Sulfamethoxazole: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 01:22, 10 January 2014

Sulfamethoxazole
BACTRIM DS^® FDA Package Insert
Description
Clinical Pharmacology
Microbiology
Indications and Usage
Contraindications
Warnings and Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Overdosage
Dosage and Administration
How Supplied
Labels and Packages

For patient information, click here.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2]

Overview

Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic. It is most often used as part of a synergistic combination with trimethoprim in a 5:1 ratio in co-trimoxazole, which is also known as Bactrim, Septrin, or Septra (also abbreviated SMX/TMP). Its primary activity is against susceptible forms of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and oral anaerobes. It is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections. In addition can be used as an alternative to amoxicillin-based antibiotics to treat sinusitis.

US Brand Names

BACTRIM DS'^®

FDA Package Insert

Mechanism of Action

The systemic sulfonamides are bacteriostatic agents having a similar spectrum of activity. Sulfonamides competitively inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from aminobenzoic acid. Resistant strains are capable of utilizing folic acid precursors or preformed folic acid.^[1]

References

↑ "Sulfamethoxazole TABLET [EON LABS, INC.]". Text " accessdate" ignored (help)

[dailymed.nlm.nih.gov-1] "Sulfamethoxazole TABLET [EON LABS, INC.]". Text " accessdate" ignored (help)

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-{{Sulfadiazine}}
+{{Sulfamethoxazole }}
-'''''For patient information, click <u>[[Sulfadiazine (patient information)|here]]'''''</u>.
+'''''For patient information, click <u>[[Sulfamethoxazole  (patient information)|here]]'''''</u>.
 {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MM}}
 ==Overview==
-'''Sulfadiazine''' is a [[sulfonamide]] [[antibiotic]].  It eliminates [[bacteria]] that cause infections by stopping the production of [[folic acid|folate]] inside the bacterial cell, and is commonly used to treat [[urinary tract infection]]s (UTIs).
+'''Sulfamethoxazole''' is a [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|sulfonamide]] [[bacteriostatic]] [[antibiotic]]. It is most often used as part of a synergistic combination with [[trimethoprim]] in a 5:1 ratio in [[co-trimoxazole]], which is also known as [[Bactrim]], [[Septrin]], or Septra (also abbreviated SMX/TMP). Its primary activity is against susceptible forms of ''[[Streptococcus]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', ''[[Escherichia coli]]'', ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'', and [[oral]] [[anaerobes]].  It is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections.  In addition can be used as an alternative to [[amoxicillin]]-based antibiotics to treat [[sinusitis]].
 ==Category==
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ==US Brand Names==
-SULFADIAZINE<sup>®</sup>
+BACTRIM DS''''''<sup>®</sup>
 ==FDA Package Insert==
-'''  [[Sulfadiazine description|Description]]'''
+'''  [[Sulfamethoxazole  description|Description]]'''
-'''| [[Sulfadiazine clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
+'''| [[Sulfamethoxazole  clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
-'''| [[Sulfadiazine indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
+'''| [[Sulfamethoxazole  indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
-'''| [[Sulfadiazine contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
+'''| [[Sulfamethoxazole  contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
-'''| [[Sulfadiazine warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
+'''| [[Sulfamethoxazole  warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
-'''| [[Sulfadiazine adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
+'''| [[Sulfamethoxazole  adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
-'''| [[Sulfadiazine dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
+'''| [[Sulfamethoxazole  dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
-'''| [[Sulfadiazine how supplied|How Supplied]]'''
+'''| [[Sulfamethoxazole  how supplied|How Supplied]]'''
-'''| [[Sulfadiazine labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''
+'''| [[Sulfamethoxazole  labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''
 ==Mechanism of Action==
-The systemic sulfonamides are bacteriostatic agents having a similar spectrum of activity. Sulfonamides competitively inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from aminobenzoic acid. Resistant strains are capable of utilizing folic acid precursors or preformed folic acid.<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = SULFADIAZINE TABLET [EON LABS, INC.] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=10549cba-9c15-4d2e-a68c-5afbc178591d | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate}}</ref>
+The systemic sulfonamides are bacteriostatic agents having a similar spectrum of activity. Sulfonamides competitively inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from aminobenzoic acid. Resistant strains are capable of utilizing folic acid precursors or preformed folic acid.<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = Sulfamethoxazole  TABLET [EON LABS, INC.] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=10549cba-9c15-4d2e-a68c-5afbc178591d | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate}}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 [[Category:Antibiotics]]
 [[Category:Wikinfect]]
-----------------------
-'''Sulfamethoxazole''' is a [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|sulfonamide]] [[bacteriostatic]] [[antibiotic]]. It is most often used as part of a synergistic combination with [[trimethoprim]] in a 5:1 ratio in [[co-trimoxazole]], which is also known as [[Bactrim]], [[Septrin]], or Septra (also abbreviated SMX/TMP). Its primary activity is against susceptible forms of ''[[Streptococcus]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', ''[[Escherichia coli]]'', ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'', and [[oral]] [[anaerobes]].  It is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections.  In addition can be used as an alternative to [[amoxicillin]]-based antibiotics to treat [[sinusitis]].
-== Mechanism of action ==
-Sulfonamides are structural analogs and competitive antagonists of [[para-aminobenzoic acid]] ([[PABA]]). They inhibit normal bacterial utilization of PABA for the synthesis of [[folic acid]], an important metabolite in [[DNA synthesis]].<ref>Martindale, ''The extra pharmacopoeia'', 30th ed, p. 208</ref> The effects seen are usually bacteriostatic in nature. Folic acid is not synthesized in humans, but is instead a dietary requirement. This allows for the selective toxicity to bacterial cells (or any cell dependent on synthesizing folic acid) over human cells.  Bacterial resistance to sulfamethoxazole are caused by mutations in the folic acid enzyme that prevents the drug from binding and blocking folic acid synthesis.
-[[Image:THFsynthesispathway.png|frame|center|Tetrahydrofolate synthesis pathway]]
-==Side effects==
-The most common [[adverse drug reaction|side effect]] of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is gastrointestinal upset.  Allergies to sulfa-based medications typically cause skin rashes, hives, or trouble breathing or swallowing and warrant immediate discontinuation of the medication and contact with doctor immediately.  Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is also known to increase blood concentrations of the drug [[warfarin]] (U.S. brand name: '''Coumadin''') and can cause an unexpected increase in clotting time and uncontrolled bleeding.  [[Neutropenia]] and [[thrombocytopenia]] also are rare adverse effects to be monitored if a patient is placed on long-term therapy.
-==References==
-<references/>
-==External links==
-* [http://briandeer.com/septrinindex.htm briandeer.com] Side-effects information.
-== See also ==
-* [[trimethoprim]]
-{{SulfonamideAntiBiotics}}
-[[Category:Sulfonamide antibiotics]]
-[[Category:Equine medications]]
-[[de:Sulfamethoxazol]]
-[[sk:Sulfametoxazol]]
-[[th:ซัลฟาเมโทซาโซล]]
-{{WH}}
-{{WS}}