Typhoid fever history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
==History==
==History==
==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==  
Typhoid fever is characterized by  a sustained [[fever]] as high as 40°C (104°F), profuse sweating,  [[gastroenteritis]], and [[diarrhea]]. Less commonly a [[rash]] of flat, rose-colored spots may appear.<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/typhoidfever_g.htm |title=CDC Typhoid Fever |accessdate=2007-10-02 |date=2005-10-25 |publisher=Center for Disease Control }}</ref>
Symptoms of typhoid fever include the following:


Classically, the course of untreated typhoid fever is divided into four individual stages, each lasting approximately one week. In the first week, there is a slowly rising temperature with relative [[bradycardia]], malaise, headache and cough. [[Epistaxis]] is seen in a quarter of cases and abdominal pain is also possible. There is [[leukopenia]] with [[eosinopenia]] and relative [[lymphocytosis]], a positive diazo reaction and blood cultures are positive for Salmonella typhi or paratyphi. The classic [[Widal test]] is negative in the first week.
===Most common symptoms===
*Stepledder increase in temperature initially and than sustained [[fever]] as high as 40°C (104°F
*profuse sweating
*[[gastroenteritis]]
*[[diarrhea]]


In the second week of the infection, the patient lies prostrated with high fever in plateau around 40°C and bradycardia (Sphygmo-thermic dissociation), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. Delirium is frequent, frequently calm, but sometimes agitated.  This delirium gives to typhoid the nickname of "nervous fever". Rose spots appear on the lower chest and abdomen in around 1/3 patients. There are [[rhonchi]] in lung bases. The abdomen is distended and painful in the right lower quadrant where [[borborygmi]] can be heard. Diarrhea can occur in this stage: six to eight stools in a day, green with a characteristic smell, comparable to pea-soup. However, constipation is also frequent. The spleen and liver  are enlarged (hepatosplenomegaly) and tender and there is elevation of liver [[transaminases]]. The Widal reaction is strongly positive with antiO and antiH antibodies. Blood cultures are sometimes still positive at this stage.
===Less common symptoms===
*[[Rash]] causing flat, rose-colored spots <ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/typhoidfever_g.htm |title=CDC Typhoid Fever |accessdate=2007-10-02 |date=2005-10-25 |publisher=Center for Disease Control }}</ref>


In the third week of typhoid fever a number of complications can occur:
===Course of typhoid fever===
* Intestinal hemorrhage due to bleeding in congested [[Peyer's patches]]; this can be very serious but is usually non-fatal.
Typhoid fever symptoms can be divided into four individual stages, each lasting approximately one week.
* Intestinal perforation in distal [[ileum]]: this is a very serious complication and is frequently fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until [[septicaemia]] or diffuse [[peritonitis]] sets in.
 
* [[Encephalitis]]  
'''First week'''
* Metastatic abscesses, [[cholecystitis]], [[endocarditis]] and osteitis
*Slowly rising temperature with relative [[bradycardia]],
The fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues and the patient is delirious (typhoid state). By the end of third week defervescence commences that prolongs itself in the fourth week.
* malaise
*headache
*cough.
*[[Epistaxis]]
*abdominal pain
'''Second week'''
*Prostration
*High grade fever which plateaus around 40°C
*Bradycardia (Sphygmo-thermic dissociation), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave.
*Delirium or agitation (nervous fever)
*Rose spots on the lower chest and abdomen(1/3 patients).
*[[Rhonchi]] in lung bases.
*Painful abdomen(right lower quadrant).
*Diarrhea (six to eight stools/day), green with a characteristic smell, comparable to pea-soup.
*Constipation 
'''Third week'''
*Intestinal hemorrhage
*Intestinal perforation in distal [[ileum]](Fatal)
*[[septicaemia]] or diffuse [[peritonitis]]
*[[Encephalitis]]  
*Metastatic abscesses  
*[[Cholecystitis]]  
*[[Endocarditis]]  
*Osteitis
*Defervescence
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}

Revision as of 13:09, 29 August 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

History

Symptoms

Symptoms of typhoid fever include the following:

Most common symptoms

Less common symptoms

  • Rash causing flat, rose-colored spots [1]

Course of typhoid fever

Typhoid fever symptoms can be divided into four individual stages, each lasting approximately one week.

First week

  • Slowly rising temperature with relative bradycardia,
  • malaise
  • headache
  • cough.
  • Epistaxis
  • abdominal pain

Second week

  • Prostration
  • High grade fever which plateaus around 40°C
  • Bradycardia (Sphygmo-thermic dissociation), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave.
  • Delirium or agitation (nervous fever)
  • Rose spots on the lower chest and abdomen(1/3 patients).
  • Rhonchi in lung bases.
  • Painful abdomen(right lower quadrant).
  • Diarrhea (six to eight stools/day), green with a characteristic smell, comparable to pea-soup.
  • Constipation

Third week

References

  1. ↑ "CDC Typhoid Fever". Center for Disease Control. 2005-10-25. Retrieved 2007-10-02.

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