Typhoid fever classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

There is no established classification system for typhoid fever. However, typhoid fever may be classified

Classification

There is no established classification system for typhoid fever. However, typhoid fever may be classified as follows

Duration of illness

Acute disease

• Sudden in onset
• Severe by nature
• Lasts < 12 months
• Mostly symptomatic

Chronic disease

• Lasts > 12 months
• Less severe
• Asymptomatic

Serological type

Salmonella enterica serotype typhi

• causes classic typhoid fever syndrome

other serotypes

• causes typhoid fever like syndrome

• Salmonella paratyphi A
• Salmonella paratyphi B
• Salmonella paratyphi C
• Salmonella choleraesuis

Severity of illness

Mild disease

• Early diagnosis and treatment
• Antibiotic susceptibility
• Absence of complications

Moderate to severe disease

• Late presentation
• Presence of complications
• Antibiotic resistance

Virulence factors

High virulence factors

• PhoP/phoQ genes
• CdtB protein
• Vi antigen positive strains

Low virulence factors

• Absence of above factors
• Presence of following host factors

• C282 mutation
• CFTR mutation