopathic diseases]]<br />
<br />
{{disease-stub}}</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882881
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T15:49:44Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia Infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], [[ Back strain]], [[Fractures]], [[Ligament strain]], [[Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], [[Breakdance back syndrome]], [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882879
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T15:47:07Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia Infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], [[ Back strain]], [[Fractures]], [[Ligament strain]], [[Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], [[Breakdance back syndrome]], [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Intervertebral_disc_herniation&diff=882876
Intervertebral disc herniation
2013-06-14T15:35:00Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: #REDIRECT</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Spinal disc herniation]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Tethered_cord_syndrome&diff=882875
Tethered cord syndrome
2013-06-14T15:32:13Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: #REDIRECT</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Tethered spinal cord syndrome]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Pyelonephritis,_acute&diff=882874
Pyelonephritis, acute
2013-06-14T15:28:59Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: #REDIRECT</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Pyelonephritis]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Enteropathic_arthropathy&diff=882872
Enteropathic arthropathy
2013-06-14T15:26:23Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{KD}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Enteropathic arthropathy''' or arthritis refers to acute or subacute arthritis in association with or as a reaction to an enteric (usually colonic) inflammatory condition.<br />
==Pathophysiology==<br />
Causes/Associations:<br />
* [[Reactive arthritis]] (Reactive to enteric infection)<br />
* Spondyloarthropathies associated with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis)<br />
* Malabsorption related: Intestinal bypass (jejunoileal), Celiac disease, Whipple disease<br />
* Collagenous colitis<br />
<br />
Note that reactive arthritis can also occur secondary to urethral infection. In that case the term enteropathic arthropathy would not be used.<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Infectious arthropathies]]<br />
[[Category:Inflammatory polyarthropathies]]<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Enteropathic_arthropathy&diff=882871
Enteropathic arthropathy
2013-06-14T15:26:05Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{SI}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{KD}} ==Overview== '''Enteropathic arthropathy''' or arthritis refers to acute or subacute arthritis in association with or as a reaction to a..."</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{KD}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Enteropathic arthropathy''' or arthritis refers to acute or subacute arthritis in association with or as a reaction to an enteric (usually colonic) inflammatory condition.<br />
==Pathophysiology==<br />
Causes/Associations:<br />
* [[Reactive arthritis]] (Reactive to enteric infection)<br />
* Spondyloarthropathies associated with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis)<br />
* Malabsorption related: Intestinal bypass (jejunoileal), Celiac disease, Whipple disease<br />
* Collagenous colitis<br />
<br />
Note that reactive arthritis can also occur secondary to urethral infection. In that case the term enteropathic arthropathy would not be used.<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Infectious arthropathies]]<br />
[[Category:Inflammatory polyarthropathies]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cobb_syndrome&diff=882868
Cobb syndrome
2013-06-14T15:21:19Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Related Chapters */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KD}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Cobb syndrome''' is a rare [[congenital]] disorder characterized by visible skin lesions with underlying spinal [[angioma]]s or [[arteriovenous malformation]]s (AVMs).<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages= |isbn=1-4160-2999-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> The skin lesions of Cobb syndrome typically are present as [[port wine stain]]s or angiomas, but reports exist of [[angiokeratoma]]s,<ref>Clinton TS, Cooke LM, Graham BS. ''Cobb syndrome associated with a verrucous (angiokeratomalike) vascular malformation.'' Cutis. Apr 2003;71(4):283-7.</ref> [[angiolipoma]]s, and [[lymphangioma circumscriptum]].<ref>Shim JH, Lee DW, Cho BK. ''A case of Cobb syndrome associated with lymphangioma circumscriptum.'' Dermatology. 1996;193(1):45-7.</ref> The intraspinal lesions may be angiomas or AVMs and occur at levels of the [[spinal cord]] corresponding to the affected skin [[dermatome]]s. They may in turn produce spinal cord dysfunction and weakness or paralysis.<br />
==Historical Perspective==<br />
The disorder was first described by Berenbruch in 1890, but became widely known only after Cobb's report in 1915.<ref>Cobb S. ''Haemangioma of the spinal cord associated with skin naevi of the same metamere.'' Annals Surgery. 1915;62:641-9.</ref> Cobb syndrome is thought to be more common in males and have no racial prediliction, but only a few dozen cases are known. It is believed to be due to a sporadic mutation, since parents of affected children usually have no evidence of the disease.<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
===History and Symptoms===<br />
The disease is present at birth, but clinical manifestations are often not seen until later in life. Patients typically experience the sudden onset of pain, numbness, or weakness in their extremities as children or young adults. These symptoms may remit or remain stable and often can be localized below a specific dermatome. Symptoms tend to worsen over time either by discrete steps or continuously. Early development of weakness may portend a more aggressive course. Less commonly, weakness or bowel and bladder dysfunction may be presenting symptoms.<br />
<br />
The major debility from Cobb syndrome is the onset of weakness, paresis, sensory loss, and loss of bowel and bladder control. A possible complication if treatment is delayed is [[Foix-Alajouanine disease]]<ref>Wirth FP, Post KD, Di Chiro G. ''Foix-Alajouanine disease. Spontaneous thrombosis of a spinal cord arteriovenous malformation: a case report.'' Neurology. 1970;20:1114-18.</ref> or subacute necrotic myelopathy due to thrombosis in the spinal angioma.<br />
===Physical Examination===<br />
Cutaneous lesions may be distributed anywhere in the dermatome, from midline back to abdomen. Midline back lesions may be associated with [[spina bifida]]. The cutaneous lesion may be very faint and may be more pronounced when the patient performs a [[Valsalva maneuver]] which increases abdominal pressure and causes preferential filling of the cutaneous angioma. Neurological examination will reveal weakness or paralysis and numbness or decreased sensation with a sharp upper cutoff.<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
* [[Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cobb_syndrome&diff=882867
Cobb syndrome
2013-06-14T15:21:04Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* History and Symptoms */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KD}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Cobb syndrome''' is a rare [[congenital]] disorder characterized by visible skin lesions with underlying spinal [[angioma]]s or [[arteriovenous malformation]]s (AVMs).<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages= |isbn=1-4160-2999-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> The skin lesions of Cobb syndrome typically are present as [[port wine stain]]s or angiomas, but reports exist of [[angiokeratoma]]s,<ref>Clinton TS, Cooke LM, Graham BS. ''Cobb syndrome associated with a verrucous (angiokeratomalike) vascular malformation.'' Cutis. Apr 2003;71(4):283-7.</ref> [[angiolipoma]]s, and [[lymphangioma circumscriptum]].<ref>Shim JH, Lee DW, Cho BK. ''A case of Cobb syndrome associated with lymphangioma circumscriptum.'' Dermatology. 1996;193(1):45-7.</ref> The intraspinal lesions may be angiomas or AVMs and occur at levels of the [[spinal cord]] corresponding to the affected skin [[dermatome]]s. They may in turn produce spinal cord dysfunction and weakness or paralysis.<br />
==Historical Perspective==<br />
The disorder was first described by Berenbruch in 1890, but became widely known only after Cobb's report in 1915.<ref>Cobb S. ''Haemangioma of the spinal cord associated with skin naevi of the same metamere.'' Annals Surgery. 1915;62:641-9.</ref> Cobb syndrome is thought to be more common in males and have no racial prediliction, but only a few dozen cases are known. It is believed to be due to a sporadic mutation, since parents of affected children usually have no evidence of the disease.<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
===History and Symptoms===<br />
The disease is present at birth, but clinical manifestations are often not seen until later in life. Patients typically experience the sudden onset of pain, numbness, or weakness in their extremities as children or young adults. These symptoms may remit or remain stable and often can be localized below a specific dermatome. Symptoms tend to worsen over time either by discrete steps or continuously. Early development of weakness may portend a more aggressive course. Less commonly, weakness or bowel and bladder dysfunction may be presenting symptoms.<br />
<br />
The major debility from Cobb syndrome is the onset of weakness, paresis, sensory loss, and loss of bowel and bladder control. A possible complication if treatment is delayed is [[Foix-Alajouanine disease]]<ref>Wirth FP, Post KD, Di Chiro G. ''Foix-Alajouanine disease. Spontaneous thrombosis of a spinal cord arteriovenous malformation: a case report.'' Neurology. 1970;20:1114-18.</ref> or subacute necrotic myelopathy due to thrombosis in the spinal angioma.<br />
===Physical Examination===<br />
Cutaneous lesions may be distributed anywhere in the dermatome, from midline back to abdomen. Midline back lesions may be associated with [[spina bifida]]. The cutaneous lesion may be very faint and may be more pronounced when the patient performs a [[Valsalva maneuver]] which increases abdominal pressure and causes preferential filling of the cutaneous angioma. Neurological examination will reveal weakness or paralysis and numbness or decreased sensation with a sharp upper cutoff.<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
* [[Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome]]<br />
* [[List of cutaneous conditions]]<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cobb_syndrome&diff=882866
Cobb syndrome
2013-06-14T15:20:52Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KD}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Cobb syndrome''' is a rare [[congenital]] disorder characterized by visible skin lesions with underlying spinal [[angioma]]s or [[arteriovenous malformation]]s (AVMs).<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages= |isbn=1-4160-2999-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> The skin lesions of Cobb syndrome typically are present as [[port wine stain]]s or angiomas, but reports exist of [[angiokeratoma]]s,<ref>Clinton TS, Cooke LM, Graham BS. ''Cobb syndrome associated with a verrucous (angiokeratomalike) vascular malformation.'' Cutis. Apr 2003;71(4):283-7.</ref> [[angiolipoma]]s, and [[lymphangioma circumscriptum]].<ref>Shim JH, Lee DW, Cho BK. ''A case of Cobb syndrome associated with lymphangioma circumscriptum.'' Dermatology. 1996;193(1):45-7.</ref> The intraspinal lesions may be angiomas or AVMs and occur at levels of the [[spinal cord]] corresponding to the affected skin [[dermatome]]s. They may in turn produce spinal cord dysfunction and weakness or paralysis.<br />
==Historical Perspective==<br />
The disorder was first described by Berenbruch in 1890, but became widely known only after Cobb's report in 1915.<ref>Cobb S. ''Haemangioma of the spinal cord associated with skin naevi of the same metamere.'' Annals Surgery. 1915;62:641-9.</ref> Cobb syndrome is thought to be more common in males and have no racial prediliction, but only a few dozen cases are known. It is believed to be due to a sporadic mutation, since parents of affected children usually have no evidence of the disease.<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
==History and Symptoms==<br />
The disease is present at birth, but clinical manifestations are often not seen until later in life. Patients typically experience the sudden onset of pain, numbness, or weakness in their extremities as children or young adults. These symptoms may remit or remain stable and often can be localized below a specific dermatome. Symptoms tend to worsen over time either by discrete steps or continuously. Early development of weakness may portend a more aggressive course. Less commonly, weakness or bowel and bladder dysfunction may be presenting symptoms.<br />
<br />
The major debility from Cobb syndrome is the onset of weakness, paresis, sensory loss, and loss of bowel and bladder control. A possible complication if treatment is delayed is [[Foix-Alajouanine disease]]<ref>Wirth FP, Post KD, Di Chiro G. ''Foix-Alajouanine disease. Spontaneous thrombosis of a spinal cord arteriovenous malformation: a case report.'' Neurology. 1970;20:1114-18.</ref> or subacute necrotic myelopathy due to thrombosis in the spinal angioma.<br />
===Physical Examination===<br />
Cutaneous lesions may be distributed anywhere in the dermatome, from midline back to abdomen. Midline back lesions may be associated with [[spina bifida]]. The cutaneous lesion may be very faint and may be more pronounced when the patient performs a [[Valsalva maneuver]] which increases abdominal pressure and causes preferential filling of the cutaneous angioma. Neurological examination will reveal weakness or paralysis and numbness or decreased sensation with a sharp upper cutoff.<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
* [[Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome]]<br />
* [[List of cutaneous conditions]]<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cobb_syndrome&diff=882865
Cobb syndrome
2013-06-14T15:20:25Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{SI}} {{CMG}} ==0verview== '''Cobb syndrome''' is a rare congenital disorder characterized by visible skin lesions with underlying spinal angiomas or [[arte..."</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==0verview==<br />
'''Cobb syndrome''' is a rare [[congenital]] disorder characterized by visible skin lesions with underlying spinal [[angioma]]s or [[arteriovenous malformation]]s (AVMs).<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages= |isbn=1-4160-2999-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> The skin lesions of Cobb syndrome typically are present as [[port wine stain]]s or angiomas, but reports exist of [[angiokeratoma]]s,<ref>Clinton TS, Cooke LM, Graham BS. ''Cobb syndrome associated with a verrucous (angiokeratomalike) vascular malformation.'' Cutis. Apr 2003;71(4):283-7.</ref> [[angiolipoma]]s, and [[lymphangioma circumscriptum]].<ref>Shim JH, Lee DW, Cho BK. ''A case of Cobb syndrome associated with lymphangioma circumscriptum.'' Dermatology. 1996;193(1):45-7.</ref> The intraspinal lesions may be angiomas or AVMs and occur at levels of the [[spinal cord]] corresponding to the affected skin [[dermatome]]s. They may in turn produce spinal cord dysfunction and weakness or paralysis.<br />
==Historical Perspective==<br />
The disorder was first described by Berenbruch in 1890, but became widely known only after Cobb's report in 1915.<ref>Cobb S. ''Haemangioma of the spinal cord associated with skin naevi of the same metamere.'' Annals Surgery. 1915;62:641-9.</ref> Cobb syndrome is thought to be more common in males and have no racial prediliction, but only a few dozen cases are known. It is believed to be due to a sporadic mutation, since parents of affected children usually have no evidence of the disease.<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
==History and Symptoms==<br />
The disease is present at birth, but clinical manifestations are often not seen until later in life. Patients typically experience the sudden onset of pain, numbness, or weakness in their extremities as children or young adults. These symptoms may remit or remain stable and often can be localized below a specific dermatome. Symptoms tend to worsen over time either by discrete steps or continuously. Early development of weakness may portend a more aggressive course. Less commonly, weakness or bowel and bladder dysfunction may be presenting symptoms.<br />
<br />
The major debility from Cobb syndrome is the onset of weakness, paresis, sensory loss, and loss of bowel and bladder control. A possible complication if treatment is delayed is [[Foix-Alajouanine disease]]<ref>Wirth FP, Post KD, Di Chiro G. ''Foix-Alajouanine disease. Spontaneous thrombosis of a spinal cord arteriovenous malformation: a case report.'' Neurology. 1970;20:1114-18.</ref> or subacute necrotic myelopathy due to thrombosis in the spinal angioma.<br />
===Physical Examination===<br />
Cutaneous lesions may be distributed anywhere in the dermatome, from midline back to abdomen. Midline back lesions may be associated with [[spina bifida]]. The cutaneous lesion may be very faint and may be more pronounced when the patient performs a [[Valsalva maneuver]] which increases abdominal pressure and causes preferential filling of the cutaneous angioma. Neurological examination will reveal weakness or paralysis and numbness or decreased sensation with a sharp upper cutoff.<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
* [[Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome]]<br />
* [[List of cutaneous conditions]]<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Low_back_pain_causes&diff=882859
Low back pain causes
2013-06-14T15:13:42Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Low back pain}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
* Mechanical:<br />
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis<br />
** Facet arthropathy<br />
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis<br />
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]<br />
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]<br />
** [[Spinal disc herniation]] (slipped disc)<br />
** [[Spinal stenosis]]<br />
** [[Spondylolisthesis]] and other congenital abnormalities<br />
** Fractures<br />
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains<br />
** Leg length difference<br />
** Restricted hip motion<br />
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion <br />
* Inflammatory:<br />
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])<br />
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
** Infection - epidural abscess or osteomyelitis<br />
* [[Neoplastic]]:<br />
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])<br />
** Intradural spinal tumors<br />
* [[Metabolic]]:<br />
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures<br />
** [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
** [[Ochronosis]]<br />
** [[Chondrocalcinosis]]<br />
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]<br />
* [[Referred pain]]:<br />
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease<br />
** Posture<br />
* Soft Tissue:<br />
** [[Ligament]] strain<br />
** [[Muscle spasm]]<br />
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]<br />
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]<br />
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]<br />
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]<br />
* Oxygen deprivation<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthritis]]<br />
, [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydial Infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[ Prostatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]<br />
[[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]]<br />
[[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], [[Disc disorder]], [[Slipped disc]], [[Vertebral dysfunction]], [[Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Facet arthropathy]]<br />
[[Juvenile osteoporosis]], [[Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion]], [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]], [[Epidural abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Glycogen storage disease type 2]], [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma], Metastatic neoplasm, [[Intradural spinal tumors]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Seronegative spondylarthritides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], [[ Back strain]], [[Fractures]], [[Ligament strain]], [[Whiplash Injuries]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], [[Breakdance back syndrome]], [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Sympathetic pain syndromes]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
[[Category:Disability]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Orthopedics]]<br />
[[Category:Rheumatology]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Anorexia_(symptom)&diff=882715
Anorexia (symptom)
2013-06-13T15:50:02Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}<br />
<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk. <br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
* Postprandial anorexia<br />
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
* Severe [[clinical depression|depression]]<br />
* [[Cancer]]<br />
* [[Dementia]]<br />
* [[AIDS]]<br />
* [[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
* Drugs<br />
**[[Stimulants]]<br />
**[[Narcotics]]<br />
* Environmentally induced disorders such as<br />
**[[Altitude sickness]]<br />
* [[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
* Congestion of the [[liver]] with [[venous blood]].<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congestive heart failure]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Retinoid]], [[Theobromine]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aciclovir]], [[Amphetamine ]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Benzodiazepine]], [[Benzylpiperazine]], [[Calcitriol]], [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Dextromethamphetamine]], [[Dextromethylphenidate]], [[Diacetylmorphine]], [[Enfuvirtide]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Gold salts]], [[Hydralazine]], [[Ketorolac]], [[Leptoprin]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Modafinil]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Pipradrol]], [[Pyrazinamide]], [[St John's wort]], [[Stimulants]], [[Theobromine]], [[Valaciclovir]], [[Ziconotide]], [[Zopiclone]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia Nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Carotenodermia]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Appendicitis]], [[Binge eating]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Hymenolepiasis]], [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[Milk-alkali syndrome]], [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[Astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Cryptosporidium parvum]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Rhinovirus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Dementia]], [[Encephalitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Gold salts]] , [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Vitamin A]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Borderline personality disorder]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Clinical depression]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Dementia]], [[Depression]], [[Hangover]], [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[Opioid dependency]], [[Orthorexia nervosa]], [[Panic disorder]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Pneumonia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hangover]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[AIDS]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[High altitude]], Sickness behavior<ref name="pmid9468766">{{cite journal| author=Exton MS| title=Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy. | journal=Appetite | year= 1997 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-83 | pmid=9468766 | doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9468766 }} </ref><ref name="pmid283688">{{cite journal| author=Murray MJ, Murray AB| title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1979 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 593-6 | pmid=283688 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=283688 }} </ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[Aciclovir]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Amphotericin B]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Appendicitis]]<br />
*[[Astroviridae]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Benzylpiperazine]]<br />
*[[Binge eating]]<br />
*[[Borderline personality disorder]]<br />
*[[Bulimia]]<br />
*[[Calcitriol]]<br />
*[[Carotenodermia]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Chromotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
*[[Chronic mountain sickness]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Clinical depression]]<br />
*[[Cocaine]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Craniopharyngioma]]<br />
*[[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]<br />
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]<br />
*[[Defensive vomiting]]<br />
*[[Dementia]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Dextromethamphetamine ]]<br />
*[[Dextromethylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]<br />
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]<br />
*[[Encephalitis]]<br />
*[[Enfuvirtide]]<br />
*[[Fluconazole]]<br />
*[[Gold salts]]<br />
*[[Hangover]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis E]]<br />
*[[High altitude]]<br />
*[[Hydralazine]]<br />
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]<br />
*[[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]<br />
*[[Ketorolac]]<br />
*[[Lábrea fever]]<br />
*[[Leptoprin]]<br />
*[[Marbofloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mastoiditis]]<br />
*[[Medical cannabis]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mirtazapine]]<br />
*[[Modafinil]]<br />
*[[Moxifloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mumps]]<br />
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]<br />
*[[Opioid dependency]]<br />
*[[Oropouche fever]]<br />
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Panic disorder]]<br />
*[[Pipradrol]]<br />
*[[Pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Pott's disease]]<br />
*[[Pyrazinamide]]<br />
*[[Relapsing fever]]<br />
*[[Retinoid]]<br />
*[[Rhinovirus]]<br />
* Sickness behavior<ref name="pmid9468766">{{cite journal| author=Exton MS| title=Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy. | journal=Appetite | year= 1997 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-83 | pmid=9468766 | doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9468766 }} </ref><ref name="pmid283688">{{cite journal| author=Murray MJ, Murray AB| title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1979 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 593-6 | pmid=283688 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=283688 }} </ref><br />
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
*[[St John's wort]]<br />
*[[Stimulants]]<br />
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]<br />
*[[Theobromine]]<br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
*[[Valaciclovir]]<br />
*[[Vitamin A]]<br />
*[[Ziconotide]]<br />
*[[Zopiclone]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{General symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
<br />
[[bg:Анорексия (симптом)]]<br />
[[ca:Anorèxia]]<br />
[[de:Anorexie]]<br />
[[es:Anorexia]]<br />
[[eu:Anorexia]]<br />
[[fr:Anorexie]]<br />
[[io:Anorexio]]<br />
[[it:Anoressia]]<br />
[[lb:Anorexie]]<br />
[[nl:Anorexie]]<br />
[[pt:Anorexia (sintoma)]]<br />
[[sl:Anoreksija]]<br />
[[tr:Anoreksi]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Anorexia_(symptom)&diff=882714
Anorexia (symptom)
2013-06-13T15:48:31Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}<br />
<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk. <br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
* Postprandial anorexia<br />
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
* Severe [[clinical depression|depression]]<br />
* [[Cancer]]<br />
* [[Dementia]]<br />
* [[AIDS]]<br />
* [[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
* Drugs<br />
**[[Stimulants]]<br />
**[[Narcotics]]<br />
* Environmentally induced disorders such as<br />
**[[Altitude sickness]]<br />
* [[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
* Congestion of the [[liver]] with [[venous blood]].<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congestive heart failure]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Retinoid]], [[Theobromine]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aciclovir]], [[Amphetamine ]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Benzodiazepine]], [[Benzylpiperazine]], [[Calcitriol]], [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Dextromethamphetamine]], [[Dextromethylphenidate]], [[Diacetylmorphine]], [[Enfuvirtide]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Gold salts]], [[Hydralazine]], [[Ketorolac]], [[Leptoprin]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Modafinil]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Pipradrol]], [[Pyrazinamide]], [[St John's wort]], [[Stimulants]], [[Theobromine]], [[Valaciclovir]], [[Ziconotide]], [[Zopiclone]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia Nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Carotenodermia]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Appendicitis]], [[Binge eating]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Hymenolepiasis]], [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[Milk-alkali syndrome]], [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[Astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Cryptosporidium parvum]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Rhinovirus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Dementia]], [[Encephalitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Gold salts]] , [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Vitamin A]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Borderline personality disorder]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Clinical depression]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Dementia]], [[Depression]], [[Hangover]], [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[Opioid dependency]], [[Orthorexia nervosa]], [[Panic disorder]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Pneumonia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hangover]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[AIDS]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[High altitude]], Sickness behavior<ref name="pmid9468766">{{cite journal| author=Exton MS| title=Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy. | journal=Appetite | year= 1997 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-83 | pmid=9468766 | doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9468766 }} </ref><ref name="pmid283688">{{cite journal| author=Murray MJ, Murray AB| title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1979 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 593-6 | pmid=283688 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=283688 }} </ref>|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[Aciclovir]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Amphotericin B]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Appendicitis]]<br />
*[[Astroviridae]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Benzylpiperazine]]<br />
*[[Binge eating]]<br />
*[[Borderline personality disorder]]<br />
*[[Bulimia]]<br />
*[[Calcitriol]]<br />
*[[Carotenodermia]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Chromotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
*[[Chronic mountain sickness]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Clinical depression]]<br />
*[[Cocaine]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Craniopharyngioma]]<br />
*[[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]<br />
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]<br />
*[[Defensive vomiting]]<br />
*[[Dementia]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Dextromethamphetamine ]]<br />
*[[Dextromethylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]<br />
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]<br />
*[[Encephalitis]]<br />
*[[Enfuvirtide]]<br />
*[[Fluconazole]]<br />
*[[Gold salts]]<br />
*[[Hangover]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis E]]<br />
*[[High altitude]]<br />
*[[Hydralazine]]<br />
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]<br />
*[[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]<br />
*[[Ketorolac]]<br />
*[[Lábrea fever]]<br />
*[[Leptoprin]]<br />
*[[Marbofloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mastoiditis]]<br />
*[[Medical cannabis]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mirtazapine]]<br />
*[[Modafinil]]<br />
*[[Moxifloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mumps]]<br />
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]<br />
*[[Opioid dependency]]<br />
*[[Oropouche fever]]<br />
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Panic disorder]]<br />
*[[Pipradrol]]<br />
*[[Pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Pott's disease]]<br />
*[[Pyrazinamide]]<br />
*[[Relapsing fever]]<br />
*[[Retinoid]]<br />
*[[Rhinovirus]]<br />
* Sickness behavior<ref name="pmid9468766">{{cite journal| author=Exton MS| title=Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy. | journal=Appetite | year= 1997 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-83 | pmid=9468766 | doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9468766 }} </ref><ref name="pmid283688">{{cite journal| author=Murray MJ, Murray AB| title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1979 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 593-6 | pmid=283688 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=283688 }} </ref><br />
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
*[[St John's wort]]<br />
*[[Stimulants]]<br />
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]<br />
*[[Theobromine]]<br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
*[[Valaciclovir]]<br />
*[[Vitamin A]]<br />
*[[Ziconotide]]<br />
*[[Zopiclone]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{General symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
<br />
[[bg:Анорексия (симптом)]]<br />
[[ca:Anorèxia]]<br />
[[de:Anorexie]]<br />
[[es:Anorexia]]<br />
[[eu:Anorexia]]<br />
[[fr:Anorexie]]<br />
[[io:Anorexio]]<br />
[[it:Anoressia]]<br />
[[lb:Anorexie]]<br />
[[nl:Anorexie]]<br />
[[pt:Anorexia (sintoma)]]<br />
[[sl:Anoreksija]]<br />
[[tr:Anoreksi]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Anorexia_(symptom)&diff=882712
Anorexia (symptom)
2013-06-13T15:45:15Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}<br />
<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk. <br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
* Postprandial anorexia<br />
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
* Severe [[clinical depression|depression]]<br />
* [[Cancer]]<br />
* [[Dementia]]<br />
* [[AIDS]]<br />
* [[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
* Drugs<br />
**[[Stimulants]]<br />
**[[Narcotics]]<br />
* Environmentally induced disorders such as<br />
**[[Altitude sickness]]<br />
* [[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
* Congestion of the [[liver]] with [[venous blood]].<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congestive heart failure]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Retinoid]], [[Theobromine]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aciclovir]], [[Amphetamine ]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Benzodiazepine]], [[Benzylpiperazine]], [[Calcitriol]], [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Dextromethamphetamine]], [[Dextromethylphenidate]], [[Diacetylmorphine]], [[Enfuvirtide]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Gold salts]], [[Hydralazine]], [[Ketorolac]], [[Leptoprin]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Modafinil]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Pipradrol]], [[Pyrazinamide]], [[St John's wort]], [[Stimulants]], [[Theobromine]], [[Valaciclovir]], [[Ziconotide]], [[Zopiclone]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia Nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Carotenodermia]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Appendicitis]], [[Binge eating]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Hymenolepiasis]], [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[Milk-alkali syndrome]], [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[Astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Cryptosporidium parvum]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Rhinovirus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Dementia]], [[Encephalitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Gold salts]] , [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Vitamin A]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Borderline personality disorder]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Clinical depression]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Dementia]], [[Depression]], [[Hangover]], [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[Opioid dependency]], [[Orthorexia nervosa]], [[Panic disorder]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Pneumonia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hangover]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[AIDS]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[High altitude]], <br />
* Sickness behavior<ref name="pmid9468766">{{cite journal| author=Exton MS| title=Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy. | journal=Appetite | year= 1997 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-83 | pmid=9468766 | doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9468766 }} </ref><ref name="pmid283688">{{cite journal| author=Murray MJ, Murray AB| title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1979 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 593-6 | pmid=283688 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=283688 }} </ref>|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[Aciclovir]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Amphotericin B]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Appendicitis]]<br />
*[[Astroviridae]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Benzylpiperazine]]<br />
*[[Binge eating]]<br />
*[[Borderline personality disorder]]<br />
*[[Bulimia]]<br />
*[[Calcitriol]]<br />
*[[Carotenodermia]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Chromotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
*[[Chronic mountain sickness]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Clinical depression]]<br />
*[[Cocaine]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Craniopharyngioma]]<br />
*[[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]<br />
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]<br />
*[[Defensive vomiting]]<br />
*[[Dementia]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Dextromethamphetamine ]]<br />
*[[Dextromethylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]<br />
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]<br />
*[[Encephalitis]]<br />
*[[Enfuvirtide]]<br />
*[[Fluconazole]]<br />
*[[Gold salts]]<br />
*[[Hangover]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis E]]<br />
*[[High altitude]]<br />
*[[Hydralazine]]<br />
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]<br />
*[[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]<br />
*[[Ketorolac]]<br />
*[[Lábrea fever]]<br />
*[[Leptoprin]]<br />
*[[Marbofloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mastoiditis]]<br />
*[[Medical cannabis]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mirtazapine]]<br />
*[[Modafinil]]<br />
*[[Moxifloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mumps]]<br />
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]<br />
*[[Opioid dependency]]<br />
*[[Oropouche fever]]<br />
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Panic disorder]]<br />
*[[Pipradrol]]<br />
*[[Pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Pott's disease]]<br />
*[[Pyrazinamide]]<br />
*[[Relapsing fever]]<br />
*[[Retinoid]]<br />
*[[Rhinovirus]]<br />
* Sickness behavior<ref name="pmid9468766">{{cite journal| author=Exton MS| title=Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy. | journal=Appetite | year= 1997 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-83 | pmid=9468766 | doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9468766 }} </ref><ref name="pmid283688">{{cite journal| author=Murray MJ, Murray AB| title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1979 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 593-6 | pmid=283688 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=283688 }} </ref><br />
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
*[[St John's wort]]<br />
*[[Stimulants]]<br />
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]<br />
*[[Theobromine]]<br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
*[[Valaciclovir]]<br />
*[[Vitamin A]]<br />
*[[Ziconotide]]<br />
*[[Zopiclone]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{General symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
<br />
[[bg:Анорексия (симптом)]]<br />
[[ca:Anorèxia]]<br />
[[de:Anorexie]]<br />
[[es:Anorexia]]<br />
[[eu:Anorexia]]<br />
[[fr:Anorexie]]<br />
[[io:Anorexio]]<br />
[[it:Anoressia]]<br />
[[lb:Anorexie]]<br />
[[nl:Anorexie]]<br />
[[pt:Anorexia (sintoma)]]<br />
[[sl:Anoreksija]]<br />
[[tr:Anoreksi]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Anorexia_(symptom)&diff=882711
Anorexia (symptom)
2013-06-13T15:44:04Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}<br />
<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk. <br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
* Postprandial anorexia<br />
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
* Severe [[clinical depression|depression]]<br />
* [[Cancer]]<br />
* [[Dementia]]<br />
* [[AIDS]]<br />
* [[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
* Drugs<br />
**[[Stimulants]]<br />
**[[Narcotics]]<br />
* Environmentally induced disorders such as<br />
**[[Altitude sickness]]<br />
* [[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
* Congestion of the [[liver]] with [[venous blood]].<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congestive heart failure]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Retinoid]], [[Theobromine]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aciclovir]], [[Amphetamine ]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Benzodiazepine]], [[Benzylpiperazine]], [[Calcitriol]], [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Dextromethamphetamine]], [[Dextromethylphenidate]], [[Diacetylmorphine]], [[Enfuvirtide]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Gold salts]], [[Hydralazine]], [[Ketorolac]], [[Leptoprin]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Modafinil]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Pipradrol]], [[Pyrazinamide]], [[St John's wort]], [[Stimulants]], [[Theobromine]], [[Valaciclovir]], [[Ziconotide]], [[Zopiclone]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia Nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Carotenodermia]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Appendicitis]], [[Binge eating]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Hymenolepiasis]], [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[Milk-alkali syndrome]], [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[Astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Cryptosporidium parvum]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Rhinovirus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Dementia]], [[Encephalitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Gold salts]] , [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Vitamin A]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Borderline personality disorder]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Clinical depression]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Dementia]], [[Depression]], [[Hangover]], [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[Opioid dependency]], [[Orthorexia nervosa]], [[Panic disorder]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Pneumonia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hangover]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[AIDS]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[High altitude]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[Aciclovir]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Amphotericin B]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Appendicitis]]<br />
*[[Astroviridae]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Benzylpiperazine]]<br />
*[[Binge eating]]<br />
*[[Borderline personality disorder]]<br />
*[[Bulimia]]<br />
*[[Calcitriol]]<br />
*[[Carotenodermia]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Chromotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
*[[Chronic mountain sickness]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Clinical depression]]<br />
*[[Cocaine]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Craniopharyngioma]]<br />
*[[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]<br />
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]<br />
*[[Defensive vomiting]]<br />
*[[Dementia]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Dextromethamphetamine ]]<br />
*[[Dextromethylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]<br />
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]<br />
*[[Encephalitis]]<br />
*[[Enfuvirtide]]<br />
*[[Fluconazole]]<br />
*[[Gold salts]]<br />
*[[Hangover]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis E]]<br />
*[[High altitude]]<br />
*[[Hydralazine]]<br />
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]<br />
*[[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]<br />
*[[Ketorolac]]<br />
*[[Lábrea fever]]<br />
*[[Leptoprin]]<br />
*[[Marbofloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mastoiditis]]<br />
*[[Medical cannabis]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mirtazapine]]<br />
*[[Modafinil]]<br />
*[[Moxifloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mumps]]<br />
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]<br />
*[[Opioid dependency]]<br />
*[[Oropouche fever]]<br />
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Panic disorder]]<br />
*[[Pipradrol]]<br />
*[[Pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Pott's disease]]<br />
*[[Pyrazinamide]]<br />
*[[Relapsing fever]]<br />
*[[Retinoid]]<br />
*[[Rhinovirus]]<br />
* Sickness behavior<ref name="pmid9468766">{{cite journal| author=Exton MS| title=Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy. | journal=Appetite | year= 1997 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-83 | pmid=9468766 | doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9468766 }} </ref><ref name="pmid283688">{{cite journal| author=Murray MJ, Murray AB| title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1979 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 593-6 | pmid=283688 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=283688 }} </ref><br />
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
*[[St John's wort]]<br />
*[[Stimulants]]<br />
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]<br />
*[[Theobromine]]<br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
*[[Valaciclovir]]<br />
*[[Vitamin A]]<br />
*[[Ziconotide]]<br />
*[[Zopiclone]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{General symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
<br />
[[bg:Анорексия (симптом)]]<br />
[[ca:Anorèxia]]<br />
[[de:Anorexie]]<br />
[[es:Anorexia]]<br />
[[eu:Anorexia]]<br />
[[fr:Anorexie]]<br />
[[io:Anorexio]]<br />
[[it:Anoressia]]<br />
[[lb:Anorexie]]<br />
[[nl:Anorexie]]<br />
[[pt:Anorexia (sintoma)]]<br />
[[sl:Anoreksija]]<br />
[[tr:Anoreksi]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Anorexia_(symptom)&diff=882710
Anorexia (symptom)
2013-06-13T15:40:50Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}<br />
<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk. <br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
* Postprandial anorexia<br />
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
* Severe [[clinical depression|depression]]<br />
* [[Cancer]]<br />
* [[Dementia]]<br />
* [[AIDS]]<br />
* [[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
* Drugs<br />
**[[Stimulants]]<br />
**[[Narcotics]]<br />
* Environmentally induced disorders such as<br />
**[[Altitude sickness]]<br />
* [[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
* Congestion of the [[liver]] with [[venous blood]].<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congestive heart failure]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Retinoid]], [[Theobromine]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aciclovir]], [[Amphetamine ]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Benzodiazepine]], [[Benzylpiperazine]], [[Calcitriol]], [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Dextromethamphetamine]], [[Dextromethylphenidate]], [[Diacetylmorphine]], [[Enfuvirtide]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Gold salts]], [[Hydralazine]], [[Ketorolac]], [[Leptoprin]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Modafinil]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Pipradrol]], [[Pyrazinamide]], [[St John's wort]], [[Stimulants]], [[Theobromine]], [[Valaciclovir]], [[Ziconotide]], [[Zopiclone]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia Nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Carotenodermia]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Appendicitis]], [[Binge eating]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Hymenolepiasis]], [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[Milk-alkali syndrome]], [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[Astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Cryptosporidium parvum]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Rhinovirus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Dementia]], [[Encephalitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Gold salts]] , [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Vitamin A]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Borderline personality disorder]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Clinical depression]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Dementia]], [[Depression]], [[Hangover]], [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[Opioid dependency]], [[Orthorexia nervosa]], [[Panic disorder]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Pneumonia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hangover]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[AIDS]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[High altitude]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[Aciclovir]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Amphotericin B]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Appendicitis]]<br />
*[[Astroviridae]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Benzylpiperazine]]<br />
*[[Binge eating]]<br />
*[[Borderline personality disorder]]<br />
*[[Bulimia]]<br />
*[[Calcitriol]]<br />
*[[Carotenodermia]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Chromotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
*[[Chronic mountain sickness]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Clinical depression]]<br />
*[[Cocaine]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Craniopharyngioma]]<br />
*[[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]<br />
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]<br />
*[[Defensive vomiting]]<br />
*[[Dementia]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Dextromethamphetamine ]]<br />
*[[Dextromethylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]<br />
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]<br />
*[[Encephalitis]]<br />
*[[Enfuvirtide]]<br />
*[[Fluconazole]]<br />
*[[Gold salts]]<br />
*[[Hangover]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis E]]<br />
*[[High altitude]]<br />
*[[Hydralazine]]<br />
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]<br />
*[[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]<br />
*[[Ketorolac]]<br />
*[[Lábrea fever]]<br />
*[[Leptoprin]]<br />
*[[Marbofloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mastoiditis]]<br />
*[[Medical cannabis]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mirtazapine]]<br />
*[[Modafinil]]<br />
*[[Moxifloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mumps]]<br />
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]<br />
*[[Opioid dependency]]<br />
*[[Oropouche fever]]<br />
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Panic disorder]]<br />
*[[Pipradrol]]<br />
*[[Pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Pott's disease]]<br />
*[[Pyrazinamide]]<br />
*[[Relapsing fever]]<br />
*[[Retinoid]]<br />
*[[Rhinovirus]]<br />
* Sickness behavior<ref>{{cite PMID|9468766}}</ref><ref>{{Cite PMID|283688}}</ref><br />
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
*[[St John's wort]]<br />
*[[Stimulants]]<br />
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]<br />
*[[Theobromine]]<br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
*[[Valaciclovir]]<br />
*[[Vitamin A]]<br />
*[[Ziconotide]]<br />
*[[Zopiclone]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{General symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
<br />
[[bg:Анорексия (симптом)]]<br />
[[ca:Anorèxia]]<br />
[[de:Anorexie]]<br />
[[es:Anorexia]]<br />
[[eu:Anorexia]]<br />
[[fr:Anorexie]]<br />
[[io:Anorexio]]<br />
[[it:Anoressia]]<br />
[[lb:Anorexie]]<br />
[[nl:Anorexie]]<br />
[[pt:Anorexia (sintoma)]]<br />
[[sl:Anoreksija]]<br />
[[tr:Anoreksi]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Anorexia_(symptom)&diff=882706
Anorexia (symptom)
2013-06-13T15:36:53Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}<br />
<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk. <br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
* Postprandial anorexia<br />
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
* Severe [[clinical depression|depression]]<br />
* [[Cancer]]<br />
* [[Dementia]]<br />
* [[AIDS]]<br />
* [[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
* Drugs<br />
**[[Stimulants]]<br />
**[[Narcotics]]<br />
* Environmentally induced disorders such as<br />
**[[Altitude sickness]]<br />
* [[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
* Congestion of the [[liver]] with [[venous blood]].<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congestive heart failure]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Retinoid]], [[Theobromine]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aciclovir]], [[Amphetamine ]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Benzodiazepine]], [[Benzylpiperazine]], [[Calcitriol]], [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Dextromethamphetamine]], [[Dextromethylphenidate]], [[Diacetylmorphine]], [[Enfuvirtide]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Gold salts]], [[Hydralazine]], [[Ketorolac]], [[Leptoprin]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Modafinil]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Pipradrol]], [[Pyrazinamide]], [[St John's wort]], [[Stimulants]], [[Theobromine]], [[Valaciclovir]], [[Ziconotide]], [[Zopiclone]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia Nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Carotenodermia]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Appendicitis]], [[Binge eating]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Hymenolepiasis]], [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[Milk-alkali syndrome]], [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[Astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Cryptosporidium parvum]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Rhinovirus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Dementia]], [[Encephalitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Gold salts]] , [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Vitamin A]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Borderline personality disorder]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Clinical depression]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Dementia]], [[Depression]], [[Hangover]], [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[Opioid dependency]], [[Orthorexia nervosa]], [[Panic disorder]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Pneumonia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hangover]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[AIDS]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[High altitude]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[Aciclovir]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Amphotericin B]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Appendicitis]]<br />
*[[Astroviridae]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Benzylpiperazine]]<br />
*[[Binge eating]]<br />
*[[Borderline personality disorder]]<br />
*[[Bulimia]]<br />
*[[Calcitriol]]<br />
*[[Carotenodermia]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Chromotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
*[[Chronic mountain sickness]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Clinical depression]]<br />
*[[Cocaine]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Craniopharyngioma]]<br />
*[[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]<br />
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]<br />
*[[Defensive vomiting]]<br />
*[[Dementia]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Dextromethamphetamine ]]<br />
*[[Dextromethylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]<br />
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]<br />
*[[Encephalitis]]<br />
*[[Enfuvirtide]]<br />
*[[Fluconazole]]<br />
*[[Gold salts]]<br />
*[[Hangover]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis E]]<br />
*[[High altitude]]<br />
*[[Hydralazine]]<br />
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]<br />
*[[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]<br />
*[[Ketorolac]]<br />
*[[Lábrea fever]]<br />
*[[Leptoprin]]<br />
*[[Marbofloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mastoiditis]]<br />
*[[Medical cannabis]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mirtazapine]]<br />
*[[Modafinil]]<br />
*[[Moxifloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mumps]]<br />
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]<br />
*[[Opioid dependency]]<br />
*[[Oropouche fever]]<br />
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Panic disorder]]<br />
*[[Pipradrol]]<br />
*[[Pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Pott's disease]]<br />
*[[Pyrazinamide]]<br />
*[[Relapsing fever]]<br />
*[[Retinoid]]<br />
*[[Rhinovirus]]<br />
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
*[[St John's wort]]<br />
*[[Stimulants]]<br />
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]<br />
*[[Theobromine]]<br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
*[[Valaciclovir]]<br />
*[[Vitamin A]]<br />
*[[Ziconotide]]<br />
*[[Zopiclone]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{General symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
<br />
[[bg:Анорексия (симптом)]]<br />
[[ca:Anorèxia]]<br />
[[de:Anorexie]]<br />
[[es:Anorexia]]<br />
[[eu:Anorexia]]<br />
[[fr:Anorexie]]<br />
[[io:Anorexio]]<br />
[[it:Anoressia]]<br />
[[lb:Anorexie]]<br />
[[nl:Anorexie]]<br />
[[pt:Anorexia (sintoma)]]<br />
[[sl:Anoreksija]]<br />
[[tr:Anoreksi]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Anorexia_(symptom)&diff=882705
Anorexia (symptom)
2013-06-13T15:36:31Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}<br />
<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk. <br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
* Postprandial anorexia<br />
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
* Severe [[clinical depression|depression]]<br />
* [[Cancer]]<br />
* [[Dementia]]<br />
* [[AIDS]]<br />
* [[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
* Drugs<br />
**[[Stimulants]]<br />
**[[Narcotics]]<br />
* Environmentally induced disorders such as<br />
**[[Altitude sickness]]<br />
* [[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
* Congestion of the [[liver]] with [[venous blood]].<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | • [[Congestive heart failure]] • [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Retinoid]], [[Theobromine]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aciclovir]], [[Amphetamine ]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Benzodiazepine]], [[Benzylpiperazine]], [[Calcitriol]], [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Dextromethamphetamine]], [[Dextromethylphenidate]], [[Diacetylmorphine]], [[Enfuvirtide]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Gold salts]], [[Hydralazine]], [[Ketorolac]], [[Leptoprin]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Modafinil]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Pipradrol]], [[Pyrazinamide]], [[St John's wort]], [[Stimulants]], [[Theobromine]], [[Valaciclovir]], [[Ziconotide]], [[Zopiclone]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia Nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Carotenodermia]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Appendicitis]], [[Binge eating]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Hymenolepiasis]], [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[Milk-alkali syndrome]], [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[Astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Cryptosporidium parvum]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Rhinovirus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Dementia]], [[Encephalitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Gold salts]] , [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Vitamin A]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Borderline personality disorder]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Clinical depression]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Dementia]], [[Depression]], [[Hangover]], [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[Opioid dependency]], [[Orthorexia nervosa]], [[Panic disorder]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Pneumonia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hangover]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[AIDS]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[High altitude]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[Aciclovir]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Amphotericin B]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Appendicitis]]<br />
*[[Astroviridae]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Benzylpiperazine]]<br />
*[[Binge eating]]<br />
*[[Borderline personality disorder]]<br />
*[[Bulimia]]<br />
*[[Calcitriol]]<br />
*[[Carotenodermia]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Chromotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
*[[Chronic mountain sickness]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Clinical depression]]<br />
*[[Cocaine]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Craniopharyngioma]]<br />
*[[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]<br />
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]<br />
*[[Defensive vomiting]]<br />
*[[Dementia]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Dextromethamphetamine ]]<br />
*[[Dextromethylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]<br />
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]<br />
*[[Encephalitis]]<br />
*[[Enfuvirtide]]<br />
*[[Fluconazole]]<br />
*[[Gold salts]]<br />
*[[Hangover]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis E]]<br />
*[[High altitude]]<br />
*[[Hydralazine]]<br />
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]<br />
*[[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]<br />
*[[Ketorolac]]<br />
*[[Lábrea fever]]<br />
*[[Leptoprin]]<br />
*[[Marbofloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mastoiditis]]<br />
*[[Medical cannabis]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mirtazapine]]<br />
*[[Modafinil]]<br />
*[[Moxifloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mumps]]<br />
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]<br />
*[[Opioid dependency]]<br />
*[[Oropouche fever]]<br />
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Panic disorder]]<br />
*[[Pipradrol]]<br />
*[[Pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Pott's disease]]<br />
*[[Pyrazinamide]]<br />
*[[Relapsing fever]]<br />
*[[Retinoid]]<br />
*[[Rhinovirus]]<br />
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
*[[St John's wort]]<br />
*[[Stimulants]]<br />
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]<br />
*[[Theobromine]]<br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
*[[Valaciclovir]]<br />
*[[Vitamin A]]<br />
*[[Ziconotide]]<br />
*[[Zopiclone]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{General symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
<br />
[[bg:Анорексия (симптом)]]<br />
[[ca:Anorèxia]]<br />
[[de:Anorexie]]<br />
[[es:Anorexia]]<br />
[[eu:Anorexia]]<br />
[[fr:Anorexie]]<br />
[[io:Anorexio]]<br />
[[it:Anoressia]]<br />
[[lb:Anorexie]]<br />
[[nl:Anorexie]]<br />
[[pt:Anorexia (sintoma)]]<br />
[[sl:Anoreksija]]<br />
[[tr:Anoreksi]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Anorexia_(symptom)&diff=882702
Anorexia (symptom)
2013-06-13T15:28:02Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}<br />
<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk. <br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
* Postprandial anorexia<br />
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
* Severe [[clinical depression|depression]]<br />
* [[Cancer]]<br />
* [[Dementia]]<br />
* [[AIDS]]<br />
* [[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
* Drugs<br />
**[[Stimulants]]<br />
**[[Narcotics]]<br />
* Environmentally induced disorders such as<br />
**[[Altitude sickness]]<br />
* [[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
* Congestion of the [[liver]] with [[venous blood]].<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | • [[Congestive heart failure]] • [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chromotherapy]] • [[Retinoid]] • [[Theobromine]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Aciclovir]] • [[Amphetamine ]] • [[Amphotericin B]] • [[Antidepressants]] • [[Benzodiazepine]] • [[Benzylpiperazine]] • [[Calcitriol]] • [[Chromotherapy]] • [[Cocaine]]• [[Dextromethamphetamine]] • [[Dextromethylphenidate]]• [[Diacetylmorphine]] • [[Enfuvirtide]] • [[Fluconazole]] • [[Gold salts]] • [[Hydralazine]] • [[Ketorolac]] • [[Leptoprin]] • [[Methylphenidate]] • [[Mirtazapine]] • [[Modafinil]] • [[Moxifloxacin]] • [[Pipradrol]] • [[Pyrazinamide]] • [[St John's wort]] • [[Stimulants]] • [[Theobromine]] • [[Valaciclovir]] • [[Ziconotide]]• [[Zopiclone]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Anorexia Nervosa]] • [[Binge eating]] • [[Bulimia nervosa]] • [[Carotenodermia]] • [[Diabetic neuropathy]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] • [[Anorexia nervosa]] • [[Appendicitis]] • [[Binge eating]] • [[Colorectal cancer]] • [[Crohn's Disease]] • [[Defensive vomiting]] • [[Hepatitis]] • [[Hepatitis E]] • [[Hymenolepiasis]] • [[Hypervitaminosis D]] • [[Lábrea fever]] • [[Milk-alkali syndrome]] • [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]] • [[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] • [[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]] • [[AIDS]] • [[Astroviridae]] • [[Chagas disease]] • [[Community-acquired pneumonia]] • [[Cryptosporidium parvum]] • [[Encephalitis]] • [[Hepatitis]] • [[Hepatitis E]] • [[Mumps]] • [[Oropouche fever]] • [[Pneumonia]] • [[Pott's disease]] • [[Relapsing fever]] • [[Rhinovirus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] • [[Craniopharyngioma]] • [[Dementia]] • [[Encephalitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chromotherapy]] • [[Colorectal cancer]] • [[Craniopharyngioma]]• [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute radiation syndrome]] • [[Chromotherapy]] • [[Cocaine]] • [[Gold salts]] • [[Hypervitaminosis D]] • [[Vitamin A]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|• [[Anorexia nervosa]] • [[Binge eating]] • [[Borderline personality disorder]] • [[Bulimia nervosa]] • [[Clinical depression]] • [[Defensive vomiting]] • [[Dementia]] • [[Depression]] • [[Hangover]] • [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]] • [[Opioid dependency]] • [[Orthorexia nervosa]] • [[Panic disorder]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]] • [[Atypical pneumonia]] • [[Community-acquired pneumonia]] • [[Pneumonia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic renal failure]] • [[Diabetic neuropathy]]• [[Hangover]] • [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[AIDS]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|• [[Chronic renal failure]] • [[Diabetic neuropathy]] • [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic mountain sickness]] • [[High altitude]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[Aciclovir]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Amphotericin B]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Appendicitis]]<br />
*[[Astroviridae]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Benzylpiperazine]]<br />
*[[Binge eating]]<br />
*[[Borderline personality disorder]]<br />
*[[Bulimia]]<br />
*[[Calcitriol]]<br />
*[[Carotenodermia]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Chromotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
*[[Chronic mountain sickness]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Clinical depression]]<br />
*[[Cocaine]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Craniopharyngioma]]<br />
*[[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]<br />
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]<br />
*[[Defensive vomiting]]<br />
*[[Dementia]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Dextromethamphetamine ]]<br />
*[[Dextromethylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]<br />
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]<br />
*[[Encephalitis]]<br />
*[[Enfuvirtide]]<br />
*[[Fluconazole]]<br />
*[[Gold salts]]<br />
*[[Hangover]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis E]]<br />
*[[High altitude]]<br />
*[[Hydralazine]]<br />
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]<br />
*[[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]<br />
*[[Ketorolac]]<br />
*[[Lábrea fever]]<br />
*[[Leptoprin]]<br />
*[[Marbofloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mastoiditis]]<br />
*[[Medical cannabis]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mirtazapine]]<br />
*[[Modafinil]]<br />
*[[Moxifloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mumps]]<br />
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]<br />
*[[Opioid dependency]]<br />
*[[Oropouche fever]]<br />
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Panic disorder]]<br />
*[[Pipradrol]]<br />
*[[Pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Pott's disease]]<br />
*[[Pyrazinamide]]<br />
*[[Relapsing fever]]<br />
*[[Retinoid]]<br />
*[[Rhinovirus]]<br />
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
*[[St John's wort]]<br />
*[[Stimulants]]<br />
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]<br />
*[[Theobromine]]<br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
*[[Valaciclovir]]<br />
*[[Vitamin A]]<br />
*[[Ziconotide]]<br />
*[[Zopiclone]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{General symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
<br />
[[bg:Анорексия (симптом)]]<br />
[[ca:Anorèxia]]<br />
[[de:Anorexie]]<br />
[[es:Anorexia]]<br />
[[eu:Anorexia]]<br />
[[fr:Anorexie]]<br />
[[io:Anorexio]]<br />
[[it:Anoressia]]<br />
[[lb:Anorexie]]<br />
[[nl:Anorexie]]<br />
[[pt:Anorexia (sintoma)]]<br />
[[sl:Anoreksija]]<br />
[[tr:Anoreksi]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Anorexia_(symptom)&diff=882692
Anorexia (symptom)
2013-06-13T15:11:34Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}<br />
<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk. <br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
The most common form of anorexia is simply [[satiety|satiation]] following the consumption of food. This happens in all normal humans and is called '''postprandial anorexia'''. Disorders that cause (harmful) anorexia include [[anorexia nervosa]], severe [[clinical depression|depression]], [[cancer]], [[dementia]], [[AIDS]], and [[chronic renal failure]] and the use of certain drugs, particularly [[stimulants]] and [[narcotics]]. Environmentally induced disorders such as [[altitude sickness]] can also trigger an acute form of anorexia. Anorexia may also be seen in [[congestive heart failure]], perhaps due to congestion of the [[liver]] with [[venous blood]].<br />
<br />
Although the [[presenting symptom]] (the one which prompts a patient to seek medical attention) in [[appendicitis|acute appendicitis]] is [[abdominal pain]], patients virtually always experience anorexia as well, possibly accompanied by an early episode of [[vomiting]].<br />
<br />
Some medications, [[antidepressants]] for example, can have anorexia as a side effect. Most notoriously, however, chemicals that are a member of the [[phenethylamine]] family are known to have more intense anorectic properties. For this reason, many individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa may seek to use these medications to suppress appetite. Such prescription medications include [[Ritalin]], [[Adderall]], [[Dexedrine]], and [[Desoxyn]]. In some cases, these medications are prescribed to patients prior to undergoing an operation requiring general anesthesia. This is a prophylactic measure taken to ensure no food will back up into the esophagus and cause the patient to stop breathing during the procedure. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | • [[Congestive heart failure]] • [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chromotherapy]] • [[Retinoid]] • [[Theobromine]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Aciclovir]] • [[Amphetamine ]] • [[Amphotericin B]] • [[Antidepressants]] • [[Benzodiazepine]] • [[Benzylpiperazine]] • [[Calcitriol]] • [[Chromotherapy]] • [[Cocaine]]• [[Dextromethamphetamine]] • [[Dextromethylphenidate]]• [[Diacetylmorphine]] • [[Enfuvirtide]] • [[Fluconazole]] • [[Gold salts]] • [[Hydralazine]] • [[Ketorolac]] • [[Leptoprin]] • [[Methylphenidate]] • [[Mirtazapine]] • [[Modafinil]] • [[Moxifloxacin]] • [[Pipradrol]] • [[Pyrazinamide]] • [[St John's wort]] • [[Stimulants]] • [[Theobromine]] • [[Valaciclovir]] • [[Ziconotide]]• [[Zopiclone]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Anorexia Nervosa]] • [[Binge eating]] • [[Bulimia nervosa]] • [[Carotenodermia]] • [[Diabetic neuropathy]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] • [[Anorexia nervosa]] • [[Appendicitis]] • [[Binge eating]] • [[Colorectal cancer]] • [[Crohn's Disease]] • [[Defensive vomiting]] • [[Hepatitis]] • [[Hepatitis E]] • [[Hymenolepiasis]] • [[Hypervitaminosis D]] • [[Lábrea fever]] • [[Milk-alkali syndrome]] • [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]] • [[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] • [[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]] • [[AIDS]] • [[Astroviridae]] • [[Chagas disease]] • [[Community-acquired pneumonia]] • [[Cryptosporidium parvum]] • [[Encephalitis]] • [[Hepatitis]] • [[Hepatitis E]] • [[Mumps]] • [[Oropouche fever]] • [[Pneumonia]] • [[Pott's disease]] • [[Relapsing fever]] • [[Rhinovirus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Mastoiditis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] • [[Craniopharyngioma]] • [[Dementia]] • [[Encephalitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chromotherapy]] • [[Colorectal cancer]] • [[Craniopharyngioma]]• [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute radiation syndrome]] • [[Chromotherapy]] • [[Cocaine]] • [[Gold salts]] • [[Hypervitaminosis D]] • [[Vitamin A]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|• [[Anorexia nervosa]] • [[Binge eating]] • [[Borderline personality disorder]] • [[Bulimia nervosa]] • [[Clinical depression]] • [[Defensive vomiting]] • [[Dementia]] • [[Depression]] • [[Hangover]] • [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]] • [[Opioid dependency]] • [[Orthorexia nervosa]] • [[Panic disorder]]<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]] • [[Atypical pneumonia]] • [[Community-acquired pneumonia]] • [[Pneumonia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic renal failure]] • [[Diabetic neuropathy]]• [[Hangover]] • [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[AIDS]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|• [[Chronic renal failure]] • [[Diabetic neuropathy]] • [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic mountain sickness]] • [[High altitude]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[Aciclovir]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Amphotericin B]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Appendicitis]]<br />
*[[Astroviridae]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Benzylpiperazine]]<br />
*[[Binge eating]]<br />
*[[Borderline personality disorder]]<br />
*[[Bulimia]]<br />
*[[Calcitriol]]<br />
*[[Carotenodermia]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Chromotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<br />
*[[Chronic mountain sickness]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Clinical depression]]<br />
*[[Cocaine]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Craniopharyngioma]]<br />
*[[Crohn's Disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]<br />
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]<br />
*[[Defensive vomiting]]<br />
*[[Dementia]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Dextromethamphetamine ]]<br />
*[[Dextromethylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]<br />
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]<br />
*[[Encephalitis]]<br />
*[[Enfuvirtide]]<br />
*[[Fluconazole]]<br />
*[[Gold salts]]<br />
*[[Hangover]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis E]]<br />
*[[High altitude]]<br />
*[[Hydralazine]]<br />
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]<br />
*[[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]<br />
*[[Ketorolac]]<br />
*[[Lábrea fever]]<br />
*[[Leptoprin]]<br />
*[[Marbofloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mastoiditis]]<br />
*[[Medical cannabis]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mirtazapine]]<br />
*[[Modafinil]]<br />
*[[Moxifloxacin]]<br />
*[[Mumps]]<br />
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]<br />
*[[Opioid dependency]]<br />
*[[Oropouche fever]]<br />
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Panic disorder]]<br />
*[[Pipradrol]]<br />
*[[Pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Pott's disease]]<br />
*[[Pyrazinamide]]<br />
*[[Relapsing fever]]<br />
*[[Retinoid]]<br />
*[[Rhinovirus]]<br />
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
*[[St John's wort]]<br />
*[[Stimulants]]<br />
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]<br />
*[[Theobromine]]<br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]<br />
*[[Valaciclovir]]<br />
*[[Vitamin A]]<br />
*[[Ziconotide]]<br />
*[[Zopiclone]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{General symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
<br />
[[bg:Анорексия (симптом)]]<br />
[[ca:Anorèxia]]<br />
[[de:Anorexie]]<br />
[[es:Anorexia]]<br />
[[eu:Anorexia]]<br />
[[fr:Anorexie]]<br />
[[io:Anorexio]]<br />
[[it:Anoressia]]<br />
[[lb:Anorexie]]<br />
[[nl:Anorexie]]<br />
[[pt:Anorexia (sintoma)]]<br />
[[sl:Anoreksija]]<br />
[[tr:Anoreksi]]</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Lymphadenopathy_causes&diff=882684
Lymphadenopathy causes
2013-06-13T14:51:20Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Causes in Alphabetical OrderSailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016 Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massac...</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Lymphadenopathy}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
* Acute [[infection]]s (e.g. [[bacterial]], or [[virus|viral]])<br />
* Chronic infections (e.g [[tuberculous lymphadenitis]], [[cat-scratch disease]]). Infectious [[mononucleosis]] is an acute viral infection, the hallmark of which is marked enlargement of the [[cervical lymph nodes]]. <br />
*[[Toxoplasmosis]], a [[parasitic disease]], gives a generalized lymphadenopathy<ref name=Status/><br />
* [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[hairy cell leukemia]], give lymphadenopathy in all or a few lymph nodes <ref name=Status> Status and anamnesis, Anders Albinsson. Page 12 </ref><br />
* [[Metastasis]]<br />
* [[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] ([[SLE]])<br />
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
* [[AIDS]] - generalized lymphadenopathy is an early sign of infection with [[human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). "Lymphadenopathy syndrome" has been used to describe the first symptomatic stage of [[HIV]] progression, preceding [[AIDS-related complex]] and full-blown [[AIDS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aproposinc.com/hap/types.htm|title=Understanding and Preventing AIDS: A Book for Everyone|author=Chris Jennings|year=1993}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Erythroderma]], [[Infantile papular acrodermatitis]], [[Melanoma]], [[Merkel cell carcinoma]], [[Mycosis fungoides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allopurinol]], [[Atenolol ]], [[Captopril]], [[Carbamazepine ]], [[Cephalosporins]], [[Gold]],[[Hydralazine]], [[Penicillin]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Primidone]], [[Pyrimethamine]], [[Quinidine]], [[Sulfonamides]],[[Sulindac]], [[Yaws]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hepatitis A]], [[Hepatitis B]], [[Mesenteric adenitis]], [[Stomach cancer]], [[Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome]],[[Whipple's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]], [[Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]], [[Familial histiocytic reticulosis]], [[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]], [[X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]], [[Acute lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Adult T cell leukemia]], [[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]] type 1, [[Castleman's disease]], [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Cutaneous T cell lymphoma]],[[Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]], [[Familial histiocytic reticulosis]], [[Faisalabad histiocytosis]], [[Gamma heavy chain disease]], [[Hairy cell leukaemia]], Hemoblastosis, [[Hemophagocytic reticulosis]], [[Histiocytosis X]],[[Hodgkin's Lymphoma]], [[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome]], [[Large granular lymphocyte leukemia]],[[Leukemia]], [[Lipogranulomatosis]], [[Lymphangioma]], [[Lymphoma]], [[Macroglobulinemia]], [[Myeloproliferative disorder]],[[Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma]], Primary [[autoimmune haemolytic anaemia]], [[Plasma cell leukemia]], [[Reticuloendotheliosis]],[[Sinus histiocytosis]], [[Systemic mastocytosis]], [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]], [[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]],[[X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]], [[WT limb blood syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| '''Bacteria''':<br />
[[Anthrax]], [[Borrelia burgdorferi]], [[Boutonneuse fever]], [[Brucellosis]], [[Cat scratch disease]], [[Congenital tuberculosis]], [[Erysipelas]], [[Granuloma inguinale]], [[Lepromatous leprosy]], [[Listeriosis]], [[Lymphogranuloma venereum]],[[Mastitis]], [[Moraxella catarrhalis]], [[Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare]], [[Mycobacterium chelonei]], [[Pinta]],[[Plague]], [[Rat-bite fever]], [[Rickettsiae]], [[Scrub typhus]], [[Sennetsu fever]], [[Septicaemia]], [[Spotted fevers]],[[Streptococcal tonsillitis]], [[Syphilis]], [[Three-day fever]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Tularemia]], [[Typhus fever]], [[Vincent's angina]], [[Yersinia pestis]]<br />
<br />
'''Virus''':<br />
<br />
[[AIDS]], [[Cowpox]], [[Coxsackie virus]], [[Cytomegalovirus infection]], [[Dengue]], [[German Measles]]/[[Rubella]], [[Hepatitis A]], [[Hepatitis B]], [[Herpes simplex]], [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Influenza]], [[Lassa fever]], [[Measles]], [[Mumps]],[[Smallpox]], [[Varicella]], [[Western equine encephalitis]]<br />
<br />
'''Fungal''':<br />
<br />
[[Coccidioidomycosis]], [[Blastomycosis]], [[Histoplasmosis]], [[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
<br />
'''Parasitic''':<br />
<br />
[[African Sleeping sickness]], [[Chagas' disease]], [[Congenital Toxoplasmosis]], [[Filaria]], [[Lymphatic filariasis]],[[Onchocerciasis]], [[Opisthorchiasis]], [[Paracoccidioidomycosis]], [[Rhabditida Infections]], [[Toxoplasmosis]],[[Trypanosomiasis]], [[Visceral leishmaniasis]] /[[Kala-azar]], [[Wuchereria bancrofti]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Juvenile chronic arthritis]], [[WT limb blood syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Apo A-I deficiency]], [[Sphingomyelinase deficiency]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]], [[Acute lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Adult T cell leukemia]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Hemangiopericytoma]], [[Lip cancer]], [[Malignant lymphoma]], [[Melanoma]], [[Metastasis]], [[Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma]], [[Pancoast tumor]], [[Pseudolymphoma]],[[Rhabdomyosarcoma]], [[Stomach cancer]], [[Cutaneous T cell lymphoma]], [[Hairy cell leukaemia]], [[Hodgkin's Lymphoma]],[[Large granular lymphocyte leukemia]], [[Lymphoma]], [[Plasma cell leukemia]], [[Merkel cell carcinoma]], [[Mycosis fungoides]],[[WT limb blood syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Pneumoconiosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy]], [[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]] type 1, [[Caspase-8 deficiency]], [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome]], [[Churg-Strauss syndrome]], [[Common Variable Immunodeficiency]], [[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Griscelli disease]], Primary [[autoimmune haemolytic anaemia]], [[Rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Serum sickness]], [[Siccardi syndrome]], [[Still's Disease]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]/[[SLE]], [[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[Aphthous stomatitis]], [[Bejel]], [[Black widow spider envenomation]], [[Cystic hygroma]],[[Gingivostomatitis]], [[Idiopathic]], [[Radiotherapy]], [[Snake bite]] (Viperidae), [[Spider bite]], [[Vaccination]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref><ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Acute lymphocytic leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Adult T cell leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[African Sleeping sickness]]<ref name="pmid21901632">{{cite journal |author=Blum JA, Neumayr AL, Hatz CF |title=Human African trypanosomiasis in endemic populations and travellers |journal=Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. |volume=31 |issue=6|pages=905–13 |year=2012 |month=June |pmid=21901632 |doi=10.1007/s10096-011-1403-y |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[AIDS]]<ref name="pmid22716315">{{cite journal |author=Beukes CA, Thiart J |title=The incidence of human herpes virus-8 expression in lymph node biopsies from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients |journal=Histopathology |volume= |issue=|pages= |year=2012 |month=April |pmid=22716315 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04291.x |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Amyloidosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy]]<ref name="pmid21821991">{{cite journal |author=Mitsuhashi K, Shiseki M, Ishiyama M, ''et al.'' |title=[Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with marked polyclonal plasmacytosis in peripheral blood and bone marrow mimicking plasma cell leukemia] |language=Japanese |journal=Rinsho Ketsueki |volume=52 |issue=7 |pages=563–9 |year=2011|month=July |pmid=21821991 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Anthrax]]<br />
<br />
*[[Aphthous stomatitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Apo A-I deficiency]]<ref name="pmid22271127">{{cite journal |author=Simonelli S, Gianazza E, Mombelli G, ''et al.''|title=Severe high-density lipoprotein deficiency associated with autoantibodies against lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase in non-Hodgkin lymphoma |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=172 |issue=2 |pages=179–81 |year=2012 |month=January |pmid=22271127|doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2011.661 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]] type 1<ref name="pmid22752343">{{cite journal |author=Simesen de Bielke MG, Yancoski J, Rocco C, ''et al.'' |title=A Missense Mutation in the Extracellular Domain of Fas: The Most Common Change in Argentinean Patients with Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Represents a Founder Effect |journal=J Clin Immunol |volume= |issue=|pages= |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22752343 |doi=10.1007/s10875-012-9731-y |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Bejel]]<br />
<br />
*[[Black widow spider envenomation]]<br />
<br />
*[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]<br />
<br />
*[[Boutonneuse fever]]<ref name="pmid22511280">{{cite journal |author=Schleenvoigt BT, Keller P, Stallmach A, Pletz MW |title=[African tick bite fever--rickettsiosis after holiday in South Africa] |language=German |journal=Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr.|volume=137 |issue=17 |pages=891–3 |year=2012 |month=April |pmid=22511280 |doi=10.1055/s-0032-1304902 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Breast cancer]]<br />
<br />
*[[Brucellosis]]<ref name="pmid22812616">{{cite journal |author=Roushan MR, Amiri MJ |title=Update on Childhood Brucellosis|journal=Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22812616 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Caspase-8 deficiency]]<br />
<br />
*[[Castleman's disease]]<ref name="pmid22791417">{{cite journal |author=Dispenzieri A, Armitage JO, Loe MJ, ''et al.'' |title=The clinical spectrum of Castleman's disease |journal=Am J Hematol |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=June |pmid=22791417|doi=10.1002/ajh.23291 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Cat scratch disease]]<ref name="pmid22358366">{{cite journal |author=Chondrogiannis K, Vezakis A, Derpapas M, Melemeni A, Fragulidis G |title=Seronegative cat-scratch disease diagnosed by PCR detection of Bartonella henselae DNA in lymph node samples|journal=Braz J Infect Dis |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=96–9 |year=2012 |pmid=22358366 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Chagas' disease]]<br />
<br />
*[[Chediak-Higashi syndrome]]<ref name="pmid22223973">{{cite journal |author=Reddy RR, Babu BM, Venkateshwaramma B, Hymavathi Ch|title=Silvery hair syndrome in two cousins: Chediak-Higashi syndrome vs Griscelli syndrome, with rare associations |journal=Int J Trichology |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=107–11 |year=2011 |month=July |pmid=22223973 |pmc=3250006 |doi=10.4103/0974-7753.90825|url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22147054">{{cite journal |author=Fantinato GT, Cestari Sda C, Afonso JP, Sousa LS, Enokihara MM|title=Do you know this syndrome? Chediak-Higashi syndrome |journal=An Bras Dermatol |volume=86 |issue=5 |pages=1029 |year=2011|pmid=22147054 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Churg-Strauss syndrome]]<br />
<br />
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
<br />
*[[Common Variable Immunodeficiency]]<ref name="pmid22826712">{{cite journal |author=Warnatz K, Voll RE |title=Pathogenesis of autoimmunity in common variable immunodeficiency |journal=Front Immunol |volume=3 |issue= |pages=210 |year=2012 |pmid=22826712|pmc=3399211 |doi=10.3389/fimmu.2012.00210 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Congenital Toxoplasmosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Congenital tuberculosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Cowpox]]<br />
<br />
*[[Coxsackie virus]] infections<br />
<br />
*[[Cutaneous leishmaniasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Cutaneous T cell lymphoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Cystic hygroma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Cytomegalovirus infection]]<br />
<br />
*[[Dengue]]<br />
<br />
*[[Drug reaction]]<br />
<br />
*[[Erysipelas]]<br />
<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<ref name="pmid22768436">{{cite journal |author=Goyal T, Varshney A |title=A rare presentation of erythrodermic mycosis fungoides |journal=Cutis |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=229–32, 236 |year=2012 |month=May |pmid=22768436 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Faisalabad histiocytosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]]<br />
<br />
*[[Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]]<ref name="pmid9094188">{{cite journal |author=Caballes RL, Caballes-Ponce MG, Kim DU |title=Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) |journal=Pathology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=92–5 |year=1997 |month=February |pmid=9094188 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Familial histiocytic reticulosis]]<ref>[http://www.histio.org/site/c.kiKTL4PQLvF/b.1810505/k.F16D/Disease_Information.htmDisease information] at the Histiocytosis Association of America</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Filaria]]<br />
<br />
*[[Fungal blastomycosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Gamma heavy chain disease]]<ref name="pmid22301495">{{cite journal |author=Bieliauskas S, Tubbs RR, Bacon CM, ''et al.''|title=Gamma heavy-chain disease: defining the spectrum of associated lymphoproliferative disorders through analysis of 13 cases|journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=534–43 |year=2012 |month=April |pmid=22301495|doi=10.1097/PAS.0b013e318240590a |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[German Measles]]<br />
<br />
*[[Gingivostomatitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Granuloma inguinale]]<br />
<br />
*[[Griscelli disease]]<ref name="pmid22223973">{{cite journal |author=Reddy RR, Babu BM, Venkateshwaramma B, Hymavathi Ch|title=Silvery hair syndrome in two cousins: Chediak-Higashi syndrome vs Griscelli syndrome, with rare associations |journal=Int J Trichology |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=107–11 |year=2011 |month=July |pmid=22223973 |pmc=3250006 |doi=10.4103/0974-7753.90825|url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Hairy cell leukaemia]]<br />
<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
<br />
*[[Hemangiopericytoma]]<ref name="pmid21345688">{{cite journal |author=Vilendecic M, Grahovac G, Lambasa S, Jelec V, Topic I |title=Unrecognized hemangiopericytoma of posterior cervical region with intracranial extension |journal=J Craniomaxillofac Surg |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=e51–3 |year=2012 |month=February |pmid=21345688 |doi=10.1016/j.jcms.2011.01.019 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*Hemoblastosis<ref name="pmid18494289">{{cite journal |author=Pospelova TI, Koptev VD, Volkova II, Loseva MI, Ageeva TA, Soldatova GS |title=[The stage of portal blood flow in patients with hemoblastosis combined with chronic hepatitis] |language=Russian |journal=Klin Med (Mosk) |volume=86 |issue=4 |pages=55–8 |year=2008 |pmid=18494289 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Hemophagocytic reticulosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Hepatitis A]]<br />
<br />
*[[Hepatitis B]]<br />
<br />
*[[Herpes simplex]]<br />
<br />
*[[Histiocytosis X]]<ref name="pmid22835048">{{cite journal |author=Edelbroek JR, Vermeer MH, Jansen PM, ''et al.'' |title=Langerhans cell histiocytosis first presenting in the skin in adults: frequent association with a second hematological malignancy |journal=Br J Dermatol |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22835048 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11169.x |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Histoplasmosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Hodgkin's Lymphoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome]]<br />
<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
<br />
*[[Idiopathic]]<br />
<br />
*[[Infantile papular acrodermatitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Influenza]]<br />
<br />
*[[Juvenile chronic arthritis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Large granular lymphocyte leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Lassa fever]]<br />
<br />
*[[Leishmaniasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
<br />
*[[Leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Lip cancer]]<br />
<br />
*[[Lipogranulomatosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Listeriosis]]<ref>Bennett L. Listeria monocytogenes. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 207</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Lymphangioma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Lymphatic filariasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Lymphogranuloma venereum]]<ref name="pmid22783058">{{cite journal |author=Gallegos M, Bradly D, Jakate S, Keshavarzian A |title=Lymphogranuloma venereum proctosigmoiditis is a mimicker of inflammatory bowel disease |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=18 |issue=25 |pages=3317–21 |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22783058 |pmc=3391771 |doi=10.3748/wjg.v18.i25.3317 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Lymphoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Macroglobulinemia]]<ref name="pmid22773606">{{cite journal |author=Braggio E, Philipsborn C, Novak A, Hodge L, Ansell S, Fonseca R |title=Molecular pathogenesis of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia |journal=Haematologica |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22773606 |doi=10.3324/haematol.2012.068478 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Malignant lymphoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Metastasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Mastitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Measles]]<br />
<br />
*[[Melanoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Merkel cell carcinoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Mesenteric adenitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Mumps]]<br />
<br />
*[[Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare]]<ref name="pmid22833551">{{cite journal |author=Do PC, Nussbaum E, Moua J, Chin T, Randhawa I |title=Clinical significance of respiratory isolates for Mycobacterium abscessus complex from pediatric patients |journal=Pediatr Pulmonol |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22833551 |doi=10.1002/ppul.22638 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Mycobacterium chelonae]]<br />
<br />
*[[Mycosis fungoides]]<ref name="pmid22768436">{{cite journal |author=Goyal T, Varshney A |title=A rare presentation of erythrodermic mycosis fungoides |journal=Cutis |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=229–32, 236 |year=2012 |month=May |pmid=22768436 |doi=|url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Myeloproliferative disorder]]<br />
<br />
*[[Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Onchocerciasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Opisthorchiasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor]]<br />
<br />
*[[Paracoccidioidomycosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Penicillium marneffei]]<br />
<br />
*[[Phenytoin]]<br />
<br />
*[[Pinta]]<br />
<br />
*[[Plague]]<br />
<br />
*[[Plasma cell leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Pneumoconiosis]]<br />
<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
<br />
*[[Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Protozoa]]<br />
<br />
*[[Pseudolymphoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
<br />
*[[Rat-bite fever]]<br />
<br />
*[[Reticuloendotheliosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Rhabditida Infections]]<br />
<br />
*[[Rhabdomyosarcoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Rickettsiae]]<br />
<br />
*[[Rubella]]<br />
<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Scrub typhus]]<br />
<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Sennetsu fever]]<br />
<br />
*[[Septicaemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Serum sickness]]<br />
<br />
*[[Siccardi syndrome]]<br />
<br />
*[[Sinus histiocytosis]]<ref name="pmid11835335">{{cite journal |author=Pulsoni A, Anghel G, Falcucci P, ''et al.'' |title=Treatment of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): report of a case and literature review |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=67–71 |year=2002 |month=January |pmid=11835335 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[SLE]]<br />
<br />
*[[Smallpox]]<br />
<br />
*[[Snake bite (Viperidae)]]<br />
<br />
*[[Sphingomyelinase deficiency]]<ref>NP-C Guidelines Working Group, Wraith JE, Baumgartner MR, Bembi B, Covanis A, Levade T, Mengel E, et al. Recommendations on the diagnosis and management of Niemann-Pick disease type C. Mol Genet Metab. 2009;98:152-165</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Spider bite]]<br />
<br />
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Spotted fevers]]<br />
<br />
*[[Sexually transmitted diseases]]<br />
<br />
*[[Still's Disease]] - Juvenile-Onset<br />
<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
<br />
*[[Streptococcal tonsillitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Syphilis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
<br />
*[[Systemic mastocytosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome]]<ref name="pmid6663309">{{cite journal |author=Tang LM, Hsi MS, Ryu SJ, Minauchi Y |title=Syndrome of polyneuropathy, skin hyperpigmentation, oedema and hepatosplenomegaly |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. |volume=46 |issue=12 |pages=1108–14 |year=1983 |month=December |pmid=6663309 |pmc=491776 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Three-day fever]]<ref name="pmid20304745">{{cite journal |author=Ongrádi J, Kövesdi V, Medveczky GP |title=[Human herpesvirus 6] |language=Hungarian |journal=Orv Hetil |volume=151 |issue=13 |pages=523–32 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20304745 |doi=10.1556/OH.2010.28848 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Toxoplasmosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Tularemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Typhus fever]]<br />
<br />
*[[Vaccination]]<br />
<br />
*[[Varicella]]<br />
<br />
*[[Vincent's angina]]<br />
<br />
*[[Visceral leishmaniasis]] / [[Kala-azar]]<br />
<br />
*[[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]]<ref name="pmid22773606">{{cite journal |author=Braggio E, Philipsborn C, Novak A, Hodge L, Ansell S, Fonseca R |title=Molecular pathogenesis of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia |journal=Haematologica |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22773606 |doi=10.3324/haematol.2012.068478 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Western equine encephalitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Whipple's disease]]<br />
<br />
*[[WT limb blood syndrome]]<br />
<br />
*[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]<br />
<br />
*[[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]]<br />
<br />
*[[Yaws]]<br />
<br />
*[[Yersinia pestis]]<br />
<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
===Bihilar Lymphadenopathy===<br />
The causes can divide into the four commonest:<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma]]<br />
*Other malignancies<br />
<br />
Less common causes include:<br />
*[[Churg-Strauss syndrome]]<br />
*[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Pneumoconiosis]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Inflammations]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Infectious disease]]<br />
[[Category:Hematology]]<br />
[[Category:Oncology]]<br />
[[Category:Physical examination]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Lymphadenopathy_causes&diff=882562
Lymphadenopathy causes
2013-06-12T16:01:27Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Bihilar lymphadenopathy */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Lymphadenopathy}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
* Acute [[infection]]s (e.g. [[bacterial]], or [[virus|viral]])<br />
* Chronic infections (e.g [[tuberculous lymphadenitis]], [[cat-scratch disease]]). Infectious [[mononucleosis]] is an acute viral infection, the hallmark of which is marked enlargement of the [[cervical lymph nodes]]. <br />
*[[Toxoplasmosis]], a [[parasitic disease]], gives a generalized lymphadenopathy<ref name=Status/><br />
* [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[hairy cell leukemia]], give lymphadenopathy in all or a few lymph nodes <ref name=Status> Status and anamnesis, Anders Albinsson. Page 12 </ref><br />
* [[Metastasis]]<br />
* [[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] ([[SLE]])<br />
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
* [[AIDS]] - generalized lymphadenopathy is an early sign of infection with [[human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). "Lymphadenopathy syndrome" has been used to describe the first symptomatic stage of [[HIV]] progression, preceding [[AIDS-related complex]] and full-blown [[AIDS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aproposinc.com/hap/types.htm|title=Understanding and Preventing AIDS: A Book for Everyone|author=Chris Jennings|year=1993}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Erythroderma]], [[Infantile papular acrodermatitis]], [[Melanoma]], [[Merkel cell carcinoma]], [[Mycosis fungoides]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allopurinol]], [[Atenolol ]], [[Captopril]], [[Carbamazepine ]], [[Cephalosporins]], [[Gold]],[[Hydralazine]], [[Penicillin]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Primidone]], [[Pyrimethamine]], [[Quinidine]], [[Sulfonamides]],[[Sulindac]], [[Yaws]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hepatitis A]], [[Hepatitis B]], [[Mesenteric adenitis]], [[Stomach cancer]], [[Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome]],[[Whipple's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]], [[Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]], [[Familial histiocytic reticulosis]], [[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]], [[X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]], [[Acute lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Adult T cell leukemia]], [[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]] type 1, [[Castleman's disease]], [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Cutaneous T cell lymphoma]],[[Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]], [[Familial histiocytic reticulosis]], [[Faisalabad histiocytosis]], [[Gamma heavy chain disease]], [[Hairy cell leukaemia]], Hemoblastosis, [[Hemophagocytic reticulosis]], [[Histiocytosis X]],[[Hodgkin's Lymphoma]], [[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome]], [[Large granular lymphocyte leukemia]],[[Leukemia]], [[Lipogranulomatosis]], [[Lymphangioma]], [[Lymphoma]], [[Macroglobulinemia]], [[Myeloproliferative disorder]],[[Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma]], Primary [[autoimmune haemolytic anaemia]], [[Plasma cell leukemia]], [[Reticuloendotheliosis]],[[Sinus histiocytosis]], [[Systemic mastocytosis]], [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]], [[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]],[[X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]], [[WT limb blood syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| '''Bacteria''':<br />
[[Anthrax]], [[Borrelia burgdorferi]], [[Boutonneuse fever]], [[Brucellosis]], [[Cat scratch disease]], [[Congenital tuberculosis]], [[Erysipelas]], [[Granuloma inguinale]], [[Lepromatous leprosy]], [[Listeriosis]], [[Lymphogranuloma venereum]],[[Mastitis]], [[Moraxella catarrhalis]], [[Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare]], [[Mycobacterium chelonei]], [[Pinta]],[[Plague]], [[Rat-bite fever]], [[Rickettsiae]], [[Scrub typhus]], [[Sennetsu fever]], [[Septicaemia]], [[Spotted fevers]],[[Streptococcal tonsillitis]], [[Syphilis]], [[Three-day fever]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Tularemia]], [[Typhus fever]], [[Vincent's angina]], [[Yersinia pestis]]<br />
<br />
'''Virus''':<br />
<br />
[[AIDS]], [[Cowpox]], [[Coxsackie virus]], [[Cytomegalovirus infection]], [[Dengue]], [[German Measles]]/[[Rubella]], [[Hepatitis A]], [[Hepatitis B]], [[Herpes simplex]], [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Influenza]], [[Lassa fever]], [[Measles]], [[Mumps]],[[Smallpox]], [[Varicella]], [[Western equine encephalitis]]<br />
<br />
'''Fungal''':<br />
<br />
[[Coccidioidomycosis]], [[Blastomycosis]], [[Histoplasmosis]], [[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
<br />
'''Parasitic''':<br />
<br />
[[African Sleeping sickness]], [[Chagas' disease]], [[Congenital Toxoplasmosis]], [[Filaria]], [[Lymphatic filariasis]],[[Onchocerciasis]], [[Opisthorchiasis]], [[Paracoccidioidomycosis]], [[Rhabditida Infections]], [[Toxoplasmosis]],[[Trypanosomiasis]], [[Visceral leishmaniasis]] /[[Kala-azar]], [[Wuchereria bancrofti]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Juvenile chronic arthritis]], [[WT limb blood syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Apo A-I deficiency]], [[Sphingomyelinase deficiency]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]], [[Acute lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Adult T cell leukemia]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Hemangiopericytoma]], [[Lip cancer]], [[Malignant lymphoma]], [[Melanoma]], [[Metastasis]], [[Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma]], [[Pancoast tumor]], [[Pseudolymphoma]],[[Rhabdomyosarcoma]], [[Stomach cancer]], [[Cutaneous T cell lymphoma]], [[Hairy cell leukaemia]], [[Hodgkin's Lymphoma]],[[Large granular lymphocyte leukemia]], [[Lymphoma]], [[Plasma cell leukemia]], [[Merkel cell carcinoma]], [[Mycosis fungoides]],[[WT limb blood syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Pneumoconiosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy]], [[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]] type 1, [[Caspase-8 deficiency]], [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome]], [[Churg-Strauss syndrome]], [[Common Variable Immunodeficiency]], [[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Griscelli disease]], Primary [[autoimmune haemolytic anaemia]], [[Rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Serum sickness]], [[Siccardi syndrome]], [[Still's Disease]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]/[[SLE]], [[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[Aphthous stomatitis]], [[Bejel]], [[Black widow spider envenomation]], [[Cystic hygroma]],[[Gingivostomatitis]], [[Idiopathic]], [[Radiotherapy]], [[Snake bite]] (Viperidae), [[Spider bite]], [[Vaccination]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Acute lymphocytic leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Adult T cell leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[African Sleeping sickness]]<ref name="pmid21901632">{{cite journal |author=Blum JA, Neumayr AL, Hatz CF |title=Human African trypanosomiasis in endemic populations and travellers |journal=Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. |volume=31 |issue=6|pages=905–13 |year=2012 |month=June |pmid=21901632 |doi=10.1007/s10096-011-1403-y |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[AIDS]]<ref name="pmid22716315">{{cite journal |author=Beukes CA, Thiart J |title=The incidence of human herpes virus-8 expression in lymph node biopsies from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients |journal=Histopathology |volume= |issue=|pages= |year=2012 |month=April |pmid=22716315 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04291.x |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Amyloidosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy]]<ref name="pmid21821991">{{cite journal |author=Mitsuhashi K, Shiseki M, Ishiyama M, ''et al.'' |title=[Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with marked polyclonal plasmacytosis in peripheral blood and bone marrow mimicking plasma cell leukemia] |language=Japanese |journal=Rinsho Ketsueki |volume=52 |issue=7 |pages=563–9 |year=2011|month=July |pmid=21821991 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Anthrax]]<br />
<br />
*[[Aphthous stomatitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Apo A-I deficiency]]<ref name="pmid22271127">{{cite journal |author=Simonelli S, Gianazza E, Mombelli G, ''et al.''|title=Severe high-density lipoprotein deficiency associated with autoantibodies against lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase in non-Hodgkin lymphoma |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=172 |issue=2 |pages=179–81 |year=2012 |month=January |pmid=22271127|doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2011.661 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]] type 1<ref name="pmid22752343">{{cite journal |author=Simesen de Bielke MG, Yancoski J, Rocco C, ''et al.'' |title=A Missense Mutation in the Extracellular Domain of Fas: The Most Common Change in Argentinean Patients with Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Represents a Founder Effect |journal=J Clin Immunol |volume= |issue=|pages= |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22752343 |doi=10.1007/s10875-012-9731-y |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Bejel]]<br />
<br />
*[[Black widow spider envenomation]]<br />
<br />
*[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]<br />
<br />
*[[Boutonneuse fever]]<ref name="pmid22511280">{{cite journal |author=Schleenvoigt BT, Keller P, Stallmach A, Pletz MW |title=[African tick bite fever--rickettsiosis after holiday in South Africa] |language=German |journal=Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr.|volume=137 |issue=17 |pages=891–3 |year=2012 |month=April |pmid=22511280 |doi=10.1055/s-0032-1304902 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Breast cancer]]<br />
<br />
*[[Brucellosis]]<ref name="pmid22812616">{{cite journal |author=Roushan MR, Amiri MJ |title=Update on Childhood Brucellosis|journal=Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22812616 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Caspase-8 deficiency]]<br />
<br />
*[[Castleman's disease]]<ref name="pmid22791417">{{cite journal |author=Dispenzieri A, Armitage JO, Loe MJ, ''et al.'' |title=The clinical spectrum of Castleman's disease |journal=Am J Hematol |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=June |pmid=22791417|doi=10.1002/ajh.23291 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Cat scratch disease]]<ref name="pmid22358366">{{cite journal |author=Chondrogiannis K, Vezakis A, Derpapas M, Melemeni A, Fragulidis G |title=Seronegative cat-scratch disease diagnosed by PCR detection of Bartonella henselae DNA in lymph node samples|journal=Braz J Infect Dis |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=96–9 |year=2012 |pmid=22358366 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Chagas' disease]]<br />
<br />
*[[Chediak-Higashi syndrome]]<ref name="pmid22223973">{{cite journal |author=Reddy RR, Babu BM, Venkateshwaramma B, Hymavathi Ch|title=Silvery hair syndrome in two cousins: Chediak-Higashi syndrome vs Griscelli syndrome, with rare associations |journal=Int J Trichology |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=107–11 |year=2011 |month=July |pmid=22223973 |pmc=3250006 |doi=10.4103/0974-7753.90825|url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22147054">{{cite journal |author=Fantinato GT, Cestari Sda C, Afonso JP, Sousa LS, Enokihara MM|title=Do you know this syndrome? Chediak-Higashi syndrome |journal=An Bras Dermatol |volume=86 |issue=5 |pages=1029 |year=2011|pmid=22147054 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Churg-Strauss syndrome]]<br />
<br />
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
<br />
*[[Common Variable Immunodeficiency]]<ref name="pmid22826712">{{cite journal |author=Warnatz K, Voll RE |title=Pathogenesis of autoimmunity in common variable immunodeficiency |journal=Front Immunol |volume=3 |issue= |pages=210 |year=2012 |pmid=22826712|pmc=3399211 |doi=10.3389/fimmu.2012.00210 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Congenital Toxoplasmosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Congenital tuberculosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Cowpox]]<br />
<br />
*[[Coxsackie virus]] infections<br />
<br />
*[[Cutaneous leishmaniasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Cutaneous T cell lymphoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Cystic hygroma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Cytomegalovirus infection]]<br />
<br />
*[[Dengue]]<br />
<br />
*[[Drug reaction]]<br />
<br />
*[[Erysipelas]]<br />
<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<ref name="pmid22768436">{{cite journal |author=Goyal T, Varshney A |title=A rare presentation of erythrodermic mycosis fungoides |journal=Cutis |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=229–32, 236 |year=2012 |month=May |pmid=22768436 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Faisalabad histiocytosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]]<br />
<br />
*[[Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]]<ref name="pmid9094188">{{cite journal |author=Caballes RL, Caballes-Ponce MG, Kim DU |title=Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) |journal=Pathology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=92–5 |year=1997 |month=February |pmid=9094188 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Familial histiocytic reticulosis]]<ref>[http://www.histio.org/site/c.kiKTL4PQLvF/b.1810505/k.F16D/Disease_Information.htmDisease information] at the Histiocytosis Association of America</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Filaria]]<br />
<br />
*[[Fungal blastomycosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Gamma heavy chain disease]]<ref name="pmid22301495">{{cite journal |author=Bieliauskas S, Tubbs RR, Bacon CM, ''et al.''|title=Gamma heavy-chain disease: defining the spectrum of associated lymphoproliferative disorders through analysis of 13 cases|journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=534–43 |year=2012 |month=April |pmid=22301495|doi=10.1097/PAS.0b013e318240590a |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[German Measles]]<br />
<br />
*[[Gingivostomatitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Granuloma inguinale]]<br />
<br />
*[[Griscelli disease]]<ref name="pmid22223973">{{cite journal |author=Reddy RR, Babu BM, Venkateshwaramma B, Hymavathi Ch|title=Silvery hair syndrome in two cousins: Chediak-Higashi syndrome vs Griscelli syndrome, with rare associations |journal=Int J Trichology |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=107–11 |year=2011 |month=July |pmid=22223973 |pmc=3250006 |doi=10.4103/0974-7753.90825|url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Hairy cell leukaemia]]<br />
<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
<br />
*[[Hemangiopericytoma]]<ref name="pmid21345688">{{cite journal |author=Vilendecic M, Grahovac G, Lambasa S, Jelec V, Topic I |title=Unrecognized hemangiopericytoma of posterior cervical region with intracranial extension |journal=J Craniomaxillofac Surg |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=e51–3 |year=2012 |month=February |pmid=21345688 |doi=10.1016/j.jcms.2011.01.019 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*Hemoblastosis<ref name="pmid18494289">{{cite journal |author=Pospelova TI, Koptev VD, Volkova II, Loseva MI, Ageeva TA, Soldatova GS |title=[The stage of portal blood flow in patients with hemoblastosis combined with chronic hepatitis] |language=Russian |journal=Klin Med (Mosk) |volume=86 |issue=4 |pages=55–8 |year=2008 |pmid=18494289 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Hemophagocytic reticulosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Hepatitis A]]<br />
<br />
*[[Hepatitis B]]<br />
<br />
*[[Herpes simplex]]<br />
<br />
*[[Histiocytosis X]]<ref name="pmid22835048">{{cite journal |author=Edelbroek JR, Vermeer MH, Jansen PM, ''et al.'' |title=Langerhans cell histiocytosis first presenting in the skin in adults: frequent association with a second hematological malignancy |journal=Br J Dermatol |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22835048 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11169.x |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Histoplasmosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Hodgkin's Lymphoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome]]<br />
<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
<br />
*[[Idiopathic]]<br />
<br />
*[[Infantile papular acrodermatitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Influenza]]<br />
<br />
*[[Juvenile chronic arthritis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Large granular lymphocyte leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Lassa fever]]<br />
<br />
*[[Leishmaniasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
<br />
*[[Leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Lip cancer]]<br />
<br />
*[[Lipogranulomatosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Listeriosis]]<ref>Bennett L. Listeria monocytogenes. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 207</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Lymphangioma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Lymphatic filariasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Lymphogranuloma venereum]]<ref name="pmid22783058">{{cite journal |author=Gallegos M, Bradly D, Jakate S, Keshavarzian A |title=Lymphogranuloma venereum proctosigmoiditis is a mimicker of inflammatory bowel disease |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=18 |issue=25 |pages=3317–21 |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22783058 |pmc=3391771 |doi=10.3748/wjg.v18.i25.3317 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Lymphoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Macroglobulinemia]]<ref name="pmid22773606">{{cite journal |author=Braggio E, Philipsborn C, Novak A, Hodge L, Ansell S, Fonseca R |title=Molecular pathogenesis of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia |journal=Haematologica |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22773606 |doi=10.3324/haematol.2012.068478 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Malignant lymphoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Metastasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Mastitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Measles]]<br />
<br />
*[[Melanoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Merkel cell carcinoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Mesenteric adenitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Mumps]]<br />
<br />
*[[Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare]]<ref name="pmid22833551">{{cite journal |author=Do PC, Nussbaum E, Moua J, Chin T, Randhawa I |title=Clinical significance of respiratory isolates for Mycobacterium abscessus complex from pediatric patients |journal=Pediatr Pulmonol |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22833551 |doi=10.1002/ppul.22638 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Mycobacterium chelonae]]<br />
<br />
*[[Mycosis fungoides]]<ref name="pmid22768436">{{cite journal |author=Goyal T, Varshney A |title=A rare presentation of erythrodermic mycosis fungoides |journal=Cutis |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=229–32, 236 |year=2012 |month=May |pmid=22768436 |doi=|url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Myeloproliferative disorder]]<br />
<br />
*[[Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Onchocerciasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Opisthorchiasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor]]<br />
<br />
*[[Paracoccidioidomycosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Penicillium marneffei]]<br />
<br />
*[[Phenytoin]]<br />
<br />
*[[Pinta]]<br />
<br />
*[[Plague]]<br />
<br />
*[[Plasma cell leukemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Pneumoconiosis]]<br />
<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
<br />
*[[Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Protozoa]]<br />
<br />
*[[Pseudolymphoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
<br />
*[[Rat-bite fever]]<br />
<br />
*[[Reticuloendotheliosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Rhabditida Infections]]<br />
<br />
*[[Rhabdomyosarcoma]]<br />
<br />
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Rickettsiae]]<br />
<br />
*[[Rubella]]<br />
<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Scrub typhus]]<br />
<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Sennetsu fever]]<br />
<br />
*[[Septicaemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Serum sickness]]<br />
<br />
*[[Siccardi syndrome]]<br />
<br />
*[[Sinus histiocytosis]]<ref name="pmid11835335">{{cite journal |author=Pulsoni A, Anghel G, Falcucci P, ''et al.'' |title=Treatment of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): report of a case and literature review |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=67–71 |year=2002 |month=January |pmid=11835335 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[SLE]]<br />
<br />
*[[Smallpox]]<br />
<br />
*[[Snake bite (Viperidae)]]<br />
<br />
*[[Sphingomyelinase deficiency]]<ref>NP-C Guidelines Working Group, Wraith JE, Baumgartner MR, Bembi B, Covanis A, Levade T, Mengel E, et al. Recommendations on the diagnosis and management of Niemann-Pick disease type C. Mol Genet Metab. 2009;98:152-165</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Spider bite]]<br />
<br />
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Spotted fevers]]<br />
<br />
*[[Sexually transmitted diseases]]<br />
<br />
*[[Still's Disease]] - Juvenile-Onset<br />
<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
<br />
*[[Streptococcal tonsillitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Syphilis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
<br />
*[[Systemic mastocytosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome]]<ref name="pmid6663309">{{cite journal |author=Tang LM, Hsi MS, Ryu SJ, Minauchi Y |title=Syndrome of polyneuropathy, skin hyperpigmentation, oedema and hepatosplenomegaly |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. |volume=46 |issue=12 |pages=1108–14 |year=1983 |month=December |pmid=6663309 |pmc=491776 |doi= |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Three-day fever]]<ref name="pmid20304745">{{cite journal |author=Ongrádi J, Kövesdi V, Medveczky GP |title=[Human herpesvirus 6] |language=Hungarian |journal=Orv Hetil |volume=151 |issue=13 |pages=523–32 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20304745 |doi=10.1556/OH.2010.28848 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Toxoplasmosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Tularemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[Typhus fever]]<br />
<br />
*[[Vaccination]]<br />
<br />
*[[Varicella]]<br />
<br />
*[[Vincent's angina]]<br />
<br />
*[[Visceral leishmaniasis]] / [[Kala-azar]]<br />
<br />
*[[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]]<ref name="pmid22773606">{{cite journal |author=Braggio E, Philipsborn C, Novak A, Hodge L, Ansell S, Fonseca R |title=Molecular pathogenesis of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia |journal=Haematologica |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22773606 |doi=10.3324/haematol.2012.068478 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
*[[Western equine encephalitis]]<br />
<br />
*[[Whipple's disease]]<br />
<br />
*[[WT limb blood syndrome]]<br />
<br />
*[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]<br />
<br />
*[[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]]<br />
<br />
*[[X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]]<br />
<br />
*[[Yaws]]<br />
<br />
*[[Yersinia pestis]]<br />
<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
===Bihilar Lymphadenopathy===<br />
The causes can divide into the four commonest:<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma]]<br />
*Other malignancies<br />
<br />
Less common causes include:<br />
*[[Churg-Strauss syndrome]]<br />
*[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Pneumoconiosis]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Inflammations]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Infectious disease]]<br />
[[Category:Hematology]]<br />
[[Category:Oncology]]<br />
[[Category:Physical examination]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Leukocyturia&diff=882554
Leukocyturia
2013-06-12T15:56:16Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: /* Asceptic Leukocyturia */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Leukocyturia''' is the presence of white blood cells in the urine. <br />
<br />
==Causes== <br />
<br />
In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
=== Aseptic Leukocyturia ===<br />
* Acute [[fever]]<br />
* [[Chlamydia]]<br />
* Chronic interstitial [[nephritis]]<br />
* [[Gonococcus]]<br />
* [[Herpes virus]]es<br />
* [[Mycoplasma]]<br />
* [[Prostatitis]]<br />
* Sample contamination<br />
* [[Urinary stone]]<br />
* Urinary tract tumor<br />
* Urogenital [[tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Urinary tract infection]]<br />
* Vaginal discharge<br />
<br />
=== Leukocyturia + Bacterial Growth ===<br />
* [[Urinary Tract Infection]] (UTI)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Blood tests]]<br />
[[Category:Urine tests]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Kalsang Dolma
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Leukocyturia&diff=882553
Leukocyturia
2013-06-12T15:54:42Z
<p>Kalsang Dolma: </p>
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<div>__NOTOC__<br />
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==Overview==<br />
'''Leukocyturia''' is the presence of white blood cells in the urine. <br />
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==Causes== <br />
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In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><br />
=== Asceptic Leukocyturia ===<br />
* Acute [[fever]]<br />
* [[Chlamydia]]<br />
* Chronic interstitial [[nephritis]]<br />
* [[Gonococcus]]<br />
* [[Herpes virus]]es<br />
* [[Mycoplasma]]<br />
* [[Prostatitis]]<br />
* Sample contamination<br />
* [[Urinary stone]]<br />
* Urinary tract tumor<br />
* Urogenital [[tuberculosis]]<br />
* [[Urinary tract infection]]<br />
* Vaginal discharge<br />
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=== Leukocyturia + Bacterial Growth ===<br />
* [[Urinary Tract Infection]] (UTI)<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Blood tests]]<br />
[[Category:Urine tests]]<br />
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