Xanthoma: Difference between revisions

	Xanthoma;
	Photograph of patient's hands showing multiple xanthoma tendinosum. Kumar et al. Cases Journal 2008
ICD-10	E78.2 (ILDS E78.280), K13.4
ICD-9	272.2
DiseasesDB	28524
MeSH	D014973

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Revision as of 21:41, 13 September 2011

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

A xanthoma (or xanthomata or xanthomatosis) (from Greek xanthos, ξανθος, "yellow") is a deposition of yellowish cholesterol-rich material in tendons and other body parts in various disease states:

Tendon xanthomas (associated with familial hypercholesterolemia, cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis and phytosterolemia]
Palmar xanthomas
Eruptive xanthomas
Tubo-eruptive xanthoma
Xanthoma tuberosum

Types

Xanthelasma

A xanthelasma is a sharply demarcated yellowish collection of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around the eyelids. Strictly, a xanthelasma is a distinct condition, only being called a xanthoma when becoming larger and nodular, assuming tumorous proportions.^[1] Still, it is often classified simply as a subtype of xanthoma.^[2]

Xanthoma tuberosum

Xanthoma tuberosum is characterized by xanthomas located over the joints.^[3]^:530

Xanthoma tendinosum

Xanthoma tendinosum (also known as "Tendinous xanthoma"^[4]) is clinically characterized by papules and nodules found in the tendons of the hands.^[3]^:531

Eruptive xanthoma

Eruptive xanthoma (ILDS E78.220) is clinically characterized by small, yellowish-orange to reddish-brown papules that appear all over the body.^[3]^:531

Xanthoma planum

Xanthoma planum (ILDS D76.370), also known as "Plane xanthoma", is clinically characterized by macules and plaques spread diffusely over large areas of the body.^[3]^:531

Palmar xanthoma

Palmar xanthoma is clinically characterized by yellowish plaques that involve the palms and flexural surfaces of the fingers.^[3]^:531 Plane xanthomas are characterised by yellowish to orange, flat macules or slightly elevated plaques, often with a central white area which may be localised or generalised. They often arise in the skin folds, especially the palmar creases. They occur in hyperlipoproteinaemia type III and type IIA, and in association with biliary cirrhosis. The presence of palmar xanthomata, like the presence of tendinous xanthomata, is indicative of hypercholesterolaemia.

Tuberoeruptive xanthoma

Tuberoeruptive xanthoma (ILDS E78.210) is clinically characterized by red papules and nodules that appear inflamed and tend to coalesce.^[3]^:532 Tuberous xanthomas are considered similar, and within the same disease spectrum as tuberoeruptive xanthomas.^[4]

Differential Diagnosis of Underlying Causes of Xanthoma

In alphabetical order. ^[5] ^[6]

References

↑ Shields, Carol; Shields, Jerry (2008). Eyelid, conjunctival, and orbital tumors: atlas and textbook. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7578-7.
↑ thefreedictionary.com > xanthelasma Citing: The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004 and Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. pp. 1415–16. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 * Tubo-eruptive xanthoma
 * Xanthoma tuberosum
+==Types==
+===Xanthelasma===
+{{Main|Xanthelasma}}
+A [[xanthelasma]] is a sharply demarcated yellowish collection of [[cholesterol]] underneath the skin, usually on or around the [[eyelids]]. Strictly, a xanthelasma is a distinct condition, only being called a xanthoma when becoming larger and nodular, assuming tumorous proportions.<ref>{{cite book |author=Shields, Carol; Shields, Jerry |title=Eyelid, conjunctival, and orbital tumors: atlas and textbook |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstwon, MD |year=2008 |pages= |isbn=0-7817-7578-7 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> Still, it is often classified simply as a subtype of ''xanthoma''.<ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/xanthelasma thefreedictionary.com > xanthelasma] Citing: The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004 and Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009</ref>
+===Xanthoma tuberosum===
+''Xanthoma tuberosum'' is characterized by xanthomas located over the joints.<ref name="Andrews"/>{{rp|530}}
+===Xanthoma tendinosum===
+''Xanthoma tendinosum'' (also known as "Tendinous xanthoma"<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages=1415–16  |isbn=1-4160-2999-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>) is clinically characterized by [[papule]]s and nodules found in the tendons of the hands.<ref name="Andrews"/>{{rp|531}}
+===Eruptive xanthoma===
+''Eruptive xanthoma'' ([[ILDS]] E78.220) is clinically characterized by small, yellowish-orange to reddish-brown [[papule]]s that appear all over the body.<ref name="Andrews"/>{{rp|531}}
+===Xanthoma planum===
+''Xanthoma planum'' ([[ILDS]] D76.370), also known as "Plane xanthoma", is clinically characterized by [[macule]]s and plaques spread diffusely over large areas of the body.<ref name="Andrews"/>{{rp|531}}
+===Palmar xanthoma===
+''Palmar xanthoma'' is clinically characterized by yellowish plaques that involve the palms and flexural surfaces of the fingers.<ref name="Andrews"/>{{rp|531}} Plane xanthomas are characterised by yellowish to orange, flat macules or slightly elevated plaques, often with a central white area which may be localised or generalised. They often arise in the skin folds, especially the palmar creases. They occur in hyperlipoproteinaemia type III and type IIA, and in association with biliary cirrhosis. The presence of palmar xanthomata, like the presence of tendinous xanthomata, is indicative of hypercholesterolaemia.
+===Tuberoeruptive xanthoma===
+''Tuberoeruptive xanthoma'' ([[ILDS]] E78.210) is clinically characterized by red [[papule]]s and nodules that appear inflamed and tend to coalesce.<ref name="Andrews"/>{{rp|532}}  Tuberous xanthomas are considered similar, and within the same disease spectrum as tuberoeruptive xanthomas.<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages=1414,1415 |isbn=1-4160-2999-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>
 ==Differential Diagnosis of Underlying Causes of Xanthoma==