Valvular heart disease echocardiography or ultrasound

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Valvular heart disease Microchapters

Patient Information

Classification

Aortic stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral regurgitation
Tricuspid stenosis
Tricuspid regurgitation
Pulmonary stenosis
Pulmonary regurgitation

Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

2006 ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease - Evaluation of Cardiac Murmurs (DO NOT EDIT) [1]

Recommendations for Echocardiography

Class I
"1. Echocardiography is recommended for asymptomatic patients with diastolic murmurs, continuous murmurs, holosystolic murmurs, late systolic murmurs, murmurs associated with ejection clicks or murmurs that radiate to the neck or back. (Level of Evidence: C) "
"2. Echocardiography is recommended for patients with heart murmurs and symptoms or signs of heart failure, myocardial ischemia/infarction, syncope, thromboembolism, infective endocarditis, or other clinical evidence of structural heart disease. (Level of Evidence: C)"
"3. Echocardiography is recommended for asymptomatic patients who have grade 3 or louder midpeaking systolic murmurs. (Level of Evidence: C)"
Class III (Harm)
"1. Echocardiography is not recommended for patients who have a grade 2 or softer midsystolic murmur identified as innocent or functional by an experienced observer. (Level of Evidence: C) "
Class IIa
"1. Echocardiography can be useful for the evaluation of asymptomatic patients with murmurs associated with other abnormal cardiac physical findings or murmurs associated with an abnormal ECG or chest X-ray. (Level of Evidence: C)"
"2. Echocardiography can be useful for patients whose symptoms and/or signs are likely noncardiac in origin but in whom a cardiac basis cannot be excluded by standard evaluation. (Level of Evidence: C)"

References

  1. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Kanu C; et al. (2006). "ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Circulation. 114 (5): e84–231. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176857. PMID 16880336. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)