TGM3

Transglutaminase 3 (E polypeptide, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)
File:PBB Protein TGM3 image.jpg PDB rendering based on 1l9m.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: Template:Homologene2PDBe PDBe, Template:Homologene2uniprot RCSB List of PDB id codes 1l9m​, 1l9n​, 1nud​, 1nuf​, 1nug​, 1rle​, 1sgx​, 1vjj​
Identifiers
Symbols	TGM3 ; MGC126249; MGC126250; TGE
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 20690
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
File:PBB GE TGM3 206004 at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Transglutaminase 3 (E polypeptide, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase), also known as TGM3, is a human gene.

Transglutaminases are enzymes that catalyze the crosslinking of proteins by epsilon-gamma glutamyl lysine isopeptide bonds. While the primary structure of transglutaminases is not conserved, they all have the same amino acid sequence at their active sites and their activity is calcium-dependent. The protein encoded by this gene consists of two polypeptide chains activated from a single precursor protein by proteolysis. The encoded protein is involved the later stages of cell envelope formation in the epidermis and hair follicle.

Further reading

• Ahvazi B, Boeshans KM, Rastinejad F (2005). "The emerging structural understanding of transglutaminase 3". J. Struct. Biol. 147 (2): 200–7. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2004.03.009. PMID 15193648.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Rice RH, Green H (1978). "Relation of protein synthesis and transglutaminase activity to formation of the cross-linked envelope during terminal differentiation of the cultured human epidermal keratinocyte". J. Cell Biol. 76 (3): 705–11. PMID 24643.
• Steck TL (1972). "Cross-linking the major proteins of the isolated erythrocyte membrane". J. Mol. Biol. 66 (2): 295–305. PMID 5038456.
• Mariniello L, Esposito C, Di Pierro P; et al. (1993). "Human-immunodeficiency-virus transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 is an amino acceptor and donor substrate for transglutaminase in vitro". Eur. J. Biochem. 215 (1): 99–104. PMID 7688299.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Wang M, Kim IG, Steinert PM, McBride OW (1995). "Assignment of the human transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) and transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) genes to chromosome 20q11.2". Genomics. 23 (3): 721–2. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1571. PMID 7851911.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Amendola A, Lombardi G, Oliverio S; et al. (1994). "HIV-1 gp120-dependent induction of apoptosis in antigen-specific human T cell clones is characterized by 'tissue' transglutaminase expression and prevented by cyclosporin A.". FEBS Lett. 339 (3): 258–64. PMID 7906657.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Kim IG, Lee SC, Lee JH; et al. (1994). "Structure and organization of the human transglutaminase 3 gene: evolutionary relationship to the transglutaminase family". J. Invest. Dermatol. 103 (2): 137–42. PMID 7913719.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Kim IG, Gorman JJ, Park SC; et al. (1993). "The deduced sequence of the novel protransglutaminase E (TGase3) of human and mouse". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (17): 12682–90. PMID 8099584.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Lee JH, Jang SI, Yang JM; et al. (1996). "The proximal promoter of the human transglutaminase 3 gene. Stratified squamous epithelial-specific expression in cultured cells is mediated by binding of Sp1 and ets transcription factors to a proximal promoter element". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (8): 4561–8. PMID 8626812.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hillier LD, Lennon G, Becker M; et al. (1997). "Generation and analysis of 280,000 human expressed sequence tags". Genome Res. 6 (9): 807–28. PMID 8889549.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Aeschlimann D, Koeller MK, Allen-Hoffmann BL, Mosher DF (1998). "Isolation of a cDNA encoding a novel member of the transglutaminase gene family from human keratinocytes. Detection and identification of transglutaminase gene products based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (6): 3452–60. PMID 9452468.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Kim SY, Grant P, Lee JH; et al. (1999). "Differential expression of multiple transglutaminases in human brain. Increased expression and cross-linking by transglutaminases 1 and 2 in Alzheimer's disease". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (43): 30715–21. PMID 10521460.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Méhul B, Bernard D, Simonetti L; et al. (2000). "Identification and cloning of a new calmodulin-like protein from human epidermis". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (17): 12841–7. PMID 10777582.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J; et al. (2002). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20". Nature. 414 (6866): 865–71. doi:10.1038/414865a. PMID 11780052.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Sárdy M, Kárpáti S, Merkl B; et al. (2002). "Epidermal transglutaminase (TGase 3) is the autoantigen of dermatitis herpetiformis". J. Exp. Med. 195 (6): 747–57. PMID 11901200.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Ahvazi B, Boeshans KM, Idler W; et al. (2003). "Roles of calcium ions in the activation and activity of the transglutaminase 3 enzyme". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (26): 23834–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301162200. PMID 12679341.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hitomi K, Presland RB, Nakayama T; et al. (2004). "Analysis of epidermal-type transglutaminase (transglutaminase 3) in human stratified epithelia and cultured keratinocytes using monoclonal antibodies". J. Dermatol. Sci. 32 (2): 95–103. PMID 12850301.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gonzalez HE, Gujrati M, Frederick M; et al. (2003). "Identification of 9 genes differentially expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma". Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 129 (7): 754–9. doi:10.1001/archotol.129.7.754. PMID 12874078.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Ahvazi B, Boeshans KM, Idler W; et al. (2004). "Structural basis for the coordinated regulation of transglutaminase 3 by guanine nucleotides and calcium/magnesium". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (8): 7180–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312310200. PMID 14645372.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)