Thyroid nodule risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Risk Factors

Other factors associated with an increased risk of thyroid nodules and goiter include:

  • Hard nodule
  • Nodule that is stuck to nearby structures
  • Family history of thyroid cancer
  • Younger than 20 or older than 70
  • History of radiation exposure to the head or neck
  • Male gender
  • Smoking 11863477
  • Alcohol consumption 18031329
  • Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels

thyroid nodules in men and decreased serum TSH levels in women 17666480

  • Uterine fibroids 17988198

Factors associated with a possible decreased risk include:

  • Oral contraceptive use 12100072
  • Use of statins (associated with a reduced risk of nodules on ultrasound)
    • reduced prevalence, number and volume of thyroid nodules 17666091
  • A history of papillary thyroid cancer in at least one first-degree family member is associated with an increased risk of a nodule being malignant
    10030330
    1415299

References

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