Major basic protein

2018-09-22T08:50:39Z

2601:640:C400:38A3:C996:3F20:B4B1:3529: closing bold

{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Eosinophil Major basic protein''', often shortened to Major basic protein (MBP) (also called Proteoglycan 2(PRG2)) in humans is encoded by the ''PRG2'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRG2 proteoglycan 2, bone marrow (natural killer cell activator, eosinophil granule major basic protein)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5553| accessdate = }}</ref>

== Function ==

The protein encoded by this gene is the predominant constituent of the crystalline core of the [[eosinophil]] granule. High levels of the proform of this protein are also present in placenta and pregnancy serum, where it exists as a complex with several other proteins including pregnancy-associated plasma protein A ([[pregnancy-associated plasma protein A|PAPPA]]), angiotensinogen ([[angiotensin|AGT]]), and C3dg. This protein may be involved in antiparasitic defense mechanisms as a [[cytotoxin]] and [[helminthotoxin]], and in immune hypersensitivity reactions. It is directly implicated in epithelial cell damage, [[exfoliation (cosmetology)|exfoliation]], and [[bronchospasm]] in allergic diseases.<ref name="entrez"/>

PRG2 is a 117-residue protein that predominates in [[eosinophil]] granules. It is a potent enzyme against [[helminths]] and is toxic towards bacteria and mammalian cells ''in vitro''. The [[eosinophil]] major basic protein also causes the release of [[histamine]] from [[mast cells]] and [[basophils]], and activates [[neutrophils]] and alveolar [[macrophages]].

== Structure ==

Structurally the major basic protein (MBP) is similar to [[lectins]] (sugar-binding proteins), and has a fold similar to that seen in C-type lectins. However, unlike other C-type lectins (those that bind various [[carbohydrates]] in the presence of [[calcium]]), MBP does not bind either calcium or any of the other carbohydrates that this family recognize.

Instead, MBP recognises [[heparan sulfate]] [[proteoglycans]]. Two crystallographic structures of MBP have been determined.<ref name="pmid11319227">{{PDB|1h8u}}; {{cite journal |vauthors=Swaminathan GJ, Weaver AJ, Loegering DA, Checkel JL, Leonidas DD, Gleich GJ, Acharya KR | title = Crystal structure of the eosinophil major basic protein at 1.8 A. An atypical lectin with a paradigm shift in specificity | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 28 | pages = 26197–26203 |date=July 2001 | pmid = 11319227 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M100848200 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid16245931">{{PDB|2brs}}; {{cite journal |vauthors=Swaminathan GJ, Myszka DG, Katsamba PS, Ohnuki LE, Gleich GJ, Acharya KR | title = Eosinophil-granule major basic protein, a C-type lectin, binds heparin | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 44 | issue = 43 | pages = 14152–14158 |date=November 2005 | pmid = 16245931 | doi = 10.1021/bi051112b | url = | issn = }}</ref>

==Interactions==
Major basic protein has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A]].<ref name=pmid10913121>{{cite journal |last=Overgaard |first=M T |authorlink= |author2=Haaning J |author3=Boldt H B |author4=Olsen I M |author5=Laursen L S |author6=Christiansen M |author7=Gleich G J |author8=Sottrup-Jensen L |author9=Conover C A |author10=Oxvig C |date=October 2000 |title=Expression of recombinant human pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and identification of the proform of eosinophil major basic protein as its physiological inhibitor |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue=40 |pages=31128–31133 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0021-9258| pmid = 10913121 |doi = 10.1074/jbc.M001384200 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref><ref name=pmid12421832>{{cite journal |vauthors = Overgaard MT, Sorensen ES, Stachowiak D, Boldt HB, Kristensen L, Sottrup-Jensen L, Oxvig C |date=January 2003 |title=Complex of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and the proform of eosinophil major basic protein. Disulfide structure and carbohydrate attachment |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue=4 |pages=2106–2117 |publisher= |location = United States| issn = 0021-9258| pmid = 12421832 |doi = 10.1074/jbc.M208777200 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref><ref name=pmid7685339>{{cite journal |last=Oxvig |first=C |authorlink= |author2=Sand O |author3=Kristensen T |author4=Gleich G J |author5=Sottrup-Jensen L |date=June 1993 |title=Circulating human pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A is disulfide-bridged to the proform of eosinophil major basic protein |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue=17 |pages=12243–6 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0021-9258| pmid = 7685339 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref>

==See also==
[[arylsulfatase]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{MeshName|Eosinophil+Major+Basic+Protein}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Vanhaesebroeck B, Alessi DR |title=The PI3K-PDK1 connection: more than just a road to PKB |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=346 |issue= 3|pages= 561–76 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10698680 |doi= 10.1042/0264-6021:3460561| pmc=1220886 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yoshimatsu K |title=Purification and cDNA cloning of a novel factor produced by a human T-cell hybridoma: sequence homology with animal lectins |journal=Mol. Immunol. |volume=29 |issue= 4 |pages= 537–546 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1565101 |doi=10.1016/0161-5890(92)90012-M |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Ohya Y | author3=Shikata Y | display-authors=3 | last4=Toshio | first4=S | last5=Yoshikazu | first5=H | last6=Isao | first6=T | last7=Tamio | first7=K | last8=Kyousuke | first8=K | last9=Satoshi | first9=T }}
*{{cite journal | author=Barker RL |title=Cloning and sequence analysis of the human gene encoding eosinophil major basic protein |journal=Gene |volume=86 |issue= 2 |pages= 285–289 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2323577 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(90)90292-Y |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Loegering DA | author3=Arakawa KC | display-authors=3 | last4=Pease | first4=Larry R. | last5=Gleich | first5=Gerald J. }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gabay JE |title=Antibiotic proteins of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=86 |issue= 14 |pages= 5610–5614 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2501794 |doi=10.1073/pnas.86.14.5610 | pmc=297672 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Scott RW | author3=Campanelli D | display-authors=3 | last4=Griffith | first4=J | last5=Wilde | first5=C | last6=Marra | first6=MN | last7=Seeger | first7=M | last8=Nathan | first8=CF |bibcode=1989PNAS...86.5610G}}
*{{cite journal | author=Wasmoen TL |title=Evidence of eosinophil granule major basic protein in human placenta |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=170 |issue= 6 |pages= 2051–2063 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2584934 |doi=10.1084/jem.170.6.2051 | pmc=2189540 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=McKean DJ | author3=Benirschke K | display-authors=3 | last4=Coulam | first4=CB | last5=Gleich | first5=GJ }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Barker RL, Gleich GJ, Pease LR |title=Acidic precursor revealed in human eosinophil granule major basic protein cDNA |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=168 |issue= 4 |pages= 1493–1498 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3171483 |doi=10.1084/jem.168.4.1493 | pmc=2189086 }}
*{{cite journal | author=McGrogan M |title=Isolation of a complementary DNA clone encoding a precursor to human eosinophil major basic protein |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=168 |issue= 6 |pages= 2295–2308 |year= 1989 |pmid= 3199069 |doi=10.1084/jem.168.6.2295 | pmc=2189145 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Simonsen C | author3=Scott R | display-authors=3 | last4=Griffith | first4=J | last5=Ellis | first5=N | last6=Kennedy | first6=J | last7=Campanelli | first7=D | last8=Nathan | first8=C | last9=Gabay | first9=J }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wasmoen TL |title=Biochemical and amino acid sequence analysis of human eosinophil granule major basic protein |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=263 |issue= 25 |pages= 12559–63 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3410852 |doi= |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Bell MP | author3=Loegering DA | display-authors=3 | last4=Gleich | first4=GJ | last5=Prendergast | first5=FG | last6=McKean | first6=DJ }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Weller PF, Ackerman SJ, Smith JA |title=Eosinophil granule cationic proteins: major basic protein is distinct from the smaller subunit of eosinophil peroxidase |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=43 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–4 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3422083 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kristensen T |title=Amino acid sequence of human pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A derived from cloned cDNA |journal=Biochemistry |volume=33 |issue= 6 |pages= 1592–1598 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7508748 |doi=10.1021/bi00172a040 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Oxvig C | author3=Sand O | display-authors=3 | last4=Hundahl Moeller | first4=Niels Peter | last5=Sottrup-Jensen | first5=Lars }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Oxvig C, Haaning J, Højrup P, Sottrup-Jensen L |title=Location and nature of carbohydrate groups in proform of human major basic protein isolated from pregnancy serum |journal=Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. |volume=33 |issue= 2 |pages= 329–36 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7524900 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bonno M |title=Localization of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and colocalization of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A messenger ribonucleic acid and eosinophil granule major basic protein messenger ribonucleic acid in placenta |journal=Lab. Invest. |volume=71 |issue= 4 |pages= 560–6 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7526035 |doi= |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Oxvig C | author3=Kephart GM | display-authors=3 | last4=Wagner | first4=JM | last5=Kristensen | first5=T | last6=Sottrup-Jensen | first6=L | last7=Gleich | first7=GJ }}
*{{cite journal | author=Li MS |title=Human eosinophil major basic protein, a mediator of allergic inflammation, is expressed by alternative splicing from two promoters |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=305 |issue= 3|pages= 921–7 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7531438 |doi= | pmc=1136346 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Sun L | author3=Satoh T | display-authors=3 | last4=Fisher | first4=LM | last5=Spry | first5=CJ }}
*{{cite journal | author=Oxvig C |title=Identification of angiotensinogen and complement C3dg as novel proteins binding the proform of eosinophil major basic protein in human pregnancy serum and plasma |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 23 |pages= 13645–13651 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7539791 |doi=10.1074/jbc.270.23.13645 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Haaning J | author3=Kristensen L | display-authors=3 | last4=Wagner | first4=JM | last5=Rubin | first5=I | last6=Stigbrand | first6=T | last7=Gleich | first7=GJ | last8=Sottrup-Jensen | first8=L }}
*{{cite journal | author=Oxvig C |title=Circulating human pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A is disulfide-bridged to the proform of eosinophil major basic protein |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue= 17 |pages= 12243–6 |year= 1993 |pmid= 7685339 |doi= |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Sand O | author3=Kristensen T | display-authors=3 | last4=Gleich | first4=GJ | last5=Sottrup-Jensen | first5=L }}
*{{cite journal | author=Levi-Schaffer F |title=Association of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor with the crystalloid granules of human eosinophils |journal=Blood |volume=85 |issue= 9 |pages= 2579–86 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7727786 |doi= |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Lacy P | author3=Severs NJ | display-authors=3 | last4=Newman | first4=TM | last5=North | first5=J | last6=Gomperts | first6=B | last7=Kay | first7=AB | last8=Moqbel | first8=R }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Oxvig C, Gleich GJ, Sottrup-Jensen L |title=Localization of disulfide bridges and free sulfhydryl groups in human eosinophil granule major basic protein |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=341 |issue= 2–3 |pages= 213–217 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8137941 |doi=10.1016/0014-5793(94)80459-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Shikata Y |title=Pro-major basic protein has three types of sugar chains at the pro-portion |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1163 |issue= 3 |pages= 243–9 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8507662 |doi=10.1016/0167-4838(93)90158-N |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Hayashi Y | author3=Yoshimatsu K | display-authors=3 | last4=Ohya | first4=Y | last5=Seto | first5=T | last6=Fukushima | first6=K | last7=Yoshida | first7=Y }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nittoh T |title=Cloning of cDNA for rat eosinophil major basic protein |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1264 |issue= 3 |pages= 261–4 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8547309 |doi= 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00183-2 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Watanabe M | author3=Okayama H | display-authors=3 | last4=Misawa | first4=S | last5=Isobe | first5=Y | last6=Hayashi | first6=H | last7=Mue | first7=S | last8=Ohuchi | first8=K }}
*{{cite journal | author=Delcommenne M |title=Phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase-dependent regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein kinase B/AKT by the integrin-linked kinase |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=95 |issue= 19 |pages= 11211–11216 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9736715 |doi=10.1073/pnas.95.19.11211 | pmc=21621 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Tan C | author3=Gray V | display-authors=3 | last4=Rue | first4=L | last5=Woodgett | first5=J | last6=Dedhar | first6=S |bibcode=1998PNAS...9511211D}}
}}
{{refend}}
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[[Category:Human proteins]]

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Major basic protein