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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''AS160''' (Akt substrate of 160 kDa), which was originally known as '''TBC1 domain family member 4''' ('''TBC1D4'''),<ref name="Sakamoto_2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sakamoto K, Holman GD | title = Emerging role for AS160/TBC1D4 and TBC1D1 in the regulation of GLUT4 traffic | journal = Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | volume = 295 | issue = 1 | pages = E29–37 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18477703 | pmc = 2493596 | doi = 10.1152/ajpendo.90331.2008 | url = }}</ref> is a [[Rab (G-protein)|Rab]] GTPase-activating [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''TBC1D4'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid11829485">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kurihara LJ, Semenova E, Miller W, Ingram RS, Guan XJ, Tilghman SM | title = Candidate genes required for embryonic development: a comparative analysis of distal mouse chromosome 14 and human chromosome 13q22 | journal = Genomics | volume = 79 | issue = 2 | pages = 154–61 | date = Feb 2002 | pmid = 11829485 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.2002.6692 }}</ref><ref name="pmid11994271">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kane S, Sano H, Liu SC, Asara JM, Lane WS, Garner CC, Lienhard GE | title = A method to identify serine kinase substrates. Akt phosphorylates a novel adipocyte protein with a Rab GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 25 | pages = 22115–8 | date = Jun 2002 | pmid = 11994271 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C200198200 }}</ref><ref name="pmid15304337">{{cite journal | vauthors = Matsumoto Y, Imai Y, Lu Yoshida N, Sugita Y, Tanaka T, Tsujimoto G, Saito H, Oshida T | title = Upregulation of the transcript level of GTPase activating protein KIAA0603 in T cells from patients with atopic dermatitis | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 572 | issue = 1-3 | pages = 135–40 | date = Aug 2004 | pmid = 15304337 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.07.023 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TBC1D4 TBC1 domain family, member 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9882| accessdate = }}</ref>   
'''AS160''' (Akt substrate of 160 kDa), which was originally known as '''TBC1 domain family member 4''' ('''TBC1D4'''),<ref name="Sakamoto_2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sakamoto K, Holman GD | title = Emerging role for AS160/TBC1D4 and TBC1D1 in the regulation of GLUT4 traffic | journal = Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | volume = 295 | issue = 1 | pages = E29–37 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18477703 | pmc = 2493596 | doi = 10.1152/ajpendo.90331.2008 | url = }}</ref> is a [[Rab (G-protein)|Rab]] GTPase-activating [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''TBC1D4'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid11829485">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kurihara LJ, Semenova E, Miller W, Ingram RS, Guan XJ, Tilghman SM | title = Candidate genes required for embryonic development: a comparative analysis of distal mouse chromosome 14 and human chromosome 13q22 | journal = Genomics | volume = 79 | issue = 2 | pages = 154–61 | date = Feb 2002 | pmid = 11829485 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.2002.6692 }}</ref><ref name="pmid11994271">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kane S, Sano H, Liu SC, Asara JM, Lane WS, Garner CC, Lienhard GE | title = A method to identify serine kinase substrates. Akt phosphorylates a novel adipocyte protein with a Rab GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 25 | pages = 22115–8 | date = Jun 2002 | pmid = 11994271 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C200198200 }}</ref><ref name="pmid15304337">{{cite journal | vauthors = Matsumoto Y, Imai Y, Lu Yoshida N, Sugita Y, Tanaka T, Tsujimoto G, Saito H, Oshida T | title = Upregulation of the transcript level of GTPase activating protein KIAA0603 in T cells from patients with atopic dermatitis | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 572 | issue = 1–3 | pages = 135–40 | date = Aug 2004 | pmid = 15304337 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.07.023 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TBC1D4 TBC1 domain family, member 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9882| accessdate = }}</ref>   


The 160 kD protein product was first discovered in a screen for novel substrates of the serine-threonine kinase [[Akt2]], which phosphorylates AS160 at Thr-642 and Ser-588<ref name="Sakamoto_2008"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sano H, Kane S, Sano E, Mîinea CP, Asara JM, Lane WS, Garner CW, Lienhard GE | title = Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of a Rab GTPase-activating protein regulates GLUT4 translocation | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 17 | pages = 14599–602 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12637568 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C300063200 }}</ref> after insulin stimulation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kane S, Sano H, Liu SC, Asara JM, Lane WS, Garner CC, Lienhard GE | title = A method to identify serine kinase substrates. Akt phosphorylates a novel adipocyte protein with a Rab GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 25 | pages = 22115–8 | date = Jun 2002 | pmid = 11994271 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C200198200 }}</ref>  [[Insulin]] stimulation of fat and muscle cells results in translocation of the glucose transporter [[GLUT4]] to the plasma membrane, and this translocation process is dependent on phosphorylation of AS160.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sano H, Kane S, Sano E, Mîinea CP, Asara JM, Lane WS, Garner CW, Lienhard GE | title = Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of a Rab GTPase-activating protein regulates GLUT4 translocation | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 17 | pages = 14599–602 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12637568 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C300063200 }}</ref>  The role of AS160 in GLUT4 translocation is mediated by its GTPase activating domain and interactions with Rab proteins in vesicle formation, increasing GLUT4 translocation when its GTPase activity is inhibited by Akt phosphorylation. Specifically, this inhibition activates [[RAB2A]], [[RAB8A]], [[RAB10]] and [[RAB14]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mîinea CP, Sano H, Kane S, Sano E, Fukuda M, Peränen J, Lane WS, Lienhard GE | title = AS160, the Akt substrate regulating GLUT4 translocation, has a functional Rab GTPase-activating protein domain | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 391 | issue = Pt 1 | pages = 87–93 | date = Oct 2005 | pmid = 15971998 | pmc = 1237142 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20050887 }}</ref>   
The 160 kD protein product was first discovered in a screen for novel substrates of the serine-threonine kinase [[Akt2]], which phosphorylates AS160 at Thr-642 and Ser-588<ref name="Sakamoto_2008"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sano H, Kane S, Sano E, Mîinea CP, Asara JM, Lane WS, Garner CW, Lienhard GE | title = Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of a Rab GTPase-activating protein regulates GLUT4 translocation | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 17 | pages = 14599–602 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12637568 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C300063200 }}</ref> after insulin stimulation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kane S, Sano H, Liu SC, Asara JM, Lane WS, Garner CC, Lienhard GE | title = A method to identify serine kinase substrates. Akt phosphorylates a novel adipocyte protein with a Rab GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 25 | pages = 22115–8 | date = Jun 2002 | pmid = 11994271 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C200198200 }}</ref>  [[Insulin]] stimulation of fat and muscle cells results in translocation of the glucose transporter [[GLUT4]] to the plasma membrane, and this translocation process is dependent on phosphorylation of AS160.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sano H, Kane S, Sano E, Mîinea CP, Asara JM, Lane WS, Garner CW, Lienhard GE | title = Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of a Rab GTPase-activating protein regulates GLUT4 translocation | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 17 | pages = 14599–602 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12637568 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C300063200 }}</ref>  The role of AS160 in GLUT4 translocation is mediated by its GTPase activating domain and interactions with Rab proteins in vesicle formation, increasing GLUT4 translocation when its GTPase activity is inhibited by Akt phosphorylation. Specifically, this inhibition activates [[RAB2A]], [[RAB8A]], [[RAB10]] and [[RAB14]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mîinea CP, Sano H, Kane S, Sano E, Fukuda M, Peränen J, Lane WS, Lienhard GE | title = AS160, the Akt substrate regulating GLUT4 translocation, has a functional Rab GTPase-activating protein domain | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 391 | issue = Pt 1 | pages = 87–93 | date = Oct 2005 | pmid = 15971998 | pmc = 1237142 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20050887 }}</ref>   
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== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chen S, Wasserman DH, MacKintosh C, Sakamoto K | title = Mice with AS160/TBC1D4-Thr649Ala knockin mutation are glucose intolerant with reduced insulin sensitivity and altered GLUT4 trafficking | journal = Cell metabolism | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | pages = 68-79 | date = 2011 | pmid =  21195350  | doi = 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.12.005 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chen S, Wasserman DH, MacKintosh C, Sakamoto K | title = Mice with AS160/TBC1D4-Thr649Ala knockin mutation are glucose intolerant with reduced insulin sensitivity and altered GLUT4 trafficking | journal = Cell Metabolism | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | pages = 68-79 | date = 2011 | pmid =  21195350  | doi = 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.12.005 | pmc=3081066}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro | journal = DNA Research | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 31–9 | date = Feb 1998 | pmid = 9628581 | doi = 10.1093/dnares/5.1.31 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro | journal = DNA Research | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 31–9 | date = Feb 1998 | pmid = 9628581 | doi = 10.1093/dnares/5.1.31 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nakayama M, Kikuno R, Ohara O | title = Protein-protein interactions between large proteins: two-hybrid screening using a functionally classified library composed of long cDNAs | journal = Genome Research | volume = 12 | issue = 11 | pages = 1773–84 | date = Nov 2002 | pmid = 12421765 | pmc = 187542 | doi = 10.1101/gr.406902 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nakayama M, Kikuno R, Ohara O | title = Protein-protein interactions between large proteins: two-hybrid screening using a functionally classified library composed of long cDNAs | journal = Genome Research | volume = 12 | issue = 11 | pages = 1773–84 | date = Nov 2002 | pmid = 12421765 | pmc = 187542 | doi = 10.1101/gr.406902 }}

Latest revision as of 11:33, 9 January 2019

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Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
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AS160 (Akt substrate of 160 kDa), which was originally known as TBC1 domain family member 4 (TBC1D4),[1] is a Rab GTPase-activating protein that in humans is encoded by the TBC1D4 gene.[2][3][4][5]

The 160 kD protein product was first discovered in a screen for novel substrates of the serine-threonine kinase Akt2, which phosphorylates AS160 at Thr-642 and Ser-588[1][6] after insulin stimulation.[7] Insulin stimulation of fat and muscle cells results in translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, and this translocation process is dependent on phosphorylation of AS160.[8] The role of AS160 in GLUT4 translocation is mediated by its GTPase activating domain and interactions with Rab proteins in vesicle formation, increasing GLUT4 translocation when its GTPase activity is inhibited by Akt phosphorylation. Specifically, this inhibition activates RAB2A, RAB8A, RAB10 and RAB14.[9]

AS160 also contains a calmodulin-binding domain, and this domain mediates phosphorylation-independent glucose uptake in muscle cells.[10]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Sakamoto K, Holman GD (2008). "Emerging role for AS160/TBC1D4 and TBC1D1 in the regulation of GLUT4 traffic". Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 295 (1): E29–37. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90331.2008. PMC 2493596. PMID 18477703.
  2. Kurihara LJ, Semenova E, Miller W, Ingram RS, Guan XJ, Tilghman SM (Feb 2002). "Candidate genes required for embryonic development: a comparative analysis of distal mouse chromosome 14 and human chromosome 13q22". Genomics. 79 (2): 154–61. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6692. PMID 11829485.
  3. Kane S, Sano H, Liu SC, Asara JM, Lane WS, Garner CC, Lienhard GE (Jun 2002). "A method to identify serine kinase substrates. Akt phosphorylates a novel adipocyte protein with a Rab GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (25): 22115–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200198200. PMID 11994271.
  4. Matsumoto Y, Imai Y, Lu Yoshida N, Sugita Y, Tanaka T, Tsujimoto G, Saito H, Oshida T (Aug 2004). "Upregulation of the transcript level of GTPase activating protein KIAA0603 in T cells from patients with atopic dermatitis". FEBS Letters. 572 (1–3): 135–40. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.07.023. PMID 15304337.
  5. "Entrez Gene: TBC1D4 TBC1 domain family, member 4".
  6. Sano H, Kane S, Sano E, Mîinea CP, Asara JM, Lane WS, Garner CW, Lienhard GE (Apr 2003). "Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of a Rab GTPase-activating protein regulates GLUT4 translocation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (17): 14599–602. doi:10.1074/jbc.C300063200. PMID 12637568.
  7. Kane S, Sano H, Liu SC, Asara JM, Lane WS, Garner CC, Lienhard GE (Jun 2002). "A method to identify serine kinase substrates. Akt phosphorylates a novel adipocyte protein with a Rab GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (25): 22115–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200198200. PMID 11994271.
  8. Sano H, Kane S, Sano E, Mîinea CP, Asara JM, Lane WS, Garner CW, Lienhard GE (Apr 2003). "Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of a Rab GTPase-activating protein regulates GLUT4 translocation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (17): 14599–602. doi:10.1074/jbc.C300063200. PMID 12637568.
  9. Mîinea CP, Sano H, Kane S, Sano E, Fukuda M, Peränen J, Lane WS, Lienhard GE (Oct 2005). "AS160, the Akt substrate regulating GLUT4 translocation, has a functional Rab GTPase-activating protein domain". The Biochemical Journal. 391 (Pt 1): 87–93. doi:10.1042/BJ20050887. PMC 1237142. PMID 15971998.
  10. Kramer HF, Taylor EB, Witczak CA, Fujii N, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ (Dec 2007). "Calmodulin-binding domain of AS160 regulates contraction- but not insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle". Diabetes. 56 (12): 2854–62. doi:10.2337/db07-0681. PMID 17717281.

Further reading