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==Overview==
==Overview==
There is no classification system established for tongue cancer. Nonsquamous cell cancers comprise fewer than 3% of all lingual malignancies. More than 90% of oral cavity cancers are [[squamous cell carcinomas]]. The majority of the other lesions are of minor salivary gland origin. [[Melanomas]], [[lymphomas]], and [[sarcomas]] rarely occur in the tongue.
There is no classification system established for tongue cancer. Non-squamous cell cancers comprise fewer than 3% of all lingual malignancies. More than 90% of oral cavity cancers are [[squamous cell carcinomas]]. The majority of the other lesions are of minor salivary gland origin. [[Melanomas]], [[lymphomas]], and [[sarcomas]] rarely occur in the tongue.


==Classification==
==Classification==
There is no classification system established for tongue cancer. Approximately any malignancy can metastasize to the tongue. Statistically, carcinomas of the [[breast]] and malignancies of the [[lung]], [[kidney]], and [[adrenal gland]] are the most common malignancies which can [[Metastasis|metastasize]] to the [[tongue]].<ref name="pmid4992864">{{cite journal| author=| title=Clinical staging system for carcinoma of the oral cavity. | journal=CA Cancer J Clin | year= 1968 | volume= 18 | issue= 3 | pages= 163-6 | pmid=4992864 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4992864  }}</ref>
There is no classification system established for tongue cancer. Any malignancy can metastasize to the tongue, statistically, carcinomas of the [[breast]] and malignancies of the [[lung]], [[kidney]], and [[adrenal gland]] are the most common malignancies which [[Metastasis|metastasize]] to the [[tongue]].<ref name="pmid4992864">{{cite journal| author=| title=Clinical staging system for carcinoma of the oral cavity. | journal=CA Cancer J Clin | year= 1968 | volume= 18 | issue= 3 | pages= 163-6 | pmid=4992864 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4992864  }}</ref>
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma clinical features|Squamous cell carcinoma]]
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma clinical features|Squamous cell carcinoma]]
**More than 90% of oral cavity cancers are [[squamous cell carcinomas]]. The majority of the other lesions are of [[Minor salivary gland cancer|minor salivary gland]] origin. [[Melanomas]], [[lymphomas]], and [[sarcomas]] rarely occur in the tongue.  
**More than 90% of [[oral cavity]] cancers are [[squamous cell carcinomas]]. The majority of the other lesions are of [[Minor salivary gland cancer|minor salivary gland]] origin. [[Melanomas]], [[lymphomas]], and [[sarcomas]] rarely occur in the tongue.  
**Oral [[Mucous membrane|mucosal melanomas]] to the tongue are rare relative to other [[oral cavity]] sites such as the alveolar gingivae, [[palate]], and lips.  
**Oral [[Mucous membrane|mucosal melanomas]] of the tongue are rare relative to other [[oral cavity]] sites such as the alveolar gingivae, [[palate]], and lips.  
**The two most prominent variants of oral squamous cell carcinomas that may be present are [[verrucous carcinoma]] and sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma.
**The two most prominent variants of oral [[squamous cell carcinomas]] that may be present are [[verrucous carcinoma]] and sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma.
*[[Verrucous carcinoma]]
***[[Verrucous carcinoma]]
**[[Verrucous carcinoma|Verrucous]] cell carcinomas is a unique form of squamous cell carcinoma related to [[human papillomavirus]] ([[HPV]]) infection. In the early phases of its growth, the tumor may be asymptomatic and subclinical as a verruciform growth phase that lasts several years. In other patients, the lesion may appear suddenly or as a slowly growing lesion that has a rapid and sudden growth phase.
****[[Verrucous carcinoma|Verrucous]] cell carcinomas is a unique form of squamous cell carcinoma related to [[human papillomavirus]] ([[HPV]]) infection. In the early phases of its growth, the tumor may be asymptomatic and subclinical as a verruciform growth phase that lasts several years. In other patients, the lesion may appear suddenly or as a slowly growing lesion that has a rapid and sudden growth phase.
*Sarcomatoid [[squamous cell carcinoma]]
***Sarcomatoid [[squamous cell carcinoma]]
**Sarcomatoid carcinomas are also referred to as pseudosarcomatous [[squamous cell carcinoma]], pseudosarcoma, [[Metaplasticity|metaplastic]] carcinoma, pleomorphic carcinoma, and the spindle variant of [[epidermoid carcinoma]]. The histogenesis of these [[tumors]] is not clear.   
****Sarcomatoid carcinomas are also referred to as pseudosarcomatous [[squamous cell carcinoma]], pseudosarcoma, [[Metaplasticity|metaplastic]] carcinoma, pleomorphic carcinoma, and the spindle variant of [[epidermoid carcinoma]]. The histogenesis of these [[tumors]] is not clear.   
**The tumor manifests as a polypoid, rapidly growing, polypoid, and bulky mass, often in a site exposed to before [[irradiation]].   
****The tumor manifests as a polypoid, rapidly growing and bulky mass, often in a site previously exposed to [[irradiation]].   
*Nonsquamous cell carcinoma
*Non-squamous cell carcinoma
**Nonsquamous cell cancers comprise fewer than 3% of all lingual malignancies. Malignancies of [[salivary gland]] origin may also occur, with [[mucoepidermoid]] [[carcinomas]] and [[Adenoid cystic cancer|adenoid cystic]] [[carcinomas]] predominating in histological subtypes. Relative to the [[palate]], minor [[salivary gland]] malignancies of the tongue are rare.<ref name="pmid18667978">{{cite journal| author=Soares EC, Carreiro Filho FP, Costa FW, Vieira AC, Alves AP| title=Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue: case report and literature review. | journal=Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal | year= 2008 | volume= 13 | issue= 8 | pages= E475-8 | pmid=18667978 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18667978  }} </ref>
**Non-squamous cell cancers comprise fewer than 3% of all lingual malignancies. Malignancies of [[salivary gland]] origin may also occur, with [[mucoepidermoid]] [[carcinomas]] and [[Adenoid cystic cancer|adenoid cystic]] [[carcinomas]] predominating in histological subtypes. Relative to the [[palate]], minor [[salivary gland]] malignancies of the tongue are rare.<ref name="pmid18667978">{{cite journal| author=Soares EC, Carreiro Filho FP, Costa FW, Vieira AC, Alves AP| title=Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue: case report and literature review. | journal=Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal | year= 2008 | volume= 13 | issue= 8 | pages= E475-8 | pmid=18667978 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18667978  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 13:28, 21 December 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2] Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[3]

Overview

There is no classification system established for tongue cancer. Non-squamous cell cancers comprise fewer than 3% of all lingual malignancies. More than 90% of oral cavity cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. The majority of the other lesions are of minor salivary gland origin. Melanomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas rarely occur in the tongue.

Classification

There is no classification system established for tongue cancer. Any malignancy can metastasize to the tongue, statistically, carcinomas of the breast and malignancies of the lung, kidney, and adrenal gland are the most common malignancies which metastasize to the tongue.[1]

References

  1. "Clinical staging system for carcinoma of the oral cavity". CA Cancer J Clin. 18 (3): 163–6. 1968. PMID 4992864.
  2. Soares EC, Carreiro Filho FP, Costa FW, Vieira AC, Alves AP (2008). "Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue: case report and literature review". Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 13 (8): E475–8. PMID 18667978.

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