Testicular cancer overview

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Testicular cancer Microchapters
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Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Testicular cancer from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Staging
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
X Ray
CT
MRI
Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Biopsy
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
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Overview

Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system.

Classification

Testicular cancer may be classified according to cell types into two subtypes: germ cell tumors and non–germ cell tumors.

Pathophysiology

On microscopic histopathological analysis of testicular cancer, fried-egg appearance is the characteristic finding of seminoma; marked nuclear atypia is the characteristic finding of embryonal carcinoma; blander cytomorphology, hyaline-type globules, and Schiller-Duval bodies are characteristic findings of yolk sac tumor ; syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblast cells are the characteristic findings of choriocarcinoma.

Causes

There are no known direct causes for testicular cancer.

Differential Diagnosis

Testicular cancer must be differentiated from epididymitis, hematocele, hydrocele, spermatocele, granulomatous orchitis, and varicocele.

Epidemiology and Demographics

The prevalence of testicular cancer is approximately 88.1 per 100,000 males in the United States. The incidence of testicular cancer is approximately 5.88 per 100,000 males in the United States. The majority of cases are reported in New Zealand. Testicular cancer usually affects males of the white race. African American individuals are less likely to develop testicular cancer.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of testicular cancer are undescended testicle, family history, personal history of testicular cancer, Klinefelter syndrome.

Screening

According to the the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF), there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for bladder cancer.

Prognosis

Prognosis of testicular cancer is generally good, and the 5-year survival rate is approximately 96.6%.

Staging

Testicular cancer may be classified into several subtypes based on TNM system and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC).

References

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