Subdural empyema: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Bacterial or occasionally fungal infection of the skull bones or air sinuses can spread to the subdural space, producing a subdural empyema. The underlying arachnoid and subarachnoid spaces are usually unaffected, but a large subdural empyema may produce a mass effect. Further, a thrombophlebitis may develop in the bridging veins that cross the subdural space, resulting in venous occlusion and infarction of the brain. | Bacterial or occasionally fungal infection of the skull bones or air sinuses can spread to the subdural space, producing a subdural empyema. The underlying arachnoid and subarachnoid spaces are usually unaffected, but a large subdural empyema may produce a mass effect. Further, a thrombophlebitis may develop in the bridging veins that cross the subdural space, resulting in venous occlusion and infarction of the brain. If diagnosis and treatment are prompt, complete recovery is usual. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
It can be associated with [[sinusitis]].<ref name="pmid16777239">{{Cite journal|author=Quraishi H, Zevallos JP |title=Subdural empyema as a complication of sinusitis in the pediatric population |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=70 |issue=9 |pages=1581–6 |year=2006 |month=September |pmid=16777239 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.04.007 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165-5876(06)00135-2}}</ref> | It can be associated with [[sinusitis]].<ref name="pmid16777239">{{Cite journal|author=Quraishi H, Zevallos JP |title=Subdural empyema as a complication of sinusitis in the pediatric population |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=70 |issue=9 |pages=1581–6 |year=2006 |month=September |pmid=16777239 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.04.007 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165-5876(06)00135-2}}</ref> | ||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Symptoms=== | |||
Symptoms include those referable to the source of the infection. In addition, most patients are [[febrile]], with [[headache]] and [[neck stiffness]], and, if untreated, may develop focal neurologic signs, [[lethargy]], and [[coma]]. | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
The CSF profile is similar to that seen in [[brain abscesses]], because both are parameningeal infectious processes. | |||
==Treatment== | |||
With treatment, including surgical drainage, resolution of the empyema occurs from the dural side, and, if it is complete, a thickened dura may be the only residual finding. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:24, 22 July 2012
| Subdural empyema | |
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| An abscess that has let to an intracranial subdural empyema as seen on CT | |
| DiseasesDB | 31138 |
| eMedicine | neuro/591 |
| MeSH | D013354 |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Subdural empyema is a form of empyema in the subdural space.
Pathophysiology
Bacterial or occasionally fungal infection of the skull bones or air sinuses can spread to the subdural space, producing a subdural empyema. The underlying arachnoid and subarachnoid spaces are usually unaffected, but a large subdural empyema may produce a mass effect. Further, a thrombophlebitis may develop in the bridging veins that cross the subdural space, resulting in venous occlusion and infarction of the brain. If diagnosis and treatment are prompt, complete recovery is usual.
Epidemiology and Demographics
It usually occurs in infancy.[1]
Causes
It can be associated with sinusitis.[2]
Diagnosis
Symptoms
Symptoms include those referable to the source of the infection. In addition, most patients are febrile, with headache and neck stiffness, and, if untreated, may develop focal neurologic signs, lethargy, and coma.
Laboratory Findings
The CSF profile is similar to that seen in brain abscesses, because both are parameningeal infectious processes.
Treatment
With treatment, including surgical drainage, resolution of the empyema occurs from the dural side, and, if it is complete, a thickened dura may be the only residual finding.
References
- ↑ Wu TJ, Chiu NC, Huang FY (2008). "Subdural empyema in center". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 41 (1): 62–7. PMID 18327428. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Quraishi H, Zevallos JP (2006). "Subdural empyema as a complication of sinusitis in the pediatric population". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 70 (9): 1581–6. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.04.007. PMID 16777239. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)